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mean

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:MEAN,meán,andmeán-

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishmenen(to intend; remember; lament; comfort), fromOld Englishmǣnan(to mean, complain),Proto-West Germanic*mainijan, fromProto-Germanic*mainijaną(to mean, think; complain), fromProto-Indo-European*meyn-(to think), or perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*meyno-, extended form ofProto-Indo-European*mey-.

Germanic cognates includeWest Frisianmiene(to deem, think) (Old Frisianmēna(to signify)),Dutchmenen(to believe, think, mean) (Middle Dutchmenen(to think, intend)),Germanmeinen(to think, mean, believe),Old Saxonmēnian. Indo-European cognates includeOld Irishmían(wish, desire) andPolishmienić(to signify, believe). Non-Indo-European cognates includeFinnishmainita(to mention),Finnishmeinata(to mean, to plan, to intend)Estonianmainima(to mention),Northern Samimáinnastit(to tell). Related tomoan.

Verb

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mean (third-person singular simple presentmeans,present participlemeaning,simple past and past participlemeant)

  1. To intend.
    1. (transitive) Tointend, toplan (to do); to have as one's intention.[from 8th c.]
      I didn'tmean to knock your tooth out.
      Imean to go to Baddeck this summer.
      Imeant to take the car in for a smog check, but it slipped my mind.
      The authorsmeant a challenge to the status quo.
    2. (intransitive) To have as intentions of a given kind.[from 14th c.]
      Don't be angry; shemeant well.
    3. (transitive, usually in passive) Tointend (something) for a given purpose or fate; topredestine.[from 16th c.]
      Actually this desk wasmeant for the subeditor.
      Man was notmeant to question such things.
    4. (transitive) Tointend an ensuing comment or statement as an explanation.
      Your reasoning seems needlessly abstruse, complex, and verbose for me. Imean, could you dumb it down for my sake?
  2. To convey (a meaning).
    1. (transitive) Toconvey (a given sense); tosignify, orindicate (an object or idea).[from 8th c.]
      The sky is red this morning—does thatmean we're in for a storm?
      • 2013 May,China (Lonely Planet)‎[1], 13th edition,→ISBN,→OCLC, page[2]:
        There are four weekly services to Pyongyang (; Pingrang; hard-sleeper ¥1164-1214, soft-sleeper ¥1692-1737). The K27 and K28 both leave twice a week from Beijing Train Station,meaning there’s a train on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday.
      • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):
        An artificial kidney these days stillmeans a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.
    2. (transitive) Of a word, symbol etc: to have reference to, tosignify.[from 8th c.]
      What does this hieroglyphmean?
      • 2010, Alexander Humez, Nicholas Humez, Rob Flynn,Short Cuts: A Guide to Oaths, Ring Tones, Ransom Notes, Famous Last Words, and Other Forms of Minimalist Communication, Oxford University Press US,→ISBN,page33:
        A term should be included if it's likely that someone would run across it and want to know what itmeans. This in turn leads to the somewhat more formal guideline of including a term if it is attested and idiomatic.
    3. (transitive) Of a person (or animal etc): to intend toexpress, toimply, tohint at, toallude.
      I'm afraid I don't understand what youmean.
      He is a little different,if you know what Imean.
  3. (transitive) To haveconviction in (something said or expressed); to be sincere in (what one says).[from 18th c.]
    Does she reallymean what she said to him last night?
    Say what you mean andmean what you say.
  4. (transitive) Tocause orproduce (a givenresult); tobring about (a given result).[from 19th c.]
    One faltering stepmeans certain death.
    • 2012 May 19, Paul fletcher, “Blackpool 1-2 West Ham”, inBBC Sport:
      It was a goal thatmeant West Ham won on their first appearance at Wembley in 31 years, in doing so becoming the first team since Leicester in 1996 to bounce straight back to the Premier League through the play-offs.
    • 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, inThe Economist, volume411, number8891:
      One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains.[]But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject,means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in dire need of repair.
  5. (usually withto) To be of some level of importance.
    That little dogmeant everything to me.
    Formality and titlesmean nothing in their circle.
  6. (Ireland, UK regional) Tolament.
    Synonyms:grieve,mourn;see alsoThesaurus:lament
    • c.1385,William Langland,Piers Plowman, section III:
      Thanne morned Mede · andmened hire to the kynge / To haue space to speke · spede if she myȝte.
    • 1560 (1677), Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. iii. (1677), page 144:
      They were forced tomean our estate to the Queen of England.
    • 1803, Sir Walter Scott,Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, page276:
      If you should die for me, sir knight, There's few for you willmeane, [...]
    • 1845, Wodrow Society,Select Biographies:
      All the tyme of his sickness he never said, "Alace!" ormeaned any pain, whilk was marvellous. Never man died in greater peace of mind or body.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to intend; plan on doing
to have intentions of some kind
to intend (something) for a given purpose or fate
to convey, indicate
to signify
to intend to express, to imply, to hint at, to allude
to have conviction in what one says
to result in; bring about
to be important
to complain, lament
to pity, comfort
to be of some level of importance
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishmene,imene, fromOld Englishmǣne,ġemǣne(common, public, general, universal), fromProto-West Germanic*gamainī, fromProto-Germanic*gamainiz(common), fromProto-Indo-European*mey-(to change, exchange, share).Doublet ofcommon.

Cognate withWest Frisianmien(general, universal),Dutchgemeen(common, mean),Germangemein(common, mean, nasty),Danishgemen,Gothic𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃(gamains,common, unclean),Latincommūnis(shared, common, general) (Old Latincomoinem).

Adjective

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mean (comparativemeaner,superlativemeanest)

  1. (obsolete)Common;general.
  2. (now rare) Of a common or low origin, grade, or quality; common;humble.
    a man ofmean parentage
    amean abode
  3. Low in quality or degree;inferior;poor;shabby.
    Synonyms:cheap,grotty;see alsoThesaurus:low-quality
    amean appearance
    amean dress
  4. Without dignity of mind; destitute of honour;low-minded;spiritless;base.
    Synonyms:base,ignoble,selfish,unkind,vile
    Antonyms:lofty,noble,honorable
    amean motive
    It wasmean of you to steal that little girl's piggy bank.
  5. Of little value or worth; worthy of little or no regard;contemptible;despicable.
    • 1708, [John Philips], “(please specify the page)”, inCyder. [], London: [] J[acob] Tonson, [],→OCLC:
      The Roman legions and great Caesar found / Our fathers nomean foes.
  6. (chiefly UK)Ungenerous;stingy;tight-fisted.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:stingy
    He's somean. I've never seen him spend so much as five pounds on presents for his children.
  7. Disobliging; pettilyoffensive orunaccommodating.
  8. Intending to causeharm, successfully or otherwise; bearingill will towards another.
    Synonyms:cruel,malicious,nasty
    Watch out for her, she'smean. I said good morning to her, and she punched me in the nose.
  9. Powerful;fierce;strong.
    Synonyms:harsh,damaging,fierce
    It must have been amean typhoon that levelled this town.
    • 2020 February 23, Drachinifel, 8:48 from the start, inThe Drydock - Episode 082[4], archived fromthe original on8 August 2022:
      []in the context of ships availableat the time, theywere aircraft carrier - fleet carriers. Now, granted, they may not have been the biggest and largest andmeanest fleet carriers around, but they certainlywere fleet carriers.
  10. (colloquial)Hearty;spicy.
    • 2003 July, Debra Phillips,The High Price of a Good Man: A Novel[5], New York City:St. Martin's, page29:
      We were sitting in Poetta’s candlelit kitchen waiting for some of her gut-burningchili to get done. Everybody that knows Poetta knows that she makes amean chili that if you eat it by lunchtime, it can clean out your entire system by the end of the day.
    • 2021 July, Margaret Loudon,A Fatal Footnote[6], New York City:Berkley,→ISBN, page109:
      She wasn’t the most accomplished cook in the world but she cold make amean stew, she knew how to roast a chicken, and she could whip up eggs at least three different ways.
  11. (colloquial) Accomplished with great skill;deft; hard to compete with.
    Synonyms:deft,skillful,top-notch
    Your mother can roll amean cigarette.
    He hits amean backhand.
    • 2017 October 6, Claire Martin, “A Robot Makes a Mean Caesar Salad, but Will It Cost Jobs?”, inThe New York Times[7],→ISSN:
      A Robot Makes aMean Caesar Salad, but Will It Cost Jobs? [title]
  12. (informal, often childish)Difficult,tricky.
    This problem ismean!
Derived terms
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Translations
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intending to cause harm, successfully or otherwise
miserly, stingy
low-minded; acting without consideration of others
powerful; fierce; harsh; damaging
low in quality; inferior
accomplished with great skill; deft; hard to compete with
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishmeene, borrowed fromOld Frenchmeien (Frenchmoyen),Late Latinmediānus(that is in the middle, middle), fromLatinmedius(middle). Cognate withmid. For the musical sense, compare the cognateItalianmezzano.Doublet ofmedian andmizzen.

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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mean (notcomparable)

  1. Having themean (see noun below) as its value;average.
    Themean family has 2.4 children.
    • 1960 April 7, “Communist China's Achievements in Numerical Weather Forecasting”, in氣象學報[8], volume XXX, number 3,United States Joint Publications Research Service,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on17 April 2022, page 4:
      In the mountain region of A-erh-t'ai Shan and Hsiang-t'ien Shan⁷, if themean west wind velocity is five meters per second, the high tendency at 700mb on the anterior mountain slope may exceed 40 meters in 12 hours.
  2. (obsolete)Middling;intermediate;moderately good, tolerable.
Derived terms
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terms derived from mean (adjective)
Related terms
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Translations
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having the mean as its value
middling; moderately good

Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

mean (pluralmeans)

  1. (now chiefly in theplural) Amethod or course of action used to achieve some result.[from 14th c.]
    • 1603,Michel de Montaigne, chapter 5, inJohn Florio, transl.,The Essayes [], book II, London: [] Val[entine] Simmes forEdward Blount [],→OCLC:
      To say truth, it is ameane full of uncertainty and danger.
    • c.1812,Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Essays:
      You may be able, by thismean, to review your own scientific acquirements.
    • 1860, William Hamilton,Lectures on Metaphysics:
      Philosophical doubt is not an end, but amean.
    • 2011 April 14, “Rival visions”, inThe Economist:
      Mr Obama produced an only slightly less ambitious goal for deficit reduction than the House Republicans, albeit working from a more forgiving baseline: $4 trillion over 12 years compared to $4.4 trillion over 10 years. But themeans by which he would achieve it are very different.
  2. (obsolete, in thesingular) Anintermediate step or intermediate steps.
    • a.1563, Thomas Harding, "To the Reader", inThe Works of John Jewel (1845 ed.)
      Verily in this treatise this hath been mine only purpose; and themean to bring the same to effect hath been such as whereby I studied to profit wholesomely, not to please delicately.
    • 1606,The Trials of Robert Winter, Thomas Winter, Guy Fawkes, John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, Rob. Keyes, Thomas Bates, and Sir Everard Digby, at Westminster, for High Treason, being Conspirators in the Gunpowder-Plot:
      That it was lawful and meritorious to kill and destroy the king, and all the said hereticks. — Themean to effect it, they concluded to be, that, 1. The king, the queen, the prince, the lords spiritual and temporal, the knights and burgoses of the parliament, should be blown up with powder. 2. That the whole royal issue male should be destroyed. S. That they would lake into their custody Elizabeth and Mary the king's daughters, and proclaim the lady Elizabeth queen. 4. That they should feign a Proclamation in the name of Elizabeth, in which no mention should be made of alteration of religion, nor that they were parties to the treason, until they had raised power to perform the same; and then to proclaim, all grievances in the kingdom should be reformed.
    • a.1623,John Webster,The Duchess of Malfi
      Apply desperate physic: / We must not now use balsamum, but fire, / The smarting cupping-glass, for that's themean / To purge infected blood, such blood as hers.
  3. Something which isintermediate or in the middle; anintermediatevalue orrange of values; amedium.[from 14th c.]
    • 1997, John Llewelyn Davies with David J. Vaughan,Republic, translation of original by Plato, page263:
      Then will not this constitution be a kind ofmean between aristocracy and oligarchy?
    • 1996, Harris Rackham,The Nicomachean Ethics, translation of original by Aristotle, page118:
      as amean, it implies certain extremes between which it lies, namely the more and the less
    • 1875, William Smith and Samuel Cheetham, editors,A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities,Little, Brown and Company, volume 1, page 10, s.v.Accentus Ecclesiasticus,
      It presents a sort ofmean between speech and song, continually inclining towards the latter, never altogether leaving its hold on the former; it is speech, though always attuned speech, in passages of average interest and importance; it is song, though always distinct and articulate song, in passages demanding more fervid utterance.
  4. (music, now historical) The middle part of three-part polyphonic music; now specifically, thealto part in polyphonic music; analto instrument.[from 15th c.]
    • 1624, John Smith,Generall Historie, Kupperman, published1988, page147:
      Of these [rattles] they have Base, Tenor, Countertenor,Meane, and Treble.
  5. (statistics) Theaverage of a set of values, calculated by summing them together and dividing by the number of terms; thearithmetic mean.[from 15th c.]
  6. (mathematics) Anyfunction of multiplevariables that satisfies certain properties and yields anumberrepresentative of itsarguments; or, the number so yielded; ameasure of central tendency.
    • 1997,Angus Deaton,The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy,[9] World Bank Publications,→ISBN,page 51:
      Note that (1.41) is simply the probability-weightedmean without any explicit allowance for the stratification; each observation is weighted by its inflation factor and the total divided by the total of the inflation factors for the survey.
    • 2002,Clifford A. Pickover,The Mathematics of Oz: Mental Gymnastics from Beyond the Edge[10], Cambridge University Press,→ISBN, page246:
      Luckily, even though the arithmeticmean is unusable, both the harmonic and geometricmeans settle to precise values as the amount of data increases.
    • 2003, P. S. Bullen,Handbook of Means and Their Inequalities[11], Springer,→ISBN, page251:
      The generalized powermeans include powermeans, certain Ginimeans, in particular the counter-harmonicmeans.
  7. (mathematics) Either of the two numbers in the middle of a conventionally presented proportion, as2 and3 in1:2=3:6.
    • 1825, Silvestre François Lacroix, translated by John Farrar,An Elementary Treatise on Arithmetic, third edition, page 102:
      ...if four numbers be in proportion, the product of the first and last, or of the two extremes, is equal to the product of the second and third, or of the twomeans.
    • 1999, Dawn B. Sova,How to Solve Word Problems in Geometry, McGraw-Hill,,→ISBN, page85:
      Using themeans-extremes property of proportions, you know that the product of the extremes equals the product of themeans. The ratiot/4 = 5/2 can be rewritten ast:4 = 5:2, in which the extremes aret and 2, and themeans are 4 and 5.
    • 2007, Carolyn C. Wheater,Homework Helpers: Geometry, Career Press,,→ISBN, page99:
      In1827=23{\displaystyle {\frac {18}{27}}={\frac {2}{3}}}, the product of themeans is227{\displaystyle 2\cdot 27}, and the product of the extremes is183{\displaystyle 18\cdot 3}. Both products are 54.
Hypernyms
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Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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method by which something is done
intermediate step
intermediate value
alto, in music
arithmetic mean
the statistical value
mathematics: either of the two numbers in the middle of a conventionally presented proportion
See also
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishmean.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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mean

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)mean(unkind; offensive)

Verb

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mean

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to bemean towards someone

Manx

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishmedón(middle, centre), fromLatinmediānus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mean m (genitive singular[please provide],plural[please provide])

  1. centre,middle
    Shareçhyndaacabbilaynsmean ny h-aahnagoll ervaih.Better to change horses in mid ford than to drown.
  2. interior
    Tarstiagh aynsmean ykillagh.Come into the body of the church.
  3. average
    Trogmaydmean.We will strike an average.

Derived terms

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  • meanagh(center, central; intermediate; centric, centrical,adj)
  • mean scoill(secondary school, college)

Mutation

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Mutation ofmean
radicallenitioneclipsis
meanveanunchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishmenbach(small), from aProto-Celtic derivation of the root*mey-(small, little). Cognate withLatinminus,minor,minutus andAncient Greekμινύθω(minúthō,lessen).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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mean

  1. little,tiny

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation ofmean
radicallenition
meanmhean

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Spanish

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Verb

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mean

  1. third-personpluralpresentindicative ofmear

Tetum

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*(ma-)iʀaq, compareMalaymerah.

Adjective

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mean

  1. red
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