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mura

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "mura"

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Muri (Japanese term)

Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromJapanese斑(mura, literally“blemish, fluctuation”).

Pronunciation

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(Can weverify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?) (particularly: /u/ seems unlikely)IPA^(key): /ˈmu.ɹə/
Rhymes:-ʊəɹə

Noun

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mura (uncountable)

Nonuniformity in theluminance of adisplay device.
US Patent 5,917,935,Mura detection apparatus and method, 1996[1]:
Major classes of LCFPD defects encountered at the final inspection are often pixel defects or wide-area pixel defects (also known asMura defects).
NASA Scientific and Technical Information, 2008[2]:
Software Simulates Sight: Flat PanelMura Detection
(business) A form ofwaste, ordeviation fromoptimal allocation ofresources, that occurs wheninventory is required but not immediately available.
Coordinate terms:muda,muri

Translations

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luminance non-uniformity

French:mura (fr) m
Japanese:むら (ja)
Korean:얼룩 (ko)(eolluk)

Anagrams

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'umra,Amur,Maru,Umar,amur,arum,maru

Catalan

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Verb

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mura

inflection ofmurar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Cebuano

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Alternative forms

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murag,mura'g —withog, combining form

Etymology

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Univerbation ofmao ra(“just the same”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /muˈɾa/ [mʊˈɾ̪a]
IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾa/ [ˈmu.ɾ̪ɐ]
Hyphenation:mu‧ra

Preposition

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muráormura (Badlit spellingᜋᜓᜇ)

(colloquial)seem,like,looks like
Synonyms:daw,sama,ingon,sahi,nawong
Mura siya'g gikapoy. ―S/heseemed tired.
Ang kinabuhimurag bulak ―Lifeis like a flower.
Moadto ka? –Mura.
Will you go? –It looks like I will.
(colloquial)as if,as though
Synonyms:mura ba,sahi
Nagbuotbuot siyamurag kinsa. ―He took it upon himselfas though he were someone.
(uncommon)short formao ra(“that's all; the same”)

Faroese

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsemura, fromProto-Germanic*murhǭ. Cognate withIcelandicmura,Norwegian Nynorskmure,Norwegian Bokmålmure.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmuːɹa/
Rhymes:-uːɹa

Noun

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mura f (genitive singularmuru, pluralmurur)

cinquefoil,potentilla(plant of the genusPotentilla)

Declension

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f1	singular		plural
f1	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mura	muran	murur	mururnar
accusative	muru	muruna	murur	mururnar
dative	muru	muruni	murum	murunum
genitive	muru	murunnar	mura	muranna

Derived terms

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børkumura(“tormentil (Potentilla erecta)”)
díkimura(“marsh cinquefoil (Potentilla palustris)”)
gásamura(“silverweed,goose grass (Potentilla anserina)”)
gullmura(“alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzii)”)

Finnish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*mura, probably from the sameProto-Uralic*mura-(“to break”) asmurtaa, or alternatively fromProto-Germanic[Term?] (compareIcelandicmor).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmurɑ/,[ˈmurɑ̝]
Rhymes:-urɑ
Syllabification^(key):mu‧ra
Hyphenation^(key):mu‧ra

Noun

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mura

Declension

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Inflection ofmura (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		mura	murat
genitive		muran	murien
partitive		muraa	muria
illative		muraan	muriin
		singular	plural
nominative		mura	murat
accusative	nom.	mura	murat
accusative	gen.	muran	murat
genitive		muran	murien murain^rare
partitive		muraa	muria
inessive		murassa	murissa
elative		murasta	murista
illative		muraan	muriin
adessive		muralla	murilla
ablative		muralta	murilta
allative		muralle	murille
essive		murana	murina
translative		muraksi	muriksi
abessive		muratta	muritta
instructive		—	murin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofmura(Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		murani	murani
accusative	nom.	murani	murani
accusative	gen.	murani	murani
genitive		murani	murieni muraini^rare
partitive		muraani	muriani
inessive		murassani	murissani
elative		murastani	muristani
illative		muraani	muriini
adessive		murallani	murillani
ablative		muraltani	muriltani
allative		muralleni	murilleni
essive		muranani	murinani
translative		murakseni	murikseni
abessive		murattani	murittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	murineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		murasi	murasi
accusative	nom.	murasi	murasi
accusative	gen.	murasi	murasi
genitive		murasi	muriesi muraisi^rare
partitive		muraasi	muriasi
inessive		murassasi	murissasi
elative		murastasi	muristasi
illative		muraasi	muriisi
adessive		murallasi	murillasi
ablative		muraltasi	muriltasi
allative		murallesi	murillesi
essive		muranasi	murinasi
translative		muraksesi	muriksesi
abessive		murattasi	murittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	murinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		muramme	muramme
accusative	nom.	muramme	muramme
accusative	gen.	muramme	muramme
genitive		muramme	muriemme muraimme^rare
partitive		muraamme	muriamme
inessive		murassamme	murissamme
elative		murastamme	muristamme
illative		muraamme	muriimme
adessive		murallamme	murillamme
ablative		muraltamme	muriltamme
allative		murallemme	murillemme
essive		muranamme	murinamme
translative		muraksemme	muriksemme
abessive		murattamme	murittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	murinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		muranne	muranne
accusative	nom.	muranne	muranne
accusative	gen.	muranne	muranne
genitive		muranne	murienne murainne^rare
partitive		muraanne	murianne
inessive		murassanne	murissanne
elative		murastanne	muristanne
illative		muraanne	muriinne
adessive		murallanne	murillanne
ablative		muraltanne	muriltanne
allative		murallenne	murillenne
essive		murananne	murinanne
translative		muraksenne	muriksenne
abessive		murattanne	murittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	murinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		muransa	muransa
accusative	nom.	muransa	muransa
accusative	gen.	muransa	muransa
genitive		muransa	muriensa murainsa^rare
partitive		muraansa	muriaan muriansa
inessive		murassaan murassansa	murissaan murissansa
elative		murastaan murastansa	muristaan muristansa
illative		muraansa	muriinsa
adessive		murallaan murallansa	murillaan murillansa
ablative		muraltaan muraltansa	muriltaan muriltansa
allative		muralleen murallensa	murilleen murillensa
essive		muranaan muranansa	murinaan murinansa
translative		murakseen muraksensa	murikseen muriksensa
abessive		murattaan murattansa	murittaan murittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	murineen murinensa

Derived terms

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Muranen

Anagrams

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Amur,ruma

French

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /my.ʁa/
Audio(France (Lyon)): (file)

Verb

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mura

third-person singular past historic ofmurer

Galician

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Verb

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mura

inflection ofmurar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Hadza

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /muɺa/

Verb

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mura

to be burned
Synonym:tlhoshô

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsemura, fromProto-Germanic*murhǭ. Cognate withFaroesemura,Norwegian Nynorskmure,Norwegian Bokmålmure.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmʏːra/
Rhymes:-ʏːra

Noun

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mura f (genitive singularmuru,nominative pluralmurur)

cinquefoil,potentilla(plant of the genusPotentilla)

Declension

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Declension ofmura (feminine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mura	muran	murur	mururnar
accusative	muru	muruna	murur	mururnar
dative	muru	murunni	murum	murunum
genitive	muru	murunnar	mura	muranna

Derived terms

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blóðmura(“tormentil (Potentilla erecta)”)
gullmura(“alpine cinquefoil (Potentilla crantzii)”)
runnamura(“shrubby cinquefoil (Dasiphora fruticosa)”)
skeljamura(“Eged's silverweed (Argentina egedii)”)
tágamura(“silverweedArgentina anserina (syn.Potentilla anserina)”)

Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmˠʊɾˠə/
(Ulster, unstressed)IPA^(key): /ˈmˠəɾˠ/^[1]

Conjunction

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mura(triggerseclipsis; takes the dependent form of irregular verbs)

if...not,unless
mura mbainfidh taisme dó ―unless he meets with an accident
Mura gceannaíonn siad anseo é, faigheann siad sa bhaile é.
If theydon’t buy it here, they get it in town.
Mura raibh tú sásta leis, cad chuige ar ghlac tú é?
If youweren’t satisfied with it, why did you accept it?
Mura dtéinn leis, marófaí é
If Ihadn’t gone with him, he would have been killed

Usage notes

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Not used before the past tense except with some irregular verbs.

Derived terms

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murar(used before the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

Particle

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mura (copular form used before consonants,form used before vowelsmurab)

if...is not,unless...is(present copular form before a consonant)
mura bréag é ―if itis not a lie

Related terms

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Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
present/future
main clause		is	ní	an	nach
relative clause	direct	is	nach	–
relative clause	indirect	ar,arb^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur,gurb^v		an	nach
past/conditional
main clause		ba,b’^v	níor,níorbh^v	ar,arbh^v	nár,nárbh^v
relative clause	direct	ba,ab^v	nár,nárbh^v	–
relative clause	indirect	ar,arbh^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur,gurbh^v		ar,arbh^v	nár,nárbh^v
present subjunctive
–		gura,gurab^v	nára,nárab^v	–

compound copular forms
base word		present/future		past/conditional
cá		cár,cárb^v		cár,cárbh^v
cé		cér,cérb^v		cér,cérbh^v
dá		–		dá mba,dá mb’^v
de/do		dar,darb^v		dar,darbh^v
faoi		faoinar,faoinarb^v		faoinar,faoinarbh^v
i		inar,inarb^v		inar,inarbh^v
le		lenar,lenarb^v		lenar,lenarbh^v
má		más		mába,máb’^v
mura		mura,murab^v		murar,murarbh^v
ó(preposition)		ónar,ónarb^v		ónar,ónarbh^v
ó(conjunction)		ós		óba,ób’^v
trí		trínar,trínarb^v		trínar,trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

References

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^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page97

Italian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmu.ra/
Rhymes:-ura
Hyphenation:mù‧ra

Noun

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mura f pl

plural ofmuro(“wall”)
(plural only)city walls,battlements

Verb

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mura

inflection ofmurare:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Japanese

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Romanization

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mura

Rōmaji transcription ofむら

Machame

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Noun

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mura

water

References

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Philippson, Gérard,Gens des bananeraies. Contribution linguistique à l'histoire culturelle des Chaga du Kilimandjaro (1984, 'cahier' 16, Paris,Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations)

Maori

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Etymology

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Sense of colour from backformation ofmuramura “colourful”

Verb

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mura

toburn (of firewood), toblaze
Synonym:kā
toglow
Synonyms:hana,ura,ramarama
toblush, toredden
Synonyms:whero,ura,whakaura

Adjective

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mura

brilliant orbright in colour

Noun

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mura

glow
Synonyms:hana,ura,uranga
colour
Synonyms:tae,kano

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Noun

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mura f

definite singular ofmure

Verb

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mura

past tense ofmure
supine ofmure

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsemúra.

Verb

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mura (present tensemurar,past tensemura,past participlemura,passive infinitivemurast,present participlemurande,imperativemura/mur)

alternative form ofmure

“mura” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈmuro]

Noun

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mura f (pluralmuras)

(Guardiol)wall

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*mūrā. Which is a borrowing from Latinmūrus.

Noun

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*mūra f

wall

Inflection

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Declension ofmūra (feminine ō/ōn-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	mūra	mūra,mūron
accusative	mūra,mūron	mūra,mūron
genitive	mūron	mūrono
dative	mūron	mūron

Descendants

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Middle Dutch:muur
- Dutch:muur
  - Afrikaans:muur
  - Negerhollands:muur
- Limburgish:moer
- West Flemish:meur

References

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“mūra”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Old High German

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Alternative forms

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mūri

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-West Germanic*mūrā, borrowed fromLatinmūrus, fromProto-Italic*moiros, fromProto-Indo-European*mey- +*-rós.

Noun

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mūra f

wall

Declension

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Declension ofmūra (ō-stem)
case	singular	plural
nominative	mūra	mūrā
accusative	mūra	mūrā
genitive	mūra	mūrōno
dative	mūru	mūrōm

Derived terms

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mūrāri

Descendants

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Middle High German:mūre,miure,mūr,miur
- Alemannic German:Muur
- Central Franconian:Mouer(Moselle)
  - Hunsrik:Mauer
  - Luxembourgish:Mauer
- German:Mauer
- Rhine Franconian:Mauer,Muur
  - Frankfurterisch: [mauæ̆]
- Yiddish:מויער(moyer)
- → Polish:mur (see there for further descendants)

References

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Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “mūra”, inAlthochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[4] (in German), 6th edition

Old Norse

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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mura f (genitivemuru)

silvergrass,goosegrass

Descendants

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Icelandic:mura
Faroese:mura
Norwegian Nynorsk:mure
Norwegian Bokmål:mure

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Hyphenation:mu‧ra

Verb

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mura

inflection ofmurar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

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Etymology

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Frommoare(“sauerkraut brine”), probably fromLatinmuries,muria.

Verb

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a mura (third-person singular presentmură,past participlemurat) 1st conjugation

topickle

Conjugation

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conjugation ofmura (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

number		singular			plural
infinitive			amura
gerund			murând
past participle			murat
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	murez	murezi	murează	murăm	murați	murează
	imperfect	muram	murai	mura	muram	murați	murau
	simple perfect	murai	murași	mură	murarăm	murarăți	murară
	pluperfect	murasem	muraseși	murase	muraserăm	muraserăți	muraseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
subjunctive	present	sămurez	sămurezi	sămureze	sămurăm	sămurați	sămureze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		murează			murați
	negative		numura			numurați

Derived terms

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Rwa

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Noun

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mura

water

References

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Philippson, Gérard,Gens des bananeraies. Contribution linguistique à l'histoire culturelle des Chaga du Kilimandjaro (1984, 'cahier' 16, Paris,Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations)

Scottish Gaelic

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /muɾə/

Conjunction

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mura

not,unless

Usage notes

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This is the negative form of the conjunctionsma(“if”).
Also used as the negative form of conjunctionsnan/nam ("if" inconditional clauses).

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾa/[ˈmu.ɾa]
Rhymes:-uɾa
Syllabification:mu‧ra

Verb

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mura

inflection ofmurar:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Swedish

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Etymology

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mur(“(free-standing) wall, brick”) +‎-a

Verb

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mura (presentmurar,preteritemurade,supinemurat,imperativemura)

(usually with a particle) tobrick, towall (build with bricks)
mura igen/för
brick up
mura in
immure
mura fast
fix in position with bricks and/or mortar
enmurad skorsten
abrick chimney

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofmura (weak)
	active		passive
infinitive	mura		muras
supine	murat		murats
imperative	mura		—
imper. plural¹	muren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	murar	murade	muras	murades
ind. plural¹	mura	murade	muras	murades
subjunctive²	mure	murade	mures	murades

present participle		murande
past participle		murad

¹ Archaic.² Dated. Seethe appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

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References

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Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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mora —obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

Etymology 1

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Uncertain. Dempwolff (1934—1938) posited this (along with the Malay etymon and cognates in Javanese, Malagasy, Ngaju Dayak and Toba Dayak) to be inherited fromProto-Austronesian*mudaq(“cheap; easy”), but this would result in the Tagalog being *murà (/ˈmuɾaʔ/). Blust (2010) posits this (and cognates) are a possibly a borrowing fromMalaymurah.

Pronunciation

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(Standard Tagalog)IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾa/[ˈmuː.ɾɐ]
Rhymes:-uɾa
Syllabification:mu‧ra

Adjective

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mura (Baybayin spellingᜋᜓᜇ)

cheap
Synonym:barato
Antonym:mahal

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Clipping ofalimura or possibly similar to etymology 1, with the sense of degrading someone's worth. Comparemahal(“precious; high value; love”),Bikol Centralmuda(“swear word”),Hiligaynonmulay(“to criticize maliciously; todisparage”).