(medicine) Awoman who has given birth or broughtpregnancies to viable gestational age a certain number of times, indicated by the numberprepended to this word.
2010, Shelley Lynn Tremain, editor,Foucault and the Government of Disability:
The problems that maleparas encounter in relation to bladder management pale in significance when placed alongside the problems with bladder management that female paraplegics experience. For womenparas, attempts are made to train the bladder to empty itself at regular intervals; however, accidents do happen.
“para”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved2023-07-03
In spoken language this preposition frequently contracts with the next word, especially with articles and pronouns, but today these contraction are not usually represented in the written language.
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “para”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
parafa andparatölgy in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
1) obsolete *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) **) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka? or-kä? to thegenitive.
Para arebivir el Ladino en el siekolo 21 es menester profitar de lo dijital para dokumentar i ambezar esta lingua en perikolo de ekstinsyon.
In order to revive Ladino in the twenty first century it is necessary to take advantage of digital technology to document and learn this endangered language.
"para", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
"para", inWilliam Smith, editor (1848),A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
Kelly Harper Berkson, Amanda Bohnert, Sui Hnem Par (2022) “Consonant Sounds in Hnaring Lutuv”, inIndiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures[6], volume 3, number 1
1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century],Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności[8],[9],[10], volume XXIII, page270:
1912-1930 [1447],Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page156:
Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tharling pannorum coltryskych, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par *puolstuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tharling staminorum vlg. *puolstuczkow coltryskych dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quodpar *puolstuczkuow per XII florenos Vngaricales
[Ego Petrus obligo me sibi (sc. Andree) solucionem facere..., videlicet vnum tarlink pannorum koltryskich, in quo fieri debent XL-ta media stamina et quodlibet paria uel stamen integrum debet percipere a me per XII florenos Vngaricales vlg. par połusztuczkow... Ego Petrus... promitto... Andree... secundum tarlink staminorum vlg. połusztuczkow koltryskich dare... sine omni dilatione..., videlicet quodpar połusztuczk[u]ow per XII florenos Vngaricales]
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “para I-II”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
Mańczak, Witold (2017) “para I-II”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “para 1-2”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “para”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “para”, inRozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków:Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
c.500 AD, Kaccāyana,Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][11] (overall work in Pali), page252; republished asSatish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor,Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society,1901:
सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधानेपरो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसुपरो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāneparo puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsuparo puriso yojetabbo.
With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression,the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. Thelast person is to be applied thus for other endings.
c.500 AD, Kaccāyana,Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][12] (overall work in Pali), page291; republished asSatish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor,Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society,1901:
6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccayepare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.
Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va' Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va'next to the ending 'ya'. Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),para is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 43 times in scientific texts, 13 times in news, 4 times in essays, 16 times in fiction, and 11 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 87 times, making it the 733rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990) “para”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page356
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. para”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. para”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
Paweł Kupiszewski (08.04.2014) “PARA”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
Some senses ofpara, such as 'in order to', introduce a subordinate clause. When this clause begins with a personal pronoun, some Brazilian speakers use a prepositional pronoun instead of a nominative one:
Comprei um bolo para mim comer.
I bought a cake for me to eat.
Instead of the standard:
Comprei um bolo para eu comer.
Literally,“I-bought a cake for I to-eat.”
Such usage is strongly proscribed, sinceeu(“I”) is used as the subject of sentences (it performs the action), andmim(“me”,prepositional), as the object of prepositions.
Para + definite article contractions are colloquial. Those withoutr are nonstandard:
Julio Salinardi,Córdoba y Traslasierra: integración y disgregación (2006): Con respecto a la lengua sanavirona, hay algunas palabras cuyo significado es seguro, tales comon sacat (pueblo), charaba (cacique), para (agua) y mampa (acequia).
Čestmír Loukotka, Johannes Wilbert (editor),Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 48
This word is now usually seen asparang, except when an enclitic is used which separatespara and-ng, although this could be ignored also and have the enclitic after the wordparang modifies.
Parang...Parang aso siya.
It looks like... It looks like a dog.
(instead ofPara siyang aso.)
This word may appear asparang alone. For example, when agreeing with someone that it actually looks like a dog, you reply withparang “It seems so”, orparang nga “It actually looks like one”.
This word used to be used liketulad orgaya, it used genitive case (ng,mo, etc.) instead of the linker-ng. Seen in theLord's Prayer (Ama Namin), which is still preserved today. The Lord's Prayer spellsng asnang.
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “parhau”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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