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mask

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Mask,mask.,andmāsk-

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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masque(obsolete)

Pronunciation

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A man wearing a mask
President ofTaiwanTsai Ing-wen wearing a mask

Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromMiddle Frenchmasque(a covering to hide or protect the face), fromItalianmaschera(mask, disguise), from (a byform of, see it for more)Medieval Latinmasca,mascha, a borrowing ofProto-West Germanic*maskā from whichEnglishmesh is regularly inherited.

ReplacedOld Englishgrīma(mask), whencegrime, and displaced non-nativeMiddle Englishviser(visor, mask) borrowed fromOld Frenchviser,visier.

Compare alsoHebrewמַסֵּכָה(masseiḥa).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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mask (pluralmasks)

  1. Acover, or partial cover, for theface, used for disguise or protection.
    a dancer'smask; a fencer'smask; a ball player'smask
    • 2022 March 1,Joe Biden, “Remarks of President Joe Biden –State of the Union Address As Prepared for Delivery”, inwhitehouse.gov[1], archived fromthe original on02 March 2022:
      Just a few days ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention—the CDC—issued newmask guidelines.
      Under these new guidelines, most Americans in most of the country can now bemask free.
      And based on the projections, more of the country will reach that point across the next couple of weeks.
  2. That whichdisguises; apretext orsubterfuge.
    • 2021 October 26, Stephanie Zacharek, “The 19 Most Underrated Movies on Netflix”, inTime[2]:
      Grouchy and wary and tender, he’s a sozzled hedonist seemingly out for himself—though his party-animal facade is just amask for his bottomless generosity.
  3. (poetic)Appearance,likeness.
  4. A festiveentertainment of dancing or other diversions, where all wear masks; amasquerade.
    • 1667,John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, inParadise Lost. [], London: [] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker [];[a]nd by Robert Boulter [];[a]nd Matthias Walker, [],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: [], London: Basil Montagu Pickering [],1873,→OCLC:
      This thought might lead me through the world's vainmask.
  5. A person wearing a mask.
    • 1880,George Washington Cable,The Grandissimes: A Story of Creole Life:
      themask that has the arm of the Indian queen
    • 1749, Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
      Jones, now taking themask by the hand, fell to entreating her in the most earnest manner, to acquaint him where he might find Sophia; and when he could obtain no direct answer, he began to upbraid her gently[]
  6. (obsolete) A dramaticperformance in which the actors wore masks and represented mythical or allegorical characters.
  7. (architecture) Agrotesque head or face, used to adornkeystones and other prominent parts, to spout water in fountains, and the like.
    Synonym:mascaron
  8. (fortification) In a permanent fortification, aredoubt which protects thecaponiere.
  9. (fortification) Ascreen for abattery.
  10. (zoology) Thelowerlip of thelarva of adragonfly, modified so as to form aprehensile organ.
  11. (publishing, film) Aflatcovering used to block off an unwanted portion of ascene orimage.
  12. (computing, programming) Apattern ofbits used inbitwiseoperations;bitmask.
  13. (computer graphics) A two-color (black and white)bitmap generated from animage, used to createtransparency in the image.
  14. (heraldry) The head of afox, shown face-on and cut off immediately behind the ears.
    A fox's mask.
Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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cover for the face
that which disguises
festive entertainment
dramatic performance
architecture: grotesque head or face
fortification: redoubt which protects the caponiere
fortification: screen for a battery
zoology: lower lip of the larva of a dragon fly
pattern of bits used in bitwise operations
two-color bitmap used to create transparency in an image
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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mask (third-person singular simple presentmasks,present participlemasking,simple past and past participlemasked)

  1. (transitive) Tocover (the face or something else), in order toconceal the identity or protect against injury; to cover with a mask or visor.
  2. (transitive) Todisguise as something else.
  3. (transitive) Toconceal fromview orknowledge; tocover; tohide.
    • c.1606 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene i]:
      Masking the business from the common eye
    • 1998, Rudolf Jakhel,Modern Sports Karate: Basics of Techniques and Tactics, Meyer & Meyer Sport,→ISBN:
      The opponent must not be able to recognize when we inhale and when we exhale. We achieve this by breathing with the diaphragm and we do not raise the shoulders while breathing. In particular we mustmask when we are out of breath.
    • 2020, Lisa Morgan, Mary Donahue,Living with PTSD on the Autism Spectrum: Insightful Analysis with Practical Applications, Jessica Kingsley Publishers,→ISBN, page118:
      Many autistic people have language and cognitive skills; [and] theymask their autism, cover up social discomfort, and work hard to be someone they are not, so people often see them as “fitting in” just fine.
  4. (transitive, military) Toconceal; also, to intervene in the line of.
  5. (transitive, military) Tocover or keep in check.
    tomask a body of troops or a fortess by a superior force, while some hostile evolution is being carried out
  6. (intransitive) To take part as amasker in a masquerade.
  7. (intransitive) Towear a mask.
    • 2020 December 30, Jaren Kerr, “Flu almost non-existent this year as coronavirus cases rise across Canada”, inThe Globe and Mail[3]:
      Dr. Shelita Dattani, director of professional affairs at the Canadian Pharmacists Association, says[]. “The efforts that we’re taking to reduce the spread of COVID are working … people aremasking and distancing and staying away from each other and using hand hygiene, so I think all of these efforts combined are contributing to lower rates.”
  8. (intransitive, obsolete) To disguise oneself, to be disguised in any way.
  9. (intransitive) To conceal or disguise one'sautism.
    • 2018, Sally Cat,PDA by PDAers: From Anxiety to Avoidance and Masking to Meltdowns, Jessica Kingsley Publishers,→ISBN, page86:
      Masking is exhausting and some autistics require copious amounts of time afterwards to recover from hiding who they are and pretending to be someone they aren't. Even when autisticsmask they don't always pass fully as an NT person.
    • 2021, Yenn Purkis, Wenn B. Lawson,The Autistic Trans Guide to Life, Jessica Kingsley Publishers,→ISBN, page132:
      So, masking seems to be a very poor explanation for the difference in gender diagnosis of autism. In particular, masking requires theory of mind. How can autistic people successfullymask if they struggle with this ability?
  10. (transitive) tocover orshield a part of a design or picture in order to prevent reproduction or to safeguard the surface from the colors used when working with an air brush or painting
  11. (transitive, computing) Toset orunset (certainbits, or binary digits, within a value) by means of abitmask.
    • 1993, Richard E. Haskell,Introduction to computer engineering, page287:
      That is, the lower nibble (the 4 bits 1010 = A) has beenmasked to zero. This is because ANDing anything with a zero produces a zero, while ANDing any bit with a 1 leaves the bit unchanged[]
  12. (transitive, computing) Todisable (aninterrupt, etc.) by setting or unsetting the associatedbit.
    • 1998, Rick Grehan, Robert Moote, Ingo Cyliax,Real-Time Programming: A Guide to 32-bit Embedded Development,page199:
      Some hardware interrupts can bemasked, or disabled; that is, the CPU is told to ignore them.
  13. (psychology, of anautistic person) To learn, practice, and perform certain behaviors and suppress others in order to appear moreneurotypical.
    • 2020, Sarah Kurchak,I Overcame My Autism and All I Got Was This Lousy Anxiety Disorder,unnumbered page:
      Masking can leave a person with less energy to handle other aspects of their day, from performing basic housework to processing thoughts and feelings.
    • 2021, Felicity Sedgewick, Laura Hull, Helen Ellis,Autism and Masking: How and Why People Do It, and the Impact It Can Have,page220:
      Some group members describemasking during therapy in order to seem more likeable to the therapist, or because they felt it necessary in order to be seen as engaging with the support.
    • 2022, Hannah Louise Belcher,Taking Off the Mask: Practical Exercises to Help Understand and Minimise the Effects of Autistic Camouflaging,page80:
      Kayleigh, who was finally diagnosed at 18, felt that shemasked a lot growing up because she "always felt different and was bullied if [she] showed it both at home and in school".
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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to cover, as the face
to disguise as something else
to conceal from view or knowledge
military: to conceal
military: to cover or keep in check
to take part as a masker in a masquerade
to wear a mask
to disguise oneself
to conceal or disguise one's autism
to cover or shield a part of a design or picture
computing: to use bitmask
computing: to disable by setting or unsetting the associated bit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
2. 변장하다, 위장하다, 숨기다
3. 숨기다
4. 위장하다

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishmaske, fromOld Englishmax,masċ(net), fromProto-West Germanic*maskā(mesh, netting, mask).Doublet ofmesh andmask above.

Noun

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mask (pluralmasks)

  1. mesh
  2. (UK dialectal, Scotland) The mesh of a net; anet; net-bag.

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle English*mask,masch, fromOld Englishmāx,māsc(mash).Doublet ofmash.

Noun

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mask (pluralmasks)

  1. (UK dialectal)Mash.

Verb

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mask (third-person singular simple presentmasks,present participlemasking,simple past and past participlemasked)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) Tomash.
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal)(brewing) Tomixmalt with hot water to yieldwort.
  3. (transitive, Scotland dialectal) To beinfused orsteeped.
  4. (UK dialectal, Scotland) To prepare tea in a teapot; alternative tobrew.

Etymology 4

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FromMiddle Englishmasken, short for*maskeren,malskren(to bewilder; be confused, wander). More atmasker.

Verb

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mask (third-person singular simple presentmasks,present participlemasking,simple past and past participlemasked)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) Tobewilder;confuse.

References

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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishmask.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mask

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)facial mask

Synonyms

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References

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Estonian

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EstonianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaet

Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchmasque

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Noun

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mask (genitivemaski,partitivemaski)

  1. mask

Declension

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Declension ofmask (ÕS type22e/riik, length gradation)
singularplural
nominativemaskmaskid
accusativenom.
gen.maski
genitivemaskide
partitivemaskimaske
maskisid
illativemaski
maskisse
maskidesse
maskesse
inessivemaskismaskides
maskes
elativemaskistmaskidest
maskest
allativemaskilemaskidele
maskele
adessivemaskilmaskidel
maskel
ablativemaskiltmaskidelt
maskelt
translativemaskiksmaskideks
maskeks
terminativemaskinimaskideni
essivemaskinamaskidena
abessivemaskitamaskideta
comitativemaskigamaskidega

Compounds

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Further reading

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  • mask”, in[EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2009
  • mask”, in[ÕS]Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2018,→ISBN
  • mask inSõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
en mask (daggmask(earthworm)) (sense 1)
en mask (sense 1)

Etymology 1

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FromOld Swedishmaþker, fromOld Norsemaðkr. Cognate withEnglishmawk,Danishmaddike andFinnishmatikka.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mask c

  1. aworm
    användamask som bete
    use aworm /worms as bait
    Hunden harmask
    The dog hasworms
Usage notes
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Sometimes collectively, like in the examples above.

Declension
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Declension ofmask
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitemaskmasks
definitemaskenmaskens
pluralindefinitemaskarmaskars
definitemaskarnamaskarnas
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromFrenchmasque.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mask c

  1. amask (cover designed to disguise or protect the face)
    ta på sig enmask
    put on amask
Declension
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Declension ofmask
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitemaskmasks
definitemaskenmaskens
pluralindefinitemaskermaskers
definitemaskernamaskernas
Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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