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period

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishperiode, fromMiddle Frenchperiode, fromMedieval Latinperiodus, fromAncient Greekπερίοδος(períodos,circuit, an interval of time, path around), fromπερι-(peri-,around) +ὁδός(hodós,way). Displaced nativeMiddle Englishtide(interval, period, season), fromOld Englishtīd(time, period, season), as well asMiddle Englishelde(age, period), fromOld Englishieldu(age, period of time).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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period (pluralperiods)

  1. Alength oftime.[from 17th c.]
    There was aperiod of confusion following the announcement.
    You'll be on probation for a six-monthperiod.
  2. A length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity; anepoch,era.[from 16th c.]
    Food rationing continued in the post-warperiod.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at thisperiod of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.
  3. (now chiefly Canada,US, Philippines) Thepunctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of asentence or marking anabbreviation).
    • 2002,Zadie Smith,The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page299:
      ‘You know, aperiod? The black spot at the end of a sentence — what do you call them over there?’
  4. (figurative) A decisive end to something; a stop.
  5. The length of time during which the same characteristics of aperiodicphenomenonrecur, such as the repetition of awave or therotation of aplanet.[from 17th c.]
  6. (euphemistic) Femalemenstruation; an episode of this.[from 18th c.]
    When she is on herperiod, she prefers not to go swimming.
    1. The set ofsymptomsassociated with menstruation, even if not accompanied by menstruation; an episode of these symptoms.
  7. A section of an artist's, writer's (etc.) career distinguished by a given quality, preoccupation etc.[from 19th c.]
    This is one of the last paintings Picasso created during his BluePeriod.
  8. Each of the divisions into which aschool day is split, allocated to a given subject or activity.[from 19th c.]
    I have math class in secondperiod.
  9. (sports, chiefly ice hockey) Each of the intervals, typically three, of which a game is divided.[from 19th c.]
    Gretzky scored in the last minute of the secondperiod.
  10. (sports, chiefly ice hockey) One or more additional intervals to decide a tied game, anovertime period.
    They won in the first overtimeperiod.
  11. (obsolete, medicine) The length of time for adisease to run its course.[15th–19th c.]
  12. (archaic) Anend orconclusion; the final point of a process, a state, an event, etc.[from 16th c.]
    • 1590,Robert Greene, “The Shepheards Tale”, inGreenes Mourning Garment[1], London: Thomas Newman, page17:
      As thus all gazed on hir, so she glaunced hir lookes on all, surueying them as curiously, as they noted hir exactly, but at last she set downe herperiod on the face ofAlexis[]
    • 1591 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, []”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene i]:
      And if my death might make this island happy,
      And prove theperiod of their tyranny,
      I would expend it with all willingness:
    • c.1597 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene iii],page58, column 1:
      Why now let me die, for I haue liu'd long enough : This is theperiod of my ambition : O this bleſſed houre.
    • 1603,Michel de Montaigne, chapter 3, inJohn Florio, transl.,The Essayes [], book II, London: [] Val[entine] Simmes forEdward Blount [],→OCLC,page203:
      All comes to oneperiod, whether man make an end of himſelfe, or whether he endure-it [].
    • 1629,John Beaumont, “A Description of Love”, inBosworth-field with a Taste of the Variety of Other Poems[2], London: Henry Seile, page100:
      When Loue thus in his Center ends,
      Desire and Hope, his inward friends
      Are shaken off: while Doubt and Griefe,
      The weakest giuers of reliefe,
      Stand in his councell as the chiefe:
      And now he to hisperiod brought,
      From Loue becomes some other thought.
    • 1651,William Cartwright,The Ordinary[3], London: Humphrey Moseley, act III, scene 5, page51:
      Set up an hour-glasse; hee’l go on untill
      The last sand make hisPeriod.
    • a.1667,Jeremy Taylor, “Advent Sunday Dooms-Day Book: Or, Christ’s Advent to Judgement”, inἘνιαυτος: A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays Of the Year, London: R. Norton, published1673,page 8:
      []and yet this is but the ἀρχή ὠδίνων, the Beginning of those evils which shall never End till eternity hath aperiod[]
    • 1667,John Milton, “Book X”, inParadise Lost. [], London: [] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker [];[a]nd by Robert Boulter [];[a]nd Matthias Walker, [],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: [], London: Basil Montagu Pickering [],1873,→OCLC, lines1537–1539:
      So ſpake th’ ArchangelMichael, then paus’d, / As at the Worlds greatperiod ; and our Sire / Replete with joy and wonder thus repli’d.
  13. (rhetoric) A completesentence, especially one expressing a single thought or making a balanced, rhythmic whole.[from 16th c.]
  14. (obsolete) A specificmoment during a given process; apoint, astage.[17th–19th c.]
    • 1720, Alexander Pope, translating Homer,Iliad, Book IV (note 125):
      The Death of Patroclus was the most eminentPeriod; and consequently the most proper Time for such Games.
  15. (chemistry) Arow in theperiodic table of the elements.[from 19th c.]
  16. (geology) Ageochronologicunit ofmillions totens of millions ofyears; asubdivision of anera, andsubdivided intoepochs.
    These fossils are from the Jurassicperiod.
  17. (genetics) ADrosophilagene, thegene product of which is involved inregulation of thecircadian rhythm.
  18. (music) Twophrases (anantecedent and aconsequent phrase).
  19. (mathematics) Thelength of aninterval over which aperiodic function, periodicsequence orrepeating decimal repeats; often the least such length.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) oflength of time of recurrence of a periodic phenomenon):frequency

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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a length of time
length of time for a disease to run its course
end or conclusion; final point of a process
history: period of time seen as coherent entity
rhetoric: complete sentence
punctation mark “.”
length of time during which something repeats
specific moment during a process
menstruationseemenstruation
section of an artist's career
division of school day
division of sports match
chemistry: row in the periodic table
geochronologic unit
genetics: type of gene
music: two phrases
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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period (notcomparable)

  1. Designating anything from a givenhistorical era.(Can we add anexample for this sense?)
    aperiod car
    aperiod TV commercial
  2. Evoking, or appropriate for, a particular historical period, especially through the use of elaborate costumes and scenery.
    aperiod piece
    • 2004, Mark Singer,Somewhere in America, Houghton Mifflin, page70:
      As the guests arrived — there were about a hundred, a majority inperiod attire — I began to feel out of place in my beige summer suit, white shirt, and red necktie. Then I got over it. I certainly didn't suffer from Confederate-uniform envy.

Translations

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Adjective

Interjection

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period

  1. (chiefly Canada,US) That's final; that's the end of the matter (analogous to a period ending a sentence);end of story.
    I know you don't want to go to the dentist, but your teeth need to be checked,period!

Synonyms

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Translations

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Interjection

See also

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  • (symbol).

Punctuation

Further reading

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Verb

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period (third-person singular simple presentperiods,present participleperioding,simple past and past participleperioded)

  1. (obsolete, intransitive) To come to a period; toconclude.
    • 1623, Owen Feltham,Resolves: Divine, Moral, Political:
      For you mayperiod upon this, that where there is the most pity for others, there is the greatest misery in the party pitied.
  2. (obsolete, transitive, rare) To put an end to.
  3. (colloquial) Tomenstruate; toexcretemenstrualblood.

Anagrams

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Polish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromLatinperiodus,Ancient Greekπερίοδος(períodos).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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period inan

  1. (literary)period(a length of time)
    Synonym:okres
  2. (literary)period(a period of time in history seen as a single coherent entity)
    Synonym:okres
  3. (literary)period(the length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur)
    Synonym:okres
  4. (physiology)period(female menstruation)
    Synonyms:ciota,ciotka,menstruacja,miesiączka,okres
  5. (rhetoric)period(full sentence)
    Synonym:okres

Declension

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Declension ofperiod
singularplural
nominativeperiodperiody
genitiveperioduperiodów
dativeperiodowiperiodom
accusativeperiodperiody
instrumentalperiodemperiodami
locativeperiodzieperiodach
vocativeperiodzieperiody

Derived terms

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adjectives
adverb
nouns
verbs

Further reading

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  • period inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • period in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Noun

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period n (pluralperioade)

  1. Alternative form ofperioadă

Declension

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Declension ofperiod
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativeperiodperiodulperioadeperioadele
genitive-dativeperiodperioduluiperioadeperioadelor
vocativeperioduleperioadelor

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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FromLatinperiodus, fromAncient Greekπερίοδος(períodos).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /perǐod/
  • Hyphenation:pe‧ri‧od

Noun

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perìod m (Cyrillic spellingперѝод)

  1. period (of time)

Declension

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Declension ofperiod
singularplural
nominativeperiodperiodi
genitiveperiodaperioda
dativeperioduperiodima
accusativeperiodperiode
vocativeperiodeperiodi
locativeperioduperiodima
instrumentalperiodomperiodima

References

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  • period”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Swedish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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period c

  1. aperiod, a limited amount of time
  2. (ice hockey, floorball)period

Declension

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Declension ofperiod
nominativegenitive
singularindefiniteperiodperiods
definiteperiodenperiodens
pluralindefiniteperioderperioders
definiteperiodernaperiodernas
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