o-
o-
o-
FromProto-West Germanic*ana, fromProto-Germanic*ana. CompareGermanan-,Dutchaan-,Englishon-.
o-
o-
Frances Froman; Alfred J. Keye; Lottie Keye; Carrie Dyck (2002),English-Cayuga/Cayuga-English Dictionary, University of Toronto, page705
o-
This contraction only occurs with polysyllabic verbs. Monosyllabic verbs do not contract when the associative prefix is added in front. This is whychakudya is not "chodya".
| singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| class 1 | wo- | class 2 | o- | ||
| class 3 | wo- | class 4 | yo- | ||
| class 5 | lo- | class 6 | o- | ||
| class 7 | cho- | class 8 | zo- | ||
| class 9 | yo- | class 10 | zo- | ||
| class 12 | ko- | class 13 | to- | ||
| class 14 | wo- | ||||
| class 15 | ko- | ||||
| locative classes | |||||
| class 16 | class 17 | class 18 | |||
| po- | ko- | mo- | |||
Paas in the Oxford Chichewa Dictionary (OCD) says that this contraction forms verbal adjectives. Whilst this is true, as Peace Corps Chichewa Course Book 2 does the same, the OCD also shows these verbal adjectives being used as nouns.
See notes on prefix 1.
o-
Inherited fromProto-Slavic*o(b), fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ebʰi. Seeo.
o-
o-
Inherited fromProto-Bantu*jʊ̀-(“Class 1 pronominal concord”).
o-
o-
o-
io- with loss of initial glide
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
o-
o- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant. It may be omitted in many contexts.
| stem begins with... | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| consonants | p t k h ch m n s sh w y | ni- | gi- | o- | |
| d g ' j z zh | nin- | ||||
| b | nim- | ||||
| vowels | o | nindo- | gido- | odo- | |
| a aa e i | nind- | gid- | od- | ||
| oo | n- | g- | |||
| ii | w- | ||||
o-
Inherited fromProto-Slavic*o(b)-.
o-
o-
Inherited fromProto-Indo-Iranian*Háwa, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ew(“off, away, down”). Cognate withAvestan𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀(auua),Latinau- andSanskritअव-(ava-).
o-
Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “o”, inPali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Inherited fromOld Polisho-.Doublet ofob-.
o-
o-
FromProto-Slavic*o(b)-. Prefixed form of the prepositiono.
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
FromOld Swedishō-, fromOld Norseú-,ó-, fromProto-Germanic*un-, from theProto-Indo-European*n̥- whence also Greekα-(a-) and Englishun-.
o-
o-
Cognate withTehitw-(“third-person singular masculine prefix”).
o- (Jawiؤ-)
| independent | subject proclitic | possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| informal | formal | ||||
| singular | 1st person | ngori | fangarem,fajaruf | to | ri |
| 2nd person | ngana | ngoni,jou ngoni | no | ni | |
| 3rd person | unam,minaf | om,mof,inh | im,mif,manh | ||
| plural | 1st person inclusive | ngone | fo | na,nga | |
| 1st person exclusive | ngomi | fangare ngomim,fajaru ngomif, fara ngomi1 | mi | mi,mia | |
| 2nd person | ngoni | ni | na,nia | ||
| 3rd person | anah,enanh | ih, nh,yoh, †,yanh, † | nah,ngah,manh | ||
o-
| class | person | independent | possessive | subject concord | object concord | combined forms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| na | ni | ||||||
| class 1 | first | nyowe,nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe,nanye | ninyowe,ninye |
| second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe | |
| third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe | |
| class 2 | first | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
| second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe | |
| third | bo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo | |
| class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo | |
| class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
| class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo | |
| class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo | |
| class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo | |
| class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo | |
| class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
| class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo | |
| class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo | |
| class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko | |
| class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo | |
| class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo | |
| class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo | |
| class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho | |
| class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) | -ha- | N/A | nukwo | |
| class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) | -ha- | N/A | numwo | |
| reflexive | -enyini,-onyini | — | -e- | — | |||
o-
o-
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| go- | o- | ngo- | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
o-
| ALIV | o- |
|---|---|
| Brazilian standard | o- |
| New Tribes | o- |
o-
| pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument | postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
| first person | ewü | y-,∅-,ü-,u-1 | w-,wi- | |||||||
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-,kü-,ku-,ki- | k-,kii-,ki-1 | |||||||
| second person | amödö | ö-,öy-/ödh-,o-,oy-/odh-,a-,ay-/adh- | m-,mi- | |||||||
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-,ch-,∅-,i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-,ni- | |||||
| third person | tüwü | n-,ni- | ||||||||
| distant past third person | — | kün-,kun-,kin-,ken-,küm-,kum-,kim-,kini- | ||||||||
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-,tü-,tu-,ti-,te- | — | |||||||
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
| ||||||||||
| series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
|---|---|
| first person > second person | mön-,man-,mon-,möm-,möni- |
| first person dual exclusive > second person | |
| second person > first person | k-,kü-,ku-,ki- |
| second person > first person dual exclusive | |
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
Froma-(“relative”) +u-(“second person singular”).
ṓ-
Froma-(“relative”) +u-(“class 1”).
ṓ-
Froma-(“augment”) +bo-(“class 2a”).
ô-
Froma-(“relative”) +u-(“class 3”).
ṓ-