1776,Edward Gibbon,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, page21:
Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidablepilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.
2011,Ben Aaronovitch,Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, page371:
Verica plucked apilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.
^De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pīnsō, -ere”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages466-7
“pilum”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“pilum”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"pilum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[1], London:Macmillan and Co.
(ambiguous) to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword:omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere
“pilum”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“pilum”, inWilliam Smith et al., editor (1890),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
