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o-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:о-andAppendix:Variations of "o"
Languages (29)
English
Basque • Bavarian • Cayuga • Chichewa • Czech • Gabadi • Gwere • Japanese • Lakota • Mohawk • Northern Ndebele • Ojibwe • Old Polish • Onondaga • Pali • Polish • Seneca • Slovene • Southern Ndebele • Swedish • Taos • Ternate • Tooro • Volapük • Welsh • Xhosa • Ye'kwana • Zulu
Page categories

English

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Noun

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o-

  1. Ablood type that has noantigens. It lacks theA,B andRh factors on the blood cells. It is theuniversal donor for blood and can give blood to any blood type, but can only receive O- blood.

Prefix

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o-

  1. (organic chemistry)ortho-

See also

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Basque

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Alternative forms

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Prefix

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o-

  1. combining form ofogi(bread)

Usage notes

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  • If the following element of the compound starts with/b/ or/ɡ/, these are devoiced to/p/ and/k/ respectively.
  • If the following element starts with a vowel,/s̺/ or/s̻/, the combining formot- is used instead.

Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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  • å-(East Central Bavarian)

Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ana, fromProto-Germanic*ana. CompareGermanan-,Dutchaan-,Englishon-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /oː/(West Central Bavarian)

Prefix

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o-

  1. Separable verb prefix that indicates a direction, goal, destination and a contact made therein.
    o- + ‎schraufn(to screw) → ‎oschraufn(to screw on)
    o- + ‎greifn(to grab, seize) → ‎ogreifn(to touch, handle)
    o- + ‎brenna(to burn) → ‎obrenna(to scorch)

Derived terms

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Cayuga

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Prefix

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o-

  1. noun prefix

References

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Frances Froman; Alfred J. Keye; Lottie Keye; Carrie Dyck (2002),English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page705

Chichewa

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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o-

  1. The contracted form of the-a of association particle combined with theku- prefix of the infinitive when deriving adjectives from verbs.

Usage notes

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This contraction only occurs with polysyllabic verbs. Monosyllabic verbs do not contract when the associative prefix is added in front. This is whychakudya is not "chodya".

Inflection

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Chichewa verbal modifiers
singularplural
class 1wo-class 2o-
class 3wo-class 4yo-
class 5lo-class 6o-
class 7cho-class 8zo-
class 9yo-class 10zo-
class 12ko-class 13to-
class 14wo-
class 15ko-
locative classes
class 16class 17class 18
po-ko-mo-

Reference notes

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Paas in the Oxford Chichewa Dictionary (OCD) says that this contraction forms verbal adjectives. Whilst this is true, as Peace Corps Chichewa Course Book 2 does the same, the OCD also shows these verbal adjectives being used as nouns.

Prefix

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Etymology

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See notes on prefix 1.

Prefix

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o-

  1. Class 2 verbal modifier prefix, contraction of "aku-" or "a ku-".
  2. Class 6 verbal modifier, contraction of "aku-" or "a ku-".

Derived terms

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References

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  • Peace Corps Learning Chichewa Book 2

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*o(b), fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ebʰi. Seeo.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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o-

  1. around, all around
  2. a complete action, aperfective verb
  3. something else

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • o-/ob(e)- inSlovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Gabadi

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Pronunciation

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Prefix

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o-

  1. marks thesecond-personsingularsubject on averb
    o- + ‎dibai'u(to spear me) → ‎odibai'u(you (sg.) speared me)
    o- + ‎mai(to come) → ‎omaiva(you (sg.) are coming)
CategoryGabadi terms prefixed with o- not found

References

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  • Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24).Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created november 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online:[1]. For the prefixo-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 subject marking".

Gwere

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Bantu*jʊ̀-(Class 1 pronominal concord).

Prefix

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o-

  1. Class 1 pronominal concord.

References

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  • Kagaya, Ryohei (2006),A Gwere Vocabulary[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, page iii

Japanese

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Romanization

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o-

  1. Rōmaji transcription of

Lakota

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Prefix

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o-

  1. Forms nouns from some verbs;verbal noun modifier; ‘place where...’.
    o- + ‎wótA(to eat) → ‎owóte(dining room)
    o- + ‎yuŋká(to lie, recline) → ‎oyúŋke(a bed)

Mohawk

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Etymology

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io- with loss of initial glide

Prefix

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o-

  1. noun prefix
  2. her(in kinship terms)

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology 1

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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o-

  1. Second-person singular relative concord.

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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o-

  1. Class 1 relative concord.

Etymology 3

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

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o-

  1. Class 3 relative concord.

Ojibwe

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Prefix

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o-

  1. A prefix denoting the third person

Usage notes

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o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.

Alternative forms

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See also

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Ojibwe personal prefixes
stem begins with...1st person2nd person3rd person
consonantsp t k h ch m n s sh w yni-gi-o-
d g ' j z zhnin-
bnim-
vowelsonindo-gido-odo-
a aa e inind-gid-od-
oon-g-
iiw-

Preverb

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o-

  1. go somewhere to do something, go over there to
    Mii go imaa ziigigamideg, mii imaao-gondaabiiginag zhingobaandag.
    If it boiled over, I dipped the bough in the kettle.

Alternative forms

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References

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Old Polish

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Slavic*o(b)-
Old Polisho-

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*o(b)-.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    o-

    1. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way,en-,be-,make
      o- + ‎pozdny → ‎opóździć
    2. around
      o- + ‎kropić → ‎okropić
    3. prefix indicating a perfective verb
      o- + ‎soczyć → ‎osoczyć

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Onondaga

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    Prefix

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    o-

    1. noun prefix

    References

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    • Hanni Woodbury (2018),A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page284

    Pali

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Indo-Iranian*Háwa, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ew(off, away, down). Cognate withAvestan𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀(auua),Latinau- andSanskritअव-(ava-).

    Prefix

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    o-

    1. ab-; away, off from

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “o”, inPali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

    Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Slavic*o(b)-
    Old Polisho-
    Polisho-

      Inherited fromOld Polisho-.Doublet ofob-.

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. prefix indicating a perfective verb
        o- + ‎słabnąć → ‎osłabnąć
      2. affects verb meaning in various ways
        o- + ‎strzec → ‎ostrzec
      3. appears in front of some verbs meaning: to make something behave in a certain way,en-,be-,make
        Synonym:u-
        o- + ‎trzeźwy → ‎otrzeźwić
      4. around
        Synonym:ob-
        o- + ‎winąć → ‎owinąć
      5. down
        Synonym:z-
        o- + ‎suwać → ‎osuwać
        o- + ‎puścić → ‎opuścić

      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • o- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

      Seneca

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. noun prefix

      References

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      • Wallace Chafe (2014),A Grammar of the Seneca Language, University of California Press, page86

      Slovene

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      Etymology

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      FromProto-Slavic*o(b)-. Prefixed form of the prepositiono.

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
        1. (no change in meaning)
          o- + ‎čístiti(to clean) → ‎očístiti(to clean)
        2. around,past,avoiding
          o- + ‎čŕtati(to draw) → ‎očŕtati(to outline)
          o- + ‎īti(to go) → ‎obíti(to go around, to bypass)
        3. tostay, toremain
          o- + ‎sedẹ́ti(to sit) → ‎obsedẹ́ti(to stay sitting)

      Derived terms

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      Southern Ndebele

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      Etymology 1

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Second-person singular relative concord.

      Etymology 2

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Class 1 relative concord.

      Etymology 3

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Class 3 relative concord.

      Swedish

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      Etymology

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      FromOld Swedishō-, fromOld Norseú-,ó-, fromProto-Germanic*un-, from theProto-Indo-European*n̥- whence also Greekα-(a-) and Englishun-.

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Added to adjectives to yield theiropposites;un-
      2. Added to nouns to meanlack or beingwithout

      Derived terms

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      Taos

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      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. (transitive) First person singular subject + third personduoplural object.
      2. (transitive) Second person singular subject + third person singular object.

      Ternate

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      Etymology

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      Cognate withTehitw-(third-person singular masculine prefix).

      Pronoun

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      o- (Jawiؤ-)

      1. (masculine)third-person singular clitic,he

      See also

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      Ternate personal pronouns
      independentsubject procliticpossessive
      informalformal
      singular1st personngorifangarem,fajaruftori
      2nd personnganangoni,jou ngoninoni
      3rd personunam,minafom,mof,inhim,mif,manh
      plural1st person inclusivengonefona,nga
      1st person exclusivengomifangare ngomim,fajaru ngomif,
      fara ngomi1
      mimi,mia
      2nd personngoninina,nia
      3rd personanah,enanhih, nh,yoh, †,yanh, †nah,ngah,manh
      • unmarked pronouns are gender non-specific
      • m - masculine,f - feminine,h - human,nh - non-human
      • 1 - for mixed-gender groups
      • † - archaic

      References

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      • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890),Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
      • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

      Tooro

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      Alternative forms

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      • (before-a- or-e- in the subjunctive mood)w-
      • (before vowels in other cases)oy-

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. you;2nd person singular subject concord
        o- + ‎-kora(to do) → ‎okora(you do)

      See also

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      Tooro personal pronouns
      classpersonindependentpossessivesubject
      concord
      object
      concord
      combined forms
      nani
      class 1firstnyowe,nye-angen--n-nanyowe,nanyeninyowe,ninye
      secondiwe-aweo--ku-naiweniiwe
      thirduwe-ea--mu-nawenuwe
      class 2firstitwe-aitutu--tu-naitweniitwe
      secondinywe-anyumu--ba-nainyweniinywe
      thirdbo-aboba--ba-nabonubo
      class 3gwo-agwogu--gu-nagwonugwo
      class 4yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
      class 5lyo-alyoli--li-nalyoniryo
      class 6go-agoga--ga-nagonugo
      class 7kyo-akyoki--ki-nakyonikyo
      class 8byo-abyobi--bi-nabyonibyo
      class 9yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
      class 10zo-azozi--zi-nazonizo
      class 11rwo-arworu--ru-narwonurwo
      class 12ko-akoka--ka-nakonuko
      class 13two-atwotu--tu-natwonutwo
      class 14bwo-abwobu--bu-nabwonubwo
      class 15kwo-akwoku--ku-nakwonukwo
      class 16ho-ahoha--ha-nahonuho
      class 17(kwo)N/Aha-
      (...-yo)
      -ha-N/Anukwo
      class 18(mwo)-amwoha-
      (...-mu)
      -ha-N/Anumwo
      reflexive-enyini,-onyini-e-

      References

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      • Kaji, Shigeki (2007),A Rutooro Vocabulary[3], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, page413

      Volapük

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. denotesfuture tense in verbs and adverbs
        o- + ‎penob(I write.) → ‎openob(I will write.)
        o- + ‎adelo(today) → ‎odelo(tomorrow)

      Welsh

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      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. soft mutation ofgo-

      Mutation

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      Mutated forms ofgo-
      radicalsoftnasalaspirate
      go-o-ngo-unchanged

      Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
      All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

      Xhosa

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      Etymology 1

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Second-person singular relative concord.

      Etymology 2

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Class 1 relative concord.

      Etymology 3

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Prefix

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      o-

      1. Class 3 relative concord.

      Ye'kwana

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      Variant orthographies
      ALIVo-
      Brazilian standardo-
      New Tribeso-

      Pronunciation

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      Prefix

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      o-

      1. allomorph oföt-(detransitivizing prefix)
      2. allomorph ofö-(second-person prefix) used for stems that begin with a consonant and have a first vowelo oru

      Inflection

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      Ye'kwana personal markers
      pronounnoun possessor/
      series II verb argument
      postposition objectseries I verb argument
      transitive patientintransitive patient-likeintransitive agent-liketransitive agent
      first personewüy-,∅-,ü-,u-1w-,wi-
      first person dual inclusiveküwük-,kü-,ku-,ki-k-,kii-,ki-1
      second personamödöö-,öy-/ödh-,o-,oy-/odh-,a-,ay-/adh-m-,mi-
      first person dual exclusivenñay-/dh-,ch-,∅-,i-1chö-∅-n-,ni-
      third persontüwün-,ni-
      distant past third personkün-,kun-,kin-,ken-,küm-,kum-,kim-,kini-
      coreferential/reflexivet-,tü-,tu-,ti-,te-
      reciprocalöö-
      1. With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.
      series I verb argument:
      transitive agent and transitive patient
      first person > second personmön-,man-,mon-,möm-,möni-
      first person dual exclusive > second person
      second person > first personk-,kü-,ku-,ki-
      second person > first person dual exclusive
      third person > any person X …or… any person X > third personsee person X in the chart above

      Zulu

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      Etymology 1

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      Froma-(relative) +‎u-(second person singular).

      Prefix

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      ṓ-

      1. Second-person singular relative concord.

      Etymology 2

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      Froma-(relative) +‎u-(class 1).

      Prefix

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      ṓ-

      1. Class 1 relative concord.

      Etymology 3

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      Froma-(augment) +‎bo-(class 2a).

      Prefix

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      ô-

      1. Class 2a noun prefix.

      Etymology 4

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      Froma-(relative) +‎u-(class 3).

      Prefix

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      ṓ-

      1. Class 3 relative concord.

      References

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      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=o-&oldid=88120814"
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