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pluck

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishplucken,plukken,plockien, fromOld Englishpluccian,ploccian(to pluck, pull away, tear), alsoOld Englishplyċċan("to pluck, pull, snatch; pluck with desire"), fromProto-West Germanic*plukkōn, fromProto-Germanic*plukkōną,*plukkijaną(to pluck), of uncertain and disputed origin.

Perhaps related toOld Englishpullian(to pull, draw; pluck off; snatch). Cognate withSaterland Frisianplukje(to pluck),West Frisianplôkje(to pick, pluck),Dutchplukken(to pluck),Limburgishplógte(to pluck),Low Germanplukken(to pluck),Germanpflücken(to pluck, pick),Danish andNorwegianplukke(to pick),Swedishplocka(to pick, pluck, cull),Icelandicplokka,plukka(to pluck, pull). More atpull.

An alternative etymology suggestsProto-Germanic*plukkōną,*plukkijaną may have been borrowed from an assumedVulgar Latin*pilūc(i)cāre, a derivative of Latinpilāre(deprive of hair, make bald, depilate), frompilus(hair). The Oxford English Dictionary, however, finds difficulties with this and cites gaps in historical evidence.[1]

The noun sense of "heart, liver, and lights of an animal" comes from it being plucked out of the carcass after the animal is killed; the sense of "fortitude, boldness" derives from this meaning, originally being a boxing slang denoting aprize-ring, with semantic development from "heart", the symbol of courage, to "fortitude, boldness".

Pronunciation

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Verb

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pluck (third-person singular simple presentplucks,present participleplucking,simple past and past participlepluckedor(obsolete)pluckt)

  1. (transitive) Topull somethingsharply; to pull something out
    Sheplucked the phone from her bag and dialled.
    • 1900,Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, inThe House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.:Houghton, Mifflin and Company [],→OCLC:
      The girl stooped topluck a rose, and as she bent over it, her profile was clearly outlined.
    • 2020 December 2, Andy Byford talks to Paul Clifton, “I enjoy really big challenges...”, inRail, page53:
      "I want to bring that date forward. You only get one shot at this, and if Ipluck a date from the air, you will judge me by it. So, until I am certain, I'm sticking with the previous date. [...].
  2. (transitive) Totake orremove (someone)quickly from a particularplace orsituation.
    • 1937, Labour Party (Great Britain),Report of the Annual Conference (volumes 37-40, page 281)
      First of all, he says a lot of the promotions from the ranks are promotions of the sons of officers who have gone wrong , or got "plucked," or what not, and who are brought up again along another road for commissioned rank.
    • 1994,Tom Clancy,Armored Cav: A Guided Tour of an Armored Cavalry Regiment, New York:Berkley Books,→ISBN, page281:
      The hardest mission fell to the tanker aircraft, decidedly unglamorous birds, mainly flown by Air Force Reserve crews—most of themplucked from their airline jobs—so rapidly called into service that FAA rules for crew rest time on domestic airlines were quietly violated for the next several weeks.
  3. (transitive, music) To play (a singlestring on amusical instrument) bypulling and thenreleasing it, such as on aguitar.
    Whereas a piano strikes the string, a harpsichordplucks it.
  4. (transitive) Toremovefeathers from (abird).
    Synonym:defeather
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., [],→OCLC:
      Molly the dairymaid came a little way from the rickyard, and said she wouldpluck the pigeon that very night after work. She was always ready to do anything for us boys; and we could never quite make out why they scolded her so for an idle hussy indoors. It seemed so unjust.
  5. (transitive, now rare) Torob, steal from; tocheat orswindle (someone).
    • 1796,Mary Wollstonecraft,Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, Oxford, published2009, page64:
      Indeed they seem to consider foreigners as strangers whom they should never see again, and might fairlypluck.
  6. (transitive) Toplay astring instrumentpizzicato.
    Plucking a bow instrument may cause a string to break.
  7. (intransitive) To pull ortwitch sharply.
    topluck at somebody's sleeve
  8. (UK, universityslang, transitive, obsolete) Toreject (a student) after theyfail anexamination for adegree.
    • 1835, Scriblerus Redivivus [pseudonym;Edward Caswall], “Topics Concerning Pluck”, inA New Art Teaching How to be Plucked, [], Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. Vincent,→OCLC,page34:
      For arguing that a man will beplucked take the Topics following: for among men likely to beplucked are these for the most part. He that hath no friends, he that hath many friends; the first because he hath none to put him in the right way; the second, because he hath many to draw him therefrom.
    • 1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym;Charlotte Brontë],Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. [], volume(please specify |volume=I to III), London:Smith, Elder, and Co., [],→OCLC:
      He went to college, and he got—plucked, I think they call it: and then his uncles wanted him to be a barrister, and study the law[]
    • 1848 November –1850 December,William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XX, inThe History of Pendennis. [], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:Bradbury and Evans, [], published1849–1850,→OCLC:
      Let us hide our heads, and shut up the page. The lists came out; and a dreadful rumour rushed through the university, that Pendennis of Boniface wasplucked.
    • 1850, [Charles Kingsley],Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet. [], volume(please specify |volume=I or II), London:Chapman and Hall, [],→OCLC:
      He had been a medical student, and gotplucked, his foes declared, in his examination.
    • 1863,Charles Reade,Hard Cash:
      "Well, the gooseberry pie is really too deep for me: but 'ploughed' is the new Oxfordish for 'plucked.' O mamma, have you forgotten that? 'Plucked' was vulgar, so now they are 'ploughed.' 'For smalls; but I hope I shall not be, to vex you and Puss.'"
    • 1884 May 8,William Stubbs, “XVII. A Last Statutory Public Lecture”, inSeventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, published1887,page440:
      I trust that I have neverplucked a candidate in the Schools without giving him every opportunity of setting himself right.
  9. Of aglacier: totransport individual pieces ofbedrock by means of gradualerosion through freezing and thawing.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to pull something sharply; to pull something out
music: to play a single string by pulling and then releasing it
to remove feathers from a bird
to rob, steal forcibly
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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pluck (countable anduncountable,pluralplucks)

  1. An instance of plucking or pulling sharply.
    Those tiny birds are hardly worth the tediouspluck.
    • 2006, Tom Cunliffe,Complete Yachtmaster, page40:
      If you find yourself in this position, there is nothing for it but to haul out using external assistance. This may be from a friend who will give you apluck off the wall, or you may be able to manage from your own resources.
  2. Thelungs,heart withtrachea and oftenoesophagus removed fromslaughtered animals.
  3. (informal, figurative, uncountable) Guts,nerve,fortitude orpersistence.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:courage
    He didn't get far with the attempt, but you have to admire hispluck.
  4. (African-American Vernacular, slang, uncountable) Cheap wine.
    Synonym:plonk

Derived terms

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Translations

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instance of plucking
offal from the trunk of an animal
nerve, fortitude, persistence
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “pluck”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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