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office

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Office

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
An office, with a desk, typewriter and clerk. (1939)

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishoffice, fromOld Frenchoffice, fromLatinofficium(“personal,official, ormoralduty;officialposition;function;ceremony,esp.last rites”), contracted fromopificium(“construction: theact ofbuilding or thethingbuilt”),[1] fromopifex(“doer ofwork,craftsman”) +-ium(“-y”,forming actions),[2] fromop-(“work”) +-i-(connective) +-fex(combining form offaciō(“to do, to make”)).[3]The use in reference to office software is a genericization of various proprietary program suites, such asMicrosoft Office.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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office (pluraloffices)

  1. (religion) Aceremonialduty orservice,particularly:
    1. (Christianity) Theauthorizedform ofceremonialworship of achurch.
    2. (Christianity)Anyspecialliturgy, as theOffice for the Dead orof the Virgin.
    3. (Christianity) Adailyservice without theeucharist.
    4. (Catholicism) Thedailyservice of thebreviary, theliturgy foreachcanonical hour,includingpsalms,collects, andlessons.
      In theLatin rite, all bishops, priests, andtransitional deacons are obliged to recite the DivineOffice daily.
      • 1674, Richard Strange,The Life and Gests of S. Thomas Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, page287:
        Hisspirituall exercises were chiefly Prayer, theH. Sacrifice ofMasse, hisCanonicall Houres ordiuineOffice.
    5. (Protestantism)Variousprayersused withmodification as amorning oreveningservice.
    6. (Christianity)Last rites.
    7. (Christianity, obsolete)Mass,(particularly) theintroitsung atitsbeginning.
  2. Aposition ofresponsibility.
    Hypernyms:role;rank
    When theoffice of Secretary of State is vacant, its duties fall upon an official within the department.
    Do not conflate the officeholder with theoffice; the distinction sometimes matters.
  3. Officialposition, particularly highemployment withingovernment;tenure in such a position.
    Hypernyms:role;rank
    She heldoffice as secretary of state until she leftoffice to run foroffice.
  4. Aduty,particularlyowing toone'sposition orstation; acharge,trust, orrole;(obsolete, rare)moral duty.
  5. (archaic)Function:anythingtypicallydone by orexpected ofsomething.
  6. (now usually in plural) Aservice, akindness.
    The secretary prevailed at the negotiations through thegoodoffices of theFreedonian ambassador.
  7. (figuratively, slang)Inside information.
    • 1803,Sporting Magazine, number21, page327:
      Giving theoffice—is when you suffer any person, who may stand behind your chair, to look over your hand.
    • 1925 July –1926 May,A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Where Silas Linden Comes into His Own”, inThe Land of Mist, New York, N.Y.:A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, published1926,→OCLC," [… What is there for me in it?" "Not a shilling." "What? Wasn't it I that gave the information? Where would you have been if I had not given you theoffice?"/mode/1up page " […] What is there for me in it?" "Not a shilling." "What? Wasn't it I that gave the information? Where would you have been if I had not given you theoffice?"]:
  8. Aroom,set ofrooms, orbuildingused fornon-manual work,particularly:
    Theoffice of the Secretary of State is cleaned when it is vacant.
    1. Aroom,set ofrooms, orbuildingused foradministration andbookkeeping.
    2. Aroom,set ofrooms, orbuildingused forsellingservices ortickets to thepublic.
      • 1819 September 22,John Keats, letter to Reynolds:
        There will be some of the family waiting for you at the coach-office.
    3. (chiefly US, medicine) Aroom,set ofrooms, orbuildingused forconsultation anddiagnosis,butnotsurgery orothermajorprocedures.
      • 1975, M. Duke, chapter VIII, inDeath of Holy Murderer, page108:
        This one was made out at a privateoffice—Office is American forSurgery.
  9. (figuratively) Thestaff ofsuchplaces.
    The wholeoffice was there... well, except you, of course.
  10. (figuratively, in large organizations) Theadministrativedepartmentshoused insuchplaces,particularly:
    He's from our public relationsoffice.
    1. (UK, Australia, usually capitalized, with clarifying modifier) Aministry orotherdepartment ofgovernment.
      The secretary of state's British colleague heads the Foreign and CommonwealthOffice.
    2. (Catholicism, usually capitalized)Short forHoly Office: thecourt offinalappeal incases ofheresy.
      • 1642, J. Howell, chapter X, inForraine Travell, page131:
        A Biscayner is capable to be a Cavalier of any of the three habits without any scrutiny to be made of theOffice, whether he be,limpio de lasangre de losMoros, that iscleare of thebloud of theMoores or no.
      • 1658,Pilgrim's Book, page 3:
        Theyabiured their Heresybublikly [sic] before the Commissary of the holyoffice.
    3. Aparticularplace of business of alargerwhite-collarbusiness.
      He worked as the receptionist at the Akronoffice.
      • 1647, W. Bridge,Saints Hiding-place, page17:
        But there is an Insuring-Office set up in the Gospel, as to the venture of our eternities.
      • 1732,Benjamin Franklin,Proposals & Queries to be Asked the Junto:
        Would not anOffice of Insurance for Servants be of Service, and what Methods are proper for the erecting such anOffice?
      • 1815 December (indicated as1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XVII, inEmma: […], volume II, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] forJohn Murray,→OCLC,page324:
        […]there are advertisingoffices, and[…]by applying to them I should have no doubt of very soon meeting with something that would do.
      • 1860 December –1861 August,Charles Dickens, chapter XII, inGreat Expectations […], volume II, London:Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861,→OCLC,page204:
        […]a large Danish sun or star hanging round his neck by a blue ribbon[…]had given him the appearance of being insured in some extraordinary FireOffice.
  11. (now in the plural, dated) Theparts of ahouse orestatedevoted tomanual work andstorage, as thekitchen,scullery,laundry,stables, etc.,particularly(euphemistic, dated) ahouse orestate'sfacilities forurination anddefecation:outhouses orlavatories.
    • 1720, William Willymott translatingFrancis Bacon as "Of Building" inLord Bacons Essays, Vol. I,page 283:
      As for theOffices, let them stand at some Distance from the House, with some low covered Galleries, to pass from them to the Palace it self.
    • 1727,The Grand Mystery:
      ... proposals for erecting 500PublickOffices of Ease in London and Westminster...
    • 1887,Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter III, inA Study in Scarlet:
      A short passage, bare planked and dusty, led to the kitchen andoffices.
    • 1957, Emyr Estyn Evans, chapter VIII, inIrish Folk Ways, page112:
      Only inplanted areas does one find old examples of planned ‘courtyard farms’ where the house andoffices enclose a square or rectangular yard.
    • 1957, John Braine, chapter I, inRoom at Top, page13:
      The bathroom's to the right and theusualoffices next to it.
    • 1980,William Golding, chapter I, inRites of Passage, page 6:
      Aft of the lobby... is the dining saloon for the passengers with theoffices ofnecessity on either side of it.
  12. (UK law, historical)Clipping ofinquest of office:
    • 1768,William Blackstone,Commentaries on the Laws of England, volume III, page259:
      If they find the treason or felony... of the party accused... the king is thereupon, by virtue of thisoffice found,intitled to have his forfeitures.
    • 1977, John McDonald Burke,Jowitt's Dictionary of English Law, volume I, page280:
      If the Crown claimed the land of an idiot, the person had first to be found an idiot byoffice.
  13. (obsolete) Apiece oflandused forhunting; thearea oflandoverseen by agamekeeper.
    • 1617, Nicholas Assheton,Journal, page60:
      All hunt in James Whitendalesoffice.
  14. (figuratively, slang, obsolete) Ahangout: aplacewhereone isnormallyfound.
    • 1699,A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew:
      HisOffice, any Man's ordinaryHaunt, or Plying-place, be it Tavern, Ale-house, Gaming-house.
  15. (UK military slang, dated) Aplane'scockpit,particularly anobserver'scockpit.
    • 1917,Alan Bott,An Airman's Outings, page161:
      I withdraw into ‘theoffice’, otherwise the observer's cockpit.
    • 1941 March 24,Life, page85:
      In the slang of the Royal Air Force man, the cockpit of his plane is the ‘pulpit’ or ‘office’, the glass covering over it the ‘greenhouse’.
    • 1966 May 13,New Statesman, page687:
      ‘Up in theoffice they too knew it.’ ‘Theoffice? You mean the flight deck?’ ‘Just that. No more. No less. Theoffice.’
  16. (computing) Acollection ofbusinesssoftwaretypicallyincluding aword processor andspreadsheet andslideshowprograms.
  17. (obsolete) Anofficial orgroup ofofficials;(figuratively) apersonification ofofficeholders.
  18. (obsolete) Abodily function,(particularly)urination anddefecation; anact ofurination ordefecation.
  19. (obsolete) Theperformance of aduty; aninstance ofperforming aduty.

Usage notes

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  • In reference to professional services, the termoffice is used with somewhat greater scope in American English, which speaks ofdoctor's offices etc., where British English generally prefers particular words such assurgery.

Synonyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Descendants

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Descendants

Translations

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ceremonial religious duty or rite
position of responsibility
room(s) or building used for non-manual work
major governmental division
kindness—seegood offices

Verb

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office (third-person singular simple presentoffices,present participleofficing,simple past and past participleofficed)

  1. To provide (someone) with anoffice.
    • 1966, United States. Congress. Senate,Hearings - Volume 8‎[1], page451:
      Is heofficed in Congressional Relations or is heofficed in SCA?
    • 1976,General Technical Report RM.‎[2], page128:
      Prior to that time, Station personnel were firstofficed in temporary wartime barracks on the campus and then on the second floor of the Journalism Building.
  2. (intransitive) To have anoffice.
    • 1988 December 2, Grant Pick, “He Survived Operation Greylord”, inChicago Reader‎[3]:
      "I believed that Dave was just doing a favor for his brother," said Somerville, who added that he assumed Lou and Daveofficed together.

References

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  1. ^Oxford English Dictionary. "office,n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2004.
  2. ^Oxford English Dictionary. "† opifice,n."
  3. ^Oxford English Dictionary. "opifex,n."
  • Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 7th ed. "office". G. & C. Merriam Co. (Springfield), 1967.
  • The Century Dictionary. "office". The Century Co. (New York), 1911.

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinofficium.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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office m (pluraloffices)

  1. charge,task,mandate
  2. administrative bureau,department
  3. religious service, notably liturgical office

Derived terms

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Noun

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office f (pluraloffices)

  1. pantry, roomadjoining akitchen where dishes,table linens, andprovisions are kept
    Il avait trouvé dans l’office un saucisson, des boîtes de sardines, du fromage de Hollande.
    He had found in thepantry a sausage, some tins of sardines, and some Dutch cheese
  2. place where ahousehold's table (food and drink)-related services are conducted, especially by domestic staff

References

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  • Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Latin

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Verb

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office

  1. second-personsingularpresentactiveimperative ofofficiō

Noun

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office

  1. ablativesingular ofoffex

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frenchoffice, fromLatinofficium, contracted form ofopificium.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɔˈfiːs(ə)/,/ˈɔfis(ə)/

Noun

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office (pluraloffices)

  1. The state of beingemployed or having a work or job;employment:
    1. Ecclesiastical orreligious work; a churchcareer.
    2. (rare)Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base.
  2. Aposition ofresponsibility orcontrol; a crucial occupation:
    1. Aclerical orchurch post or position; areligiousoffice.
    2. A governmental or administrative position or post; apoliticaloffice.
    3. Thesituation,status, orrank one has in the widerworld or withinsociety.
  3. A task,chore orassignment, especially one which isimportant orrequired; anobligation:
    1. Therole,purpose, orintended use or utility of something (especially a bodily part).
    2. Atask orfunction that one organ does to assist another or the body as a whole.
    3. A religiousceremony orritual; a task performed for religious reasons.
    4. (Christianity) The beginning or the initial portion of theEucharist.
    5. A core humanfaculty(e.g.movement,talking,literacy)
  4. A part,faculty, ordivision of alarger body:
    1. Apart of ahouse orestate devoted to manual work andstorage.
    2. Apart orsubdivision of anestate devoted to a specified function.
    3. (rare) Apart orsubdivision of agovernment devoted to a specified function.
      • 1435, petition, P.R.O. 130, 6460A:
        JohnDuc of Bedford... Admirall of England in theoffice ofþe admiralte in the Countees of Kent, Sussex...
        (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  5. Aninquest undertaken to investigate thepossession of land or property.
  6. The intended orideal working oroperation of something.
  7. Anofficeholder invested with powers and authority.
  8. (rare) Abuilding orstructure used forbusiness purposes; an office.
  9. (rare) Theprocess orundertaking of a task or assignment.
    • c. 1300,The Romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun, ll. 3555 ff.:
      While Beues was in þatoffice,
      Þe kinges sone...
      A ȝede to Beves stable.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  10. (rare) Theactivities typical of and concomitant to one's place in society.
  11. (rare) A favour; abeneficial deed or act.
    • c.1395,John Wycliffe,John Purvey [et al.], transl.,Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎[4], publishedc.1410,Coꝛinthis ·ii· 9:12,page70v, column 2; republished asWycliffe's translation of the New Testament,Lichfield: Bill Endres,2010:
      foꝛ þe mynyſterie of þisoffice. not oneli filliþ þoo þingis þat failen to hooli men .· but alſo multeplieþ many þankyngis to god
      As the administering of this favour doesn't just supply the things that holy men are lacking, but also overflows in many thanks to God.
Related terms
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Descendants
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References
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Frenchofficier.

Verb

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office

  1. Alternative form ofofficen

Norman

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Noun

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office m (pluraloffices)

  1. (Jersey)office
    • 2010,Mêfie-té des Monstres: Tchiques légendes dé Jèrri,Jersey: Le Don Balleine, L'Office du Jèrriais,→ISBN:
      L'Office du Jèrriais
      TheOffice of Jèrriais

Old French

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Noun

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officeoblique singular, m (oblique pluraloffices,nominative singularoffices,nominative pluraloffice)

  1. office(building; room)
  2. office(position, role, job)
  3. service

Descendants

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References

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