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particle

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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 Particle (physics) on Wikipedia
 Particle (ecology) on Wikipedia
 Grammatical particle on Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Frenchparticule, and its source,Latinparticula(“small part, particle”), diminutive ofpars(“part, piece”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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particle (pluralparticles)

  1. A very small piece of matter, afragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something.[from 14th c.]
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:piece
  2. (physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of anatom; anelementary particle orsubatomic particle.[from 19th c.]
    • 2011,Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw,The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane, published2011, page55:
      What, he asked himself, does quantum theory have to say about the familiar properties ofparticles such as position?
    • 2012 March-April,Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, inAmerican Scientist‎[1], volume100, number 2, page146:
      The physics of elementaryparticles in the 20th century was distinguished by the observation ofparticles whose existence had been predicted by theorists sometimes decades earlier.
  3. (linguistics) Apart of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often agrammatical category: for example, the English wordto in afull infinitive phrase (to eat) orO in avocative phrase (O Canada), or as adiscourse marker (mmm).
    Synonym:p-word
    • 1965 June 4, Shigeyuki Kuroda, “Generative grammatical studies in the Japanese language”, inDSpace@MIT‎[2], retrieved2014-02-24, page38:
      In English there is no grammatical device to differentiate predicational judgments from nonpredicational descriptions. This distinction does cast a shadow on the grammatical sphere to some extent, but recognition of it must generally be made in semantic terms. It is maintained here that in Japanese, on the other hand, the distinction is grammatically realized through the use of the twoparticleswa andga.
    • 1988, Andrew Radford,Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page133:
      Traditional grammar typically recognises a number of further categories: for example, in hisReference Book of Terms in Traditional Grammar for Language Students, Simpson (1982) posits two additional word-level categories which he refers to asParticle, andConjunction.Particles include the italicised words {...}
      (a) He put his haton
      (b) If you pull too hard, the handle will comeoff
      (c) He was leaning too far over the side, and fellout
      (d) He wentup to see the manager
  4. (linguistics) A part of speech which cannot beinflected.
    • 1844, E. A. Andrews:First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. (6th edition, Boston), p.91 (at books.google)
      322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name ofparticles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
    • 1894 (2008), B. L. Gildersleeve & G. Lodge:Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (reprint of the 3rd edition by Dover, 2008), p.9. (at books.google)
      The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and theParticles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]
  5. (Christianity) In theRoman Catholic church, acrumb ofconsecratedbread; also the smaller breads used in thecommunion of thelaity.
  6. A little bit.
    Synonyms:atom,molecule;see alsoThesaurus:modicum
    • 1952, E.B. White,Charlotte's Web, page89:
      "That doesn't make aparticle of difference", replied Charlotte. "Not aparticle."

Hyponyms

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linguistics
particle physics

Derived terms

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unsorted - some may also be hyponym

Related terms

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Translations

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body with very small size
physical object making up the constituent parts of an atom
word that does not obviously belong to any particular part of speech
part of speech that cannot be inflected
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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Anagrams

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