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normal

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Normalandnormál

English

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 normal on Wikipedia
 Normal number on Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromLatinnormālis(“made according to a carpenter's square;later: according to a rule”), fromnōrma(“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin;[1][2][3][4]doublet ofnormale. The earliest meaning of the word in English was "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like somethingnormālis(“made according to a carpenter's square”),[1][5] but by Late Latinnormālis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive:[5] in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height, weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be called "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.[6]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (comparativenormalerormorenormal,superlativenormalestormostnormal)

  1. According tonorms or rules or to aregular pattern.
    Organize the data into third normal form.
    • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree,Nil Recurring.
      Prescription drugs, they help me through the day
      And that restraining order keeps me well at bay
      And what'snormal now, anyway?
    • 2014, Michael Rush,Politics & Society, Routledge,→ISBN, page210:
      In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not anormal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties.[…] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were notnormal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.
    1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given baseb ≥ 2, for every positive integern, thebn possible strings ofn digits follow auniform distribution.
        A number whose individual digits in a given base representation follow a uniform distribution is said to besimply normal.
        A number that isnormal for every base b ≥ 2 is said to beabsolutely normal.
      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) Withcosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specificbell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of anormal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has anormal distribution; which is associated with arandom variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which ispre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are thekernel orcokernel of somemorphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology ortopological space) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
      12. (commutative algebra, of adomain)Integrally closed: equal its ownintegral closure in itsfield of fractions.
      13. (commutative algebra, of aring) Such that all of itslocalizations atprime ideals are integrally closed domains.
      14. (algebraic geometry, of avariety orscheme) Such that thelocal ring at every point is an integrally closed domain.
  2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.
    John is feelingnormal again.
    1. (fandomslang, sarcastic, with “about”)Fervently interested in a subject;obsessed.
      I wrote a 30-page analysis of the show’s villain because I’m verynormal about them.
  3. (education, of a school) Teaching teachers how to teach; teaching teachers the norms of education.
    My grandmother attended Mankato StateNormal School; my grandfather attended Illinois StateNormal University.
    • 1928, Western Montana College, Western Montana College of Education,Catalogue of the Montana State Normal College, page10:
      PURPOSE AND SCOPE[:] The State Normal College prepares teachers for the public schools of Montana. It accomplishes its work through professional courses, directed observation of expert teaching, and […]
  4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being asolution containing oneequivalent weight ofsolute perlitre ofsolution.
  5. (organic chemistry) Describing astraight chainisomer of analiphatichydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which asubstituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
  6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an objectvibrate at the samefrequency (anormal mode).
  7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
  9. (geometry) Perpendicular to atangent of a curve ortangent plane of a surface.
    The interiornormal vector of a perfect sphere always point toward the center, and the exteriornormal vector directly away, and both are always collinear with the ray whose tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes

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  • When used to describe a group of people,normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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according to norms or rules
usual, ordinary
healthy; not sick or ill
pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach
of points: in the default position

Noun

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normal (countable anduncountable,pluralnormals)

  2. (geometry, countable) A line or vector that isperpendicular to another line, surface, orplane.
  3. (medicine, countable) A person who ishealthy, normal, as opposed to one who ismorbid.
    • 2014, Ahmet Celik, Edibe Saricicek, Vahap Saricicek, Elif Sahin, Gokhan Ozdemir, Metin Kilinc, Ayten Oguz,Relation between the new anthropometric obesity parameters and inflammatory markers in healthy adult men‎[1], SCIRJ:
      Subjects were grouped as Group 1 and Group 2 according to VAI, andnormals, overweights and obeses according to BMI.
  4. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits intomainstream society, as opposed to those who livealternative lifestyles.
  5. (countable, uncountable) Theusualstate.
    His workload is now back tonormal.
    Heavy workload is the newnormal.
    • 1930, Norman Lindsay,Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.:Ure Smith, published1965,→OCLC, page269:
      Still, there was a hitch somewhere in the gathering that threw it out ofnormal.

Synonyms

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Translations

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mathematics: a line perpendicular to another
person who fits in

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1“normal”, inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
  2. ^“normal”, inDictionary.com Unabridged,Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  3. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “normal”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.
  4. ^William Dwight Whitney,Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “normal”, inThe Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,→OCLC.
  5. ↑5.05.1The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories (1991,→ISBN), age 321
  6. ^Brent Davis, Dennis Sumara,Complexity and Education (2014,→ISBN)

Anagrams

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Asturian

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Adjective

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normal (epicene,pluralnormales)

  1. normal

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchnormal.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m orf (masculine and feminine pluralnormals)

  1. normal
    Antonym:anormal

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromFrenchnormale,Derived fromLatinnōrmālis.

Noun

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normal c (singular definitenormalen,plural indefinitenormaler)

  1. a normalvalue orquantity(e.g. tempature etc.)
    1. theusual andordinary;business as usual
  2. (mathematics)line orsurface that isperpendicular to another line or surface
Declension
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Declension ofnormal
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativenormalnormalennormalernormalerne
genitivenormalsnormalensnormalersnormalernes

Etymology 2

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See above

Adjective

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normal (neuternormalt,plural and definite singular attributivenormale)

  1. ordinary,usual,typical
    Synonyms:typisk,almindelig
    1. scheduled,planned
      Synonyms:planmæssig,ordinær
    2. withoutdeficiencies,working as it isshould(living beings, organs etc.)
      Synonyms:rask,velfungerende
    3. average
      Synonym:gennemsnitlig
Inflection
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Inflection ofnormal
positivecomparativesuperlative
indefinite common singularnormal——2
indefinite neuter singularnormalt——2
pluralnormale——2
definite attributive1normale——

1 When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
2 The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Adverb

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normal

  1. usually,for the most part
    Synonyms:sædvanligvis,almindeligvis

References

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References

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“normal” inDen Danske Ordbog

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinnōrmālis. Bysurface analysis,norme +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (femininenormale,masculine pluralnormaux,feminine pluralnormales)

  1. normal(according to norms, usual)
  2. (relational)normal(relating to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
  3. okay,alright
    Antonym:anormal

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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German

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /nɔrˈmaːl/,[nɔʁˈmaːl],[nɔɐ̯-],[nɔ-],[no-]
  • Rhymes:-aːl
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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normal (strong nominative masculine singularnormaler,comparativenormaler,superlativeamnormalsten)

  1. ordinary,normal
    völlignormal. ―completelynormal.

Declension

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Positive forms ofnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristnormalsieistnormalesistnormalsiesindnormal
strong declension
(without article)		nominativenormalernormalenormalesnormale
genitivenormalennormalernormalennormaler
dativenormalemnormalernormalemnormalen
accusativenormalennormalenormalesnormale
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativedernormaledienormaledasnormaledienormalen
genitivedesnormalendernormalendesnormalendernormalen
dativedemnormalendernormalendemnormalendennormalen
accusativedennormalendienormaledasnormaledienormalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinnormalereinenormaleeinnormales(keine)normalen
genitiveeinesnormaleneinernormaleneinesnormalen(keiner)normalen
dativeeinemnormaleneinernormaleneinemnormalen(keinen)normalen
accusativeeinennormaleneinenormaleeinnormales(keine)normalen
Comparative forms ofnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristnormalersieistnormaleresistnormalersiesindnormaler
strong declension
(without article)		nominativenormalerernormalerenormaleresnormalere
genitivenormalerennormalerernormalerennormalerer
dativenormaleremnormalerernormaleremnormaleren
accusativenormalerennormalerenormaleresnormalere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativedernormaleredienormaleredasnormaleredienormaleren
genitivedesnormalerendernormalerendesnormalerendernormaleren
dativedemnormalerendernormalerendemnormalerendennormaleren
accusativedennormalerendienormaleredasnormaleredienormaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinnormalerereinenormalereeinnormaleres(keine)normaleren
genitiveeinesnormalereneinernormalereneinesnormaleren(keiner)normaleren
dativeeinemnormalereneinernormalereneinemnormaleren(keinen)normaleren
accusativeeinennormalereneinenormalereeinnormaleres(keine)normaleren
Superlative forms ofnormal
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamnormalstensieistamnormalstenesistamnormalstensiesindamnormalsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativenormalsternormalstenormalstesnormalste
genitivenormalstennormalsternormalstennormalster
dativenormalstemnormalsternormalstemnormalsten
accusativenormalstennormalstenormalstesnormalste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativedernormalstedienormalstedasnormalstedienormalsten
genitivedesnormalstendernormalstendesnormalstendernormalsten
dativedemnormalstendernormalstendemnormalstendennormalsten
accusativedennormalstendienormalstedasnormalstedienormalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinnormalstereinenormalsteeinnormalstes(keine)normalsten
genitiveeinesnormalsteneinernormalsteneinesnormalsten(keiner)normalsten
dativeeinemnormalsteneinernormalsteneinemnormalsten(keinen)normalsten
accusativeeinennormalsteneinenormalsteeinnormalstes(keine)normalsten

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Adverb

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normal

  1. (standard)ordinarily,normally, in a normal fashion
    Er hat sich ganznormal benommen.
    He behaved quitenormally.
  2. (colloquial)Alternative form ofnormalerweise:usually,normally, in general
    Normal geh ich früh ins Bett.
    Inormally go to bed early.

Interjection

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normal

  1. (colloquial)sure,of course,obviously;usually implies that something is trivial
    Du hast mit zwölf schon geraucht? ―Normal.
    You already smoked at twelve? ―Sure.

Further reading

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  • “normal” inDuden online
  • “normal” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hunsrik

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal

  1. normal

Declension

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Declension ofnormal (see alsoAppendix:Hunsrik adjectives)
singularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
weak inflectionnominativenormalnormalnormalnormale
accusativenormalenormalnormalnormale
dativenormalenormalenormalenormale
strong inflectionnominativenormalernormalenormalesnormale
accusativenormalenormalenormalesnormale
dativenormalemnormalernormalemnormale

Further reading

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromDutchnormaal, ultimatelyderived fromLatinnōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈnɔr.mal/
  • Rhymes:-mal
  • Hyphenation:nor‧mal

Adjective

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normal (comparativelebih normal,superlativepaling normalorternormal,equativesenormal)

  1. normal
    1. according tonorms or rules or to aregular pattern
    2. (usually of mental health) usual, healthy; not sick or ill

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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Interlingua

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Adjective

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normal (comparativeplus normal,superlativeleplus normal)

  1. normal
    Antonym:anormal

Irish

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Etymology

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Borrowing fromEnglishnormal.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈn̪ˠɔɾˠ(ə)mˠəlˠ/

Noun

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normal m (genitive singularnormail,nominative pluralnormail)

  1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry)normal

Declension

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Declension ofnormal (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeannormalnanormail
genitiveannormailnanormal
dativeleis annormal
donnormal		leis nanormail

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Ladin

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Adjective

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normal m (feminine singularnormala, masculine pluralnormai, feminine pluralnormales)

  1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromLatinnormālis.

Adjective

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normal (neuter singularnormalt,definite singular and pluralnormale)

  1. normal,ordinary
    Antonym:unormal

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromLatinnormālis.

Adjective

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normal (neuter singularnormalt,definite singular and pluralnormale)

  1. normal,ordinary
    Antonym:unormal

Derived terms

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References

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromLatinnormālis. Bysurface analysis,norma +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m orf (pluralnormais)

  1. normal,standard,regular
  2. (geometry)normal(perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface)

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchnormal, fromLatinnormālis. Bysurface analysis,normă +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m orn (feminine singularnormală,masculine pluralnormali,feminine and neuter pluralnormale)

  1. normal

Related terms

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Adverb

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normal

  1. normally
  2. of course,obviously
    Synonyms:evident,logic
    Normal că mi-e foame.
    Of course I'm hungry.

Spanish

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Etymology

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FromLatinnōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal m orf (masculine and feminine pluralnormales)

  1. normal,standard,regular,fine
    Synonyms:regular,común
    Antonyms:anormal,raro,pococomún
    A mi me parecenormal.
    It seemsfine to me.
  2. (geometry)perpendicular
    Synonym:perpendicular
    Antonyms:oblicuo,paralelo

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Noun

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normal f (pluralnormales)

  1. (education) a school forbecoming ateacher

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology

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FromLatinnōrmālis, fromnōrma +-ālis, equivalent tonorm +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal (comparativenormalare,superlativenormalast)

  1. normal
    Antonyms:abnorm,onaturlig,onormal,sjuklig

Declension

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Inflection ofnormal
Indefinitepositivecomparativesuperlative1
common singularnormalnormalarenormalast
neuter singularnormaltnormalarenormalast
pluralnormalanormalarenormalast
masculine plural2normalenormalarenormalast
Definitepositivecomparativesuperlative
masculine singular3normalenormalarenormalaste
allnormalanormalarenormalaste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Related terms

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Noun

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normal c

  1. (geometry) anormal(aline which isperpendicular to another line or to a surface)
    Antonym:tangent

Declension

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Declension ofnormal
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitenormalnormals
definitenormalennormalens
pluralindefinitenormalernormalers
definitenormalernanormalernas

References

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Each pronunciation has a different source:

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normálornormal (Baybayin spellingᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. normal
    Synonyms:karaniwan,regular

Related terms

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Further reading

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  • “normal”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Turkish

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Etymology

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FromFrenchnormal, fromLatinnōrmālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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normal

  1. normal
  2. regular
  3. usual

Declension

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Predicative forms ofnormal
present tense
positive declarativepositive interrogative
ben(I am)normalimnormal miyim?
sen(you are)normalsinnormal misin?
o(he/she/it is)normal / normaldirnormal mi?
biz(we are)normaliznormal miyiz?
siz(you are)normalsiniznormal misiniz?
onlar(they are)normal(ler)normal(ler) mi?
past tense
positive declarativepositive interrogative
ben(I was)normaldimnormal miydim?
sen(you were)normaldinnormal miydin?
o(he/she/it was)normaldinormal miydi?
biz(we were)normaldiknormal miydik?
siz(you were)normaldiniznormal miydiniz?
onlar(they were)normaldilernormal miydiler?
indirect past
positive declarativepositive interrogative
ben(I was)normalmişimnormal miymişim?
sen(you were)normalmişsinnormal miymişsin?
o(he/she/it was)normalmişnormal miymiş?
biz(we were)normalmişiznormal miymişiz?
siz(you were)normalmişsiniznormal miymişsiniz?
onlar(they were)normalmişlernormal miymişler?
conditional
positive declarativepositive interrogative
ben(if I)normalsemnormal miysem?
sen(if you)normalsennormal miysen?
o(if he/she/it)normalsenormal miyse?
biz(if we)normalseknormal miysek?
siz(if you)normalseniznormal miyseniz?
onlar(if they)normalselernormal miyseler?

For negative forms, use the appropriate form ofdeğil.

Noun

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normal (definite accusativenormali,uncountable)

  1. normal (usual state)
  2. standard

Declension

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Declension ofnormal
singularplural
nominativenormal—
definite accusativenormali—
dativenormale—
locativenormalde—
ablativenormalden—
genitivenormalin—

Derived terms

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Welsh

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Noun

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normal m (pluralnormalau,not mutable)

  1. (geometry)normal

References

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “normal”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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