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os

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "os"
Languages (40)
Translingual • English
Afrikaans • Aragonese • Aromanian • Catalan • Danish • Daur • Dutch • Fala • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Iberian • Irish • Istro-Romanian • Latin • Middle English • Middle French • Middle Low German • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Old Saxon • Polish • Portuguese • Romagnol • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Slovincian • Spanish • Swedish • Volapük • Welsh • White Hmong
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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os

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forOssetian.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromLatinos(a bone).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (pluralossa)

  1. (anatomy)Synonym ofbone.
    • 1749,Henry Fielding, “Containing the great Address of the Landlady; the great Learning of a Surgeon, and the solid Skill in Casuistry of the worthy Lieutenant”, inThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London:A[ndrew] Millar, [],→OCLC, book VII,page109:
      I was once, I remember, called to a Patient, who had received a violent Contuſion in his Tibia, by which the exterior Cutis was lacerated, ſo that there was a profuſe ſanguinary Diſcharge; and the interior Membranes were ſo divellicated, that theOs or Bone very plainly appeared through the Aperture of the Vulnus or Wound.
Usage notes
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Used in anatomical terminology (e.g.,Terminologia Anatomica) and sometimes by doctors and surgeons in practice, but seldom used by medicallaypeople.

Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Translations

Etymology 2

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Unadapted borrowing fromLatinōs(the mouth).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (pluralora)

  1. (anatomy, sometimes botany) Anopening orentrance to apassage, particularly one at either end of thecervix,internal (to theuterus) orexternal (to thevagina).
    Synonym:orifice
    • 1891, Texas Medical Association,Transactions, volume23, page175:
      The instrument closed, as seen in Fig. 1, is then passed along the finger to theos, in and through the cervix up to the fundus of the uterus, which may be determined both by the distance and the resistance to the broad rounded head of the Capiat.
    • 2009 July 6, Armen Takhtajan,Flowering Plants, Springer Science & Business Media,→ISBN:
      [] monocolpate (“unisulcate”) pollen grains still have a continuous aperture membrane devoid of special openings (ora) in the exine for the emergence of the pollen tube.
Translations
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external end of the cervix

Etymology 3

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Borrowed fromSwedishås.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os (pluralosar)

  1. Anosar oresker.

Etymology 4

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Fromo +‎-s.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os

  1. (rare)Alternative form ofo's.

References

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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutchos.

Noun

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os (pluralosse,diminutiveossie)

  1. ox(castratedbull)

Derived terms

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Aragonese

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*lōs, fromLatinillōs.

Pronunciation

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Article

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os pl

  1. the
    Os lugars d'Aragón
    The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

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  • The formlos, either pronounced aslos or asros, can be found after words ending with-o.
  • Some dialects use the formels, often shortened toes.

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinossum, fromos. CompareRomanianos.

Noun

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os n (pluraloasioroase)

  1. bone

Derived terms

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Catalan

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Catalanos, fromLatinossum, non-standard variant ofos.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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os m (pluralossos)

  1. bone
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Etymology 2

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l'ós bruthe brownbear
    Etymology tree
    Proto-Italic*orssos
    Latinursus
    Catalanos

    Inherited fromLatinursus, fromProto-Italic*orssos. CompareFrenchours,Occitanors,Spanishoso.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os m (pluralossos,feminineossa)

    1. bear(mammal)
    Derived terms
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    specific species of bear
    other non-ursine mammals
    other terms
    Related terms
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    Further reading

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    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os

    1. plural ofo(the letter O)

    Danish

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Norseoss(us).

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    os

    1. us,objective ofvi
    2. (reflexive pronoun)ourselves
    3. (pluralis majestatis)ourself
    See also
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    Danish personal pronouns
    NumberPersonTypeNominativeObliquePossessive
    commonneuterplural
    SingularFirstjegmigminmitmine
    Secondmodern /informaldudigdinditdine
    formal (uncommon)DeDemDeres
    Thirdmasculine (person)hanhamhans
    feminine (person)hunhendehendes
    common (noun)dendens
    neuter (noun)detdets
    indefinitemanenens
    reflexivesigsinsitsine
    PluralFirstmodernviosvores
    archaic /formalvorvortvore
    SecondIjerjeres
    Thirddedemderes
    reflexivesig

    Etymology 2

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    Disputed.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os c (singular definiteosen,not used in plural form)

    1. smoke
    2. reek
    3. fug

    Verb

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    os

    1. imperative ofose

    Daur

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    Etymology

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    FromProto-Mongolic*usun. CompareMongolianус(us).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os

    1. water
      Enosii ter nyadem waagw tunpund suree.
      Please pourwater into that washbowl.

    References

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    • Henry G. Schwarz,The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Dauros

    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    FromMiddle Dutchosse, fromOld Dutch*osso, earlier*ohso, fromProto-Germanic*uhsô.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os m (pluralossen,diminutiveosje n)

    1. ox(castratedbull)

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Afrikaans:os
    • Negerhollands:os

    Further reading

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    • os” inWoordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

    Fala

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    Alternative forms

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    • us(Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

    Etymology

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    FromOld Galician-Portugueseos, fromLatinillōs.

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    os pl (singularo,femininea,feminine pluralas)

    1. (Mañegu)Masculine plural definite article;the
      • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
        En esti territorio se han assentau, enos anus que se indican,os habitantis siguientis:
        In this territory there were living, inthe years specified,the following (amount of) inhabitants:

    Pronoun

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    os

    1. (Mañegu)Third person plural masculine accusative pronoun;them

    See also

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    Fala personal pronouns
    nominativedativeaccusativedisjunctive
    singularfirst personeime,-mimi
    second personte,-titi
    third
    person
    melle,-liuLV,oMel
    felaaela
    pluralfirst
    person
    commonnosmusL
    nusLV
    nos,-nusM
    nos
    mnoshotrusMnoshotrusM
    fnoshotrasMnoshotrasM
    second
    person
    commonvosvusLV
    vos,-vusM
    vos
    mvoshotrusMvoshotrusM
    fvoshotrasMvoshotrasM
    third
    person
    melisle,-liusLV,osMelis
    felasaselas
    third person reflexivese,-si

    Dialects: L Lagarteiru  M Mañegu  V Valverdeñu

    References

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    • Valeš, Miroslav (2021)Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[3], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN

    French

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromMiddle Frenchos, fromOld Frenchos, fromLatinossum, popular variant ofos,ossis, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(bone),*h₂óst.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os m (pluralos)

    1. bone
      Le chien a enterré unos.
      The dog buried abone.
    2. (informal)snag,hitch
      Synonyms:hic,accroc,anicroche
      Il y a unos.(please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Anagrams

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    Galician

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Galician-Portugueseos, fromVulgar Latin*los, fromLatinillōs, accusative plural ofille(that).

    Pronunciation

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    Article

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    os pl (masculine singularo,feminine singulara,feminine pluralas)

    1. (definite)the
      Libros que encerranos fondos secretos da cencia.
      Books that containthe secret treasures of science.
    Usage notes
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    The definite articleo (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositionsa(to),con(with),de(of, from), anden(in). For example,con os ("with the") contracts tocos, anden os ("in the") contracts tonos.

    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Pronoun

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    os

    1. accusative ofeles
    See also
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    Galician articles
    SingularPlural
    MasculineFeminineMasculineFeminine
    Definite articles
    (the)
    oaosas
    Indefinite articles
    (a,an,some)
    ununhaunsunhas

    Further reading

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    Guinea-Bissau Creole

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    Etymology

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    FromPortugueseosso. Cognate withKabuverdianuosu.

    Noun

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    os

    1. bone

    Iberian

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    Etymology

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    Can be compared toProto-Basque*oso(whole, complete) and toBasqueoso.

    Adjective

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    os

    1. whole
    2. great

    References

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    • Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

    Irish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Irishoss, fromProto-Celtic*uxsū, fromProto-Indo-European*uksḗn(bull).

    Noun

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    os m (genitive singularois,nominative pluralois)

    1. (literary)deer
      Synonym:fia
    Declension
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    Declension ofos (first declension)
    bare forms
    singularplural
    nominativeosois
    vocativeaoisaosa
    genitiveoisos
    dativeosois
    forms with thedefinite article
    singularplural
    nominativeant-osnahois
    genitiveanoisnan-os
    dativeleis anos
    donos
    leis nahois
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    FromOld Irishúas,ós, fromProto-Celtic*ouxsos, fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ewps-.

    Preposition

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    os (plus dative,triggers no mutation)

    1. over,above
    Derived terms
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    Mutation

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    Mutated forms ofos
    radicaleclipsiswithh-prothesiswitht-prothesis
    osn-oshost-os

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

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    • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “os”, inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
    • os”, inNew English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge,2013-2025

    Istro-Romanian

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    Etymology

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    FromLatinossum, fromos.

    Noun

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    os n (pluralose,definite singularosu,definite pluralosele)

    1. bone

    Latin

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    Picture dictionary

    Click on labels in the image.

    Etymology 1

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    ōs mulieris (mouth of a woman)

    FromProto-Italic*ōs, fromProto-Indo-European*h₃éh₁os. Cognates includeHittite𒀀𒄿𒅖(aiš),Sanskritआस्(ās),Old Irishá,Old Englishōr.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    ōs n (genitiveōris);third declension

    1. mouth
      Synonym:bucca
      Hyponyms:buccula,ōsculum
      • 8CE – 12CE,Ovid,Sorrows1.2.35–36:
        opprimet hanc animam flūctūs, frūstrāque precantī
        ōre necātūrās accipiēmus aquās
        Waves will crush this life, and just as I am uselessly praying,by mouth we will swallow waters soon to destroy us.
        (The poet laments his storm-tossed sea voyage to exile.)
      • Genesis,Vulgate 8.11:
        at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis inore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram
        But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in itsmouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to an end.
    2. (transferred sense)(in general)head orface
      Synonym:caput
      Synonyms:(Vulgar Latin)cara,faciēs,frōns,vultus
      adaliquemoraconvertereto turn the head or face towards someone
    3. (transferred sense)(in general)facialfeatures,countenance,appearance
      • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.328–329:
        “[...] Sī quis mihi parvulus aulā / lūderet Aenēās, quī tē tamenōre referret, [...].”
        “If [only] for me someone were playing in the hall – a little Aeneas – who, although [lizards were gone], would recall lizardsby hisappearance, [...].”
    4. (poetic)speech
      • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid2.423:
        [] primi clipeos mentitaque tela / adgnoscunt, atqueora sono discordia signant.
        • 1697 translation byJohn Dryden
          They first observe, and to the rest betray, / Our diff'rentspeech; our borrow'd arms survey.
    5. mouth,lips,opening,entrance,aperture,orifice
      • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.659–660:
        Dīxit etōs impressa torō, [...] / ait [...].
        [Dido] spoke and, having pressed herlips upon the bed, cried out: [...].
        (Although many translations have Dido bury her “face” in the “couch,” still others convey the symbolism of a farewell kiss. See: Fitzgerald, 1981: “And here she kissed the bed”; Ruden, 2021: “She kissed the bed”.)
    6. beak of aship
    7. edge of asword
    This entry needsquotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting,durably archived quotes then please add them!
    Inflection
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    Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

    singularplural
    nominativeōsōra
    genitiveōrisōrum
    dativeōrīōribus
    accusativeōsōra
    ablativeōreōribus
    vocativeōsōra
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • English:os

    Etymology 2

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    ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

    FromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(bone),*h₂óst. Cognates includeAncient Greekὀστέον(ostéon),Sanskritअस्थि(asthi) andOld Armenianոսկր(oskr).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    os n (genitiveossis);third declension

    1. (literal, anatomy)bone
    2. (figurative)bone as a metaphor for something deep within the body or frame, one’s innermost being or feeling, a generalized physical presence more than a specific anatomical location
      • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.100-101:
        “[...] Habēs tōtā quod mente petīstī:
        ārdet amāns Dīdō, trāxitque perossa furōrem.”
        [Juno says to Venus:] “You have what you sought with all your heart: Dido burns [with] love, and it has drawn the passion through herbones.”
      • Anonymous,Regula Magistri :
        ipsorum ore respondent se lassis post viamossibus non posse de lecto surgere
        By the same mouth they respond that, due to their wearybones after travel, it is not possible to arise from bed.
      1. (transferred sense)hard orinnermost part oftrees orfruits;heartwood
    3. (figurative)bones,framework oroutline of adiscourse
    This entry needsquotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting,durably archived quotes then please add them!
    Inflection
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    Third-declension noun (neuter, i-stem).

    singularplural
    nominativeosossa
    genitiveossisossium
    dativeossīossibus
    accusativeosossa
    ablativeosseossibus
    vocativeosossa
    Derived terms
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    Related terms
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    Descendants
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    Descendants

    References

    [edit]
    • "ōs", inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • "ŏs", inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • "ōs", inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • "os", inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • os inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page1095.
    • "os", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[4], London:Macmillan and Co.
      • to praise a man to his face:aliquem coram, in os orpraesentem laudare
      • to be in every one's mouth:in ore omnium oromnibus (hominum orhominibus, but onlymihi, tibi, etc.)esse
      • to harp on a thing, be always talking of it:in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5)
      • physics; natural philosophy:physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119);philosophia naturalis
      • logic, dialectic:dialectica (-ae or-orum) (pure Latindisserendi ratio et scientia)
      • all agree on this point:omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt
      • unanimously:una voce; uno ore
      • mathematics:mathematica (-ae) orgeometria (-ae),geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57)
      • arithmetic:arithmetica (-orum)
      • arithmetic:numeri (-orum)
      • no word escaped him:nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simplyei)
      • maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word):favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε
      • to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation:in eum sermonemincidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore
      • (ambiguous) to draw every one's eyes upon one:omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere
      • (ambiguous) to be in every one's mouth:per omnium ora ferri
      • (ambiguous) to be a subject for gossip:in ora vulgi abire
    • Dizionario Latino italiano, Olivetti

    Middle English

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    Pronoun

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    os

    1. Alternative form ofus

    Middle French

    [edit]

    Etymology

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    Inherited fromOld Frenchos, fromLatinossum, popular variant ofos,ossis, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(bone),*h₂óst.

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m (pluralos)

    1. bone

    Descendants

    [edit]

    Middle Low German

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    ös

    1. (personal pronoun, dative, accusative)Alternative form ofuns.

    Norwegian Nynorsk

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromOld Norseóss. Same asLatinos.

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m orn (definite singularosenoroset,indefinite pluralosaroros,definite pluralosaneorosa)

    1. anoutlet,estuary, river mouth (where a river runs out of a lake, or enters a lake or the ocean)

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Unknown.

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m (definite singularosen,indefinite pluralosar,definite pluralosane)

    1. tofume,smoke
    2. toreek,malodorousness
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    os

    1. obsolete spelling ofoss.
      • 1770,Edvard Storm, “Guten aa Jenta paa Fjøshjellen”, inDen fyrste morgonblånen, Oslo: Novus, published1990, page233:
        Dæmæ vendaos aat Bygden
        thuswe turn towards the village

    Etymology 4

    [edit]

    Verb

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    os

    1. pasttense ofase
    2. imperative ofose

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • “os” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
    • “os”, inNorsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016

    Old Czech

    [edit]

    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*osь.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os f

    1. axis,shaft
      • 15th century,Alexandreida, zlomek svatovítský:
        Tu kořist vzkladú na koně,
        každý kóň pojide stóně.
        Vztřěštěchuosi i kola,
        nebo jim kořist odola.
        They put the booty on the horses,
        every horse rode moaning.
        Theshafts as well as wheels cracked
        because the booty overpowered them.

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofos (i-stem)
    singulardualplural
    nominativeososiosi
    genitiveosiośúosí
    dativeosiosmaosem
    accusativeososiosi
    vocativeosiosiosi
    locativeosiośúosech
    instrumentalośúosmaosmi
    This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
    See alsoAppendix:Old Czech nouns andAppendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

    Descendants

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Old English

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From earliest Old English*ons, fromProto-West Germanic*ansu, fromProto-Germanic*ansuz(god, deity), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ems-(engender, beget). Cognate withOld Norseáss.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    ōs m

    1. agod
    2. the runic character (/o/ or/oː/)

    Usage notes

    [edit]
    • The genitive pluralēsa (attested inēsa gescot “the shot of theēse”) and names such asEsegar display i-mutation, despite being a u-stem. This is likely a fossilization from an earlier stage betweenProto-West Germanic*ansu and early Old English*ons, in which i-mutation was applied to the attested declined forms due to the word’s archaic meaning, rather than its active usage.
    • The nominative plural likely had the same process from above applied to it as well, in the form of*ēse.
    • Both i-mutated, and typically-expected forms for each affected declension are provided in the table below:

    Declension

    [edit]

    U-stem, irregular:

    singularplural
    nominativeōs*ēse,*ōsa
    accusativeōs*ōsa
    genitive*ōsaēsa,*ōsa
    dativeēse,*ōsa*ōsum

    Synonyms

    [edit]

    Old French

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromLatinossum, popular variant ofos,ossis, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(bone),*h₂óst.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    osoblique singularm (oblique pluralos,nominative singularos,nominative pluralos)

    1. bone

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • Middle French:os

    Old Irish

    [edit]

    Alternative forms

    [edit]
    • as,es,is(aberrant Würzburg forms)

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Hamp derives this fromProto-Celtic*sonts, plural*sontes (whenceot); ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁sónts.[1] Copular origin explains the use of independent subject pronouns with this conjunction, which otherwise are usually used with the copulais.

    A more traditional theory, assumed by Pedersen and Thurneysen among others, supposes that this is a contraction ofocus(and), with the apparent copular behaviour being analogical.[2]

    Conjunction

    [edit]

    os (third-person pluralot)

    1. disjunctive conjunction

    Usage notes

    [edit]
    • The conjunction takes on the formot when used with the third-person plural pronouné andos elsewhere.

    Descendants

    [edit]
    • Middle Irish:os

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^Hamp, Eric P. (1978) “Varia II”, inÉriu[1], volume29, Royal Irish Academy,→ISSN,→JSTOR, retrievedAugust 27, 2022, pages149–154
    2. ^García Castillero, Carlos (2013) “OLD IRISH TONIC PRONOUNS AS EXTRACLAUSAL CONSTITUENTS”, inÉriu[2], volume63, Royal Irish Academy,→ISSN Invalid ISSN,→JSTOR, pages1–39

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Old Saxon

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m

    1. Alternative form ofas

    Polish

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os f

    1. genitiveplural ofosa
      Synonym:ós

    Portuguese

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromOld Galician-Portugueseos, fromVulgar Latin*los, fromLatinillōs.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     

    • Hyphenation:os

    Article

    [edit]

    os

    1. masculineplural ofo
    Quotations
    [edit]

    For quotations using this term, seeCitations:o.

    See also
    [edit]
    Portuguesearticles
    singularplural
    masculinefemininemasculinefeminine
    definite article
    (the)
    oaosas
    indefinite article
    (a,an;some)
    umumaunsumas

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    os

    1. third-person plural direct objective personal pronoun;them
      Synonyms:(indirect objective)lhes,eles,(prepositional)elas
      Encontrei-os na rua.
      I metthem at the street.
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • Becomes -los after verb forms ending in-r, -s, or-z, the pronounsnos andvos, and the adverbeis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
      Afterver:Posso vê-los?May I see them?
      Afterpôs:Pô-los ali.He put them there.
      Afterfiz:Fi-los ficarem contentes.I made them become happy.
      Afternos:Deu-no-los relutantemente.He gave them to us reluctantly.
      Aftereis:Ei-los!Behold them!
    • Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong:-ão, -am[ɐ̃w̃],-õe[õj̃],-em, -êm[ẽj̃].
      Detêm-nos como prisioneiros.They detain them as prisoners.
    • In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative formeles.
      Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles.I saw them.
    Quotations
    [edit]

    For quotations using this term, seeCitations:os.

    Descendants
    [edit]
    • Ambonese Malay:os
    See also
    [edit]
    Portuguesepersonal pronouns
    numberpersonnominative
    (subject)
    accusative
    (direct object)
    dative
    (indirect object)
    prepositionalprepositional
    withcom
    non-declining
    singularfirsteumemimcomigo
    secondtuteticontigovocê
    o senhorm
    a senhoraf
    thirdmeleo (lo,no)lheelecomeleo mesmo
    felaa (la,na)elacomelaa mesma
    pluralfirstnósnosnósconnosco(Portugal)
    conosco(Brazil)
    a gente
    secondvósvosvósconvosco
    comvós
    vocês
    os senhoresm
    as senhorasf
    thirdmelesos (los,nos)lheselescomelesos mesmos
    felasas (las,nas)elascomelasas mesmas
    reflexive third /
    indefinite
    sesiconsigoo mesmoetc.(reflexive)

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     

    • Hyphenation:os

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m

    1. plural ofo

    Romagnol

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os m (invariable)(Bassa Romagna)

    1. door

    Romanian

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited fromLatinossum, popular variant ofos,ossis, fromProto-Italic*ōs, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ésth₁(bone),*h₂óst.

    CompareCatalanos, Frenchos, Italianosso, Portugueseosso, Sardinianossu, Spanishhueso.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

    Noun

    [edit]

    os n (pluraloase)

    1. bone

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofos
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativeososuloaseoasele
    genitive-dativeososuluioaseoaselor
    vocativeosuleoaselor

    Related terms

    [edit]

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Scottish Gaelic

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromOld Irishós, úas(above, over).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Preposition

    [edit]

    os (+ dative,no mutation)

    1. (obsolete)over,above
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • Now used only in the compounds listed below.
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Eye-dialect spelling ofars.

    Verb

    [edit]

    os

    1. Alternative form ofarsaused before vowels
      "Ial, ial,"os a' chailleach"Ial, ial,"said the old woman

    Serbo-Croatian

    [edit]
    Serbo-CroatianWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediash

    Alternative forms

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*osь.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    ȏs f (Cyrillic spellingо̑с)

    1. (Croatia)axis

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofos
    singularplural
    nominativeȏsȏsi
    genitiveȏsiósī
    dativeosiosima
    accusativeososi
    vocativeosiosi
    locativeosiosima
    instrumentalosiosima

    Slovak

    [edit]
    SlovakWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediask

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*osь.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os f (relational adjectiveosový,diminutiveoskaorosička)

    1. (geometry)axis
    2. axle

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofos (patternkosť)
    singularplural
    nominativeososi
    genitiveosiosí
    dativeosiosiam
    accusativeososi
    locativeosiosiach
    instrumentalosouosami

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • os”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

    Slovene

    [edit]
    SloveneWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediasl

    Etymology

    [edit]

    FromProto-Slavic*osь.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    ọ̑s f

    1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

    Inflection

    [edit]
    Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
    Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
    nom. sing.ós
    gen. sing.osí
    singulardualplural
    nominative
    (imenovȃlnik)
    ósosíosí
    genitive
    (rodȋlnik)
    osíosíosí
    dative
    (dajȃlnik)
    ôsiosémaosém
    accusative
    (tožȋlnik)
    ósosíosí
    locative
    (mẹ̑stnik)
    ôsioséhoséh
    instrumental
    (orọ̑dnik)
    osjóosémaosmí

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • os”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
    • os”, inTermania, Amebis
    • See also thegeneral references

    Slovincian

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Conjunction

    [edit]

    os

    1. and

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Spanish

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Inherited fromLatinvōs(accusative),vōbīs(dative).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    os

    1. (Spain)you, toyou, foryou; dative and accusative ofvosotros

    See also

    [edit]
    Spanish personal pronouns
    nominativedativeaccusativedisjunctive
    first personsingularyome1
    pluralmasculine2nosotrosnosnosotros
    femininenosotrasnosotras
    second personsingulartuteoteti1
    voseovosvos
    formal3ustedle,se4lo/la5usted
    pluralfamiliar6masculine2vosotrososvosotros
    femininevosotrasvosotras
    formal/general3ustedesles,se4los/las5ustedes
    third personsingularmasculine2élle,se4loél
    feminineellalaella
    neuterello7loello
    pluralmasculine2ellosles,se4losellos
    feminineellaslasellas
    reflexivese1
    1. Not used withcon;conmigo,contigo, andconsigo are used instead, respectively
    2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
    3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
    4. Ifle orles precedeslo,la,los, orlas in a clause, it is replaced withse (e.g.,Se lo dije instead ofLe lo dije)
    5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
    6. Used primarily in Spain
    7. Used only in rare circumstances

    Further reading

    [edit]

    Swedish

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Disputed. Possibly related toLatinodor, or alternativelySanskritवास(vāsa,perfume).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os n

    1. (uncountable)fumes,vapors (with a particular odor and slightly suffocating, especially from cooking)
      stekos
      greasy [frying]fumes
    Declension
    [edit]
    Declension ofos
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefiniteosos
    definiteosetosets
    pluralindefinite--
    definite--

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    FromOld Norseóss.

    Noun

    [edit]

    os n

    1. a rivermouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
    2. indefinitegenitivesingular ofo
    Declension
    [edit]
    Declension ofos
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefiniteosos
    definiteosetosets
    pluralindefiniteosos
    definiteosenosens

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]

    Anagrams

    [edit]

    Volapük

    [edit]

    Pronoun

    [edit]

    os

    1. (impersonal pronoun)it

    Welsh

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    o(if) +‎-s(him, her, it, them)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Conjunction

    [edit]

    os

    1. if(used with factual conditionals, i.e., those that are considered likely or plausible)
      Os ydw i’n iawn, yna mae wedi canu arnat ti.
      If I’m right, then you’re done for.

    See also

    [edit]
    • pe(used with counterfactual conditionals)

    White Hmong

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromProto-Hmong-Mien*ʔap(duck),borrowed fromMiddle Chinese (MC 'aep, “duck”).[1]

    Noun

    [edit]

    os(classifier:tus)

    1. aduck

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
    Particularly: “Not mentioned by Ratliff at all. Probably a natural exclamation in the same vein asEnglisheh.”

    Interjection

    [edit]

    os

    1. a final emphatic particle, usually used to express sincerity
      Nyob zoo os.Hello.
      Tuaj os.You've come.
      Noj mov os.Please eat.

    References

    [edit]
    • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979)White Hmong — English Dictionary[6], SEAP Publications,→ISBN, page 4.
    1. ^Ratliff, Martha (2010)Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics,→ISBN, page129; 280.
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=os&oldid=84220508"
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