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ma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ma"
Languages (115)
English
Acehnese • Afar • Afrikaans • Ajië • Akkadian • Alemannic German • Anaang • Anguthimri • 'Are'are • Aromanian • Asturian • Bambara • Bavarian • Breton • Cameroon Pidgin • Caolan • Catalan • Chamorro • Champenois • Cimbrian • Coatepec Nahuatl • Dama (Sierra Leone) • Dorze • Dutch • Efik • Estonian • Finnish • Franco-Provençal • French • Friulian • German • Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Ido • Interlingua • Istriot • Italian • Japanese • Jarawa • Kabyle • Kavalan • Keoru-Ahia • Kikuyu • Ladino • Lala (South Africa) • Lhao Vo • Ligurian • Linngithigh • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Maltese • Mandarin • Maonan • Maricopa • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle English • Mursi • Neapolitan • Nefamese • Nigerian Pidgin • North Frisian • Northern Ndebele • Old Czech • Old English • Old French • Old Frisian • Old Irish • Omaha-Ponca • Opao • Orokolo • Phalura • Pipil • Pitjantjatjara • Pohnpeian • Polish • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Salar • Samoan • Savi • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Situ • Slovak • Spanish • Sumerian • Suri • Swazi • Tagalog • Tahitian • Tairuma • Tat • Tày • Teanu • Ternate • Toaripi • Tokelauan • Tz'utujil • Veps • Vietnamese • Vilamovian • Vilela • Warao • West Makian • Wolof • Wutunhua • Xhosa • Yola • Zazaki • Zhuang • Zulu
Page categories

English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ma (pluralmas)

  1. (astronomy, usually in theplural)Abbreviation ofmilli-arcsecond.

Etymology 2

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The sound, which parents interpret as a reference to themselves, is very commonly made by infants. For more on the linguistic process whereby infants' monosyllables are tied to ancient word roots for parents, seemama,papa,mātēr, andpatēr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ma (pluralmas)

  1. (colloquial, and in direct address)mother,mama
    Coordinate term:pa
  2. (colloquial) Thelandlady of atheater.
    • 1949, Shaw Desmond,The Edwardian Story, page322:
      [] that dear little man writing in the guestbook of the "Ma" or theatrical landlady[]
Usage notes
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  • Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person.
    Hey,Ma, I’d like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Synonyms
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terms synonymous with "ma"
Translations
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colloquial form of mother
References
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  • (landlady of a theater):1984, Jonathon Green,Newspeak.

See also

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Etymology 3

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Abbreviation.

Noun

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ma

  1. May.
Usage notes
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  • Usually capitalised asMa.

Etymology 4

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Frommy.

Determiner

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ma

  1. (dialectal, informal)Alternative spelling ofmy

Etymology 5

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FromCantonese(maa3,of course!).[1]

Particle

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ma

  1. (Manglish, Singlish)Alternative form ofmah

Etymology 6

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FromMandarin (ma).

Particle

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ma

  1. (Chinese Malaysian andSingaporean)Alternative spelling ofmah

Etymology 7

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Japanese

Noun

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ma (uncountable)

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
  1. (art)Negative space inJapaneseart.

References

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  1. ^Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta (2004) “mah”, inA Dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English

Anagrams

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Acehnese

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Noun

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ma

  1. mother

References

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Afar

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Afroasiatic*ma, *mi-.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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(bound formmaa-)

  1. what?what kind of?

Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ma”, inAn Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN

Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ma (pluralma's)

  1. mom,mother

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Ajië

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. and

References

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Akkadian

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Etymology

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Unknown. CompareGe'ez-መ(-mma) (emphatic enclitic).

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ma

  1. (enclitic)and,but
  2. (enclitic)used to stress single words, especially the predicate of nominal clauses
    𒌓𒈠𒈠[ūmamma]u₄-ma-mathisvery day

Alternative forms

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Cuneiform spellings
Phonetic
  • 𒈠(ma)

References

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Alemannic German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanman, fromOld High Germanman, fromProto-Germanic*mann-.

Noun

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ma m(Gressoney, Issime)

  1. man
  2. husband

References

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Anaang

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Verb

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  1. tolove

Further reading

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  • Cristiane Benjamin Santos,Aspectos morfossintáticos dos pronomes pessoais em Anaan (2007)
  • Bruce Connell,Lower Cross Wordlist

Anguthimri

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Noun

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ma

  1. (Mpakwithi)man

Verb

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ma

  1. (transitive, Mpakwithi) tohear
  2. (transitive, Mpakwithi) tolisten

References

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  • Terry Crowley,The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187

'Are'are

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. and

References

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Aromanian

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinmagis. CompareRomanianmai.

Adverb

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ma

  1. more

Etymology 2

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FromItalianma.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. but,yet
  2. if

Asturian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Seemadre

Noun

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ma f (pluralmas)

  1. mother
    Synonym:madre

Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ma

  1. sea cow

Etymology 2

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Verb

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ma(auxiliary)

  1. (verbal auxiliary)marks an action which is not accomplished
    A ma na fɔlɔ
    He has not come yet
    Sirajɛ ma taa dɔgɔ la
    Siraje did not go to the market

References

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Bavarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Unstressed form ofmia

Pronoun

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ma

  1. me(dative)
  2. we

See also

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Bavarian personal pronouns
nominativeaccusativedative
stressedunstressedstressedunstressedstressedunstressed
1st person singularimimia (mir)ma
2nd person singularinformaldudidia (dir)da
formalSieEahnaEahna
3rd person singularmeraeahm'neahm'n
nes,des'sdes's
fse,de'sse'sihr
1st person pluralmia (mir)maunsuns
2nd person plural,ihrenk,eichenk,eich
3rd person pluralse'seahnaeahna

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle High Germanman, fromOld High Germanman, fromProto-West Germanic*mann, fromProto-Germanic*mann-(person). CompareGermanman andDutchmen.

Pronoun

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ma

  1. one,you(indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular)
    Ma waß nia, wås an erwoat.You never know what to expect.
  2. they,people(people in general)
    Des sågtma hoid a so.That's just the waypeople say it.
  3. they(some unspecified group of people)

Breton

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Etymology 1

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

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ma

  1. my

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

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ma

  1. good!

Etymology 3

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

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ma

  1. that
  2. if
Synonyms
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Cameroon Pidgin

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Determiner

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ma

  1. Alternative spelling ofmy(1st person singular possessive determiner)

Caolan

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Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Noun

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ma

  1. horse

Catalan

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*mam, reduced form ofLatinmeam.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ma

  1. femininesingular ofmon

Chamorro

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. they

Usage notes

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See also

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Chamorro personal pronouns
singularplural inclusiveplural exclusive
hu-type pronouns
1st personhutain
2nd personunen
3rd personhama
yoʼ-type pronouns
1st personyoʼhitham
2nd personhaohamyo
3rd persongueʼsiha
emphatic pronouns
1st personguahuhitahami
2nd personhaguhamyo
3rd personguiyasiha

References

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  • Donald M. Topping (1973)Chamorro Reference Grammar[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Champenois

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Alternative forms

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  • (Langrois)mo

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchmes,Latinmagis.

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ma/

Noun

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ma

  1. (Troyen, Langrois)but

References

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  • Daunay, Jean (1998)Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
  • Baudoin, Alphonse (1885)Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux[3] (in French), Troyes

Cimbrian

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle High Germanmāne, fromOld High Germanmāno, fromProto-West Germanic*mānō, fromProto-Germanic*mēnô(moon).

Noun

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ma m

  1. (Tredici Comuni)moon
Alternative forms
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References

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Etymology 2

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An unstressed pronunciation ofmånn(man).

Pronoun

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ma

  1. (Luserna)one,you(indefinite pronoun)

References

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Coatepec Nahuatl

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Noun

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ma

  1. hand.

Dama (Sierra Leone)

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Etymology

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Related to widespread words for "mother" and related respectful terms for women across West Africa.

Noun

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ma

  1. mother-in-law

References

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  • Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, inSierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages50–54

Dorze

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Noun

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ma

  1. bee (insect)

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ma f (pluralma's,diminutivemaatje n)

  1. (informal)mother

Synonyms

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Descendants

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  • Negerhollands:maa

See also

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Efik

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Verb

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  1. love,like

Further reading

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Estonian

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Etymology

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Abbreviation ofmina, fromProto-Finnic*minä, fromProto-Uralic*minä.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma (genitivemu,partitivemind,long formmina)

  1. I(1st person singular personal pronoun)

Usage notes

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  • Used unstressed in a sentence; when the pronoun is stressed,mina is used.

Declension

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Declension ofma
1st personsingularplural
longshortlongshort
nominativeminamameieme
genitiveminumumeieme
partitivemindmeid
illativeminussemussemeisse
inessiveminusmusmeis
elativeminustmustmeist
allativeminulemullemeile
adessiveminulmulmeil
ablativeminultmultmeilt
translativeminuksmeieksmeiks
terminativeminunimeieni
essiveminunameiena
abessiveminutameieta
comitativeminugamugameiega

See also

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Estonian personal pronouns
singularplural
longshortlongshort
1st personminamameieme
2nd personfamiliarsinasateiete
politeTeieTe
3rd personanimatetematanemadnad
inanimateseeneed

Further reading

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  • ma”, in[EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2009
  • ma”, in[ÕS]Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2018,→ISBN
  • ma inSõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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ma

  1. Abbreviation ofmaanantai(Monday).

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Seeminä; developed through contraction. CompareEstonianma.

Pronoun

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ma(poetic, archaic)

  1. (personal)I
Declension
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Other forms than the nominative generally align with.

Synonyms
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  • minä(standard Finnish; see it for full list)

Franco-Provençal

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Determiner

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ma

  1. femininesingular ofmon

French

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchma, fromLatinmeam.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ma f

  1. femininesingular ofmon
    Ma mère est venue me voir.
    My mother came to see me.

Related terms

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French possessive determiners
possessee
singularplural
mf
possessorsingular1stmon1mames
2ndton1tates
3rdson1sases
plural1stnotrenos
2ndvotre2vos2
3rdleurleurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel ormute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologismsman,tan,san. These are extremely rare.

Descendants

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  • Louisiana Creole:

Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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FromLatinmagis.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. but

German

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ma

  1. (colloquial)Pronunciation spelling ofmal.

Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. 2nd-person singular pronoun:you
  2. 2nd-person plural pronoun:you
  3. 2nd-person singular possessive pronoun:your
  4. 2nd-person plural possessive pronoun:your

See also

[edit]
Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai personal pronouns
singularplural
1st personnyanya,nyáji
2nd personmama,máji
3rd personnyihá,nyithányihá,nyiháji

Hawaiian

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ma

  1. in,at

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Probably related tomás.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ma

  1. today
    Synonym:(folksy)máma
    Coordinate terms:holnap,tegnap
    • 1975,Imre Kertész, translated by Tim Wilkinson,Sorstalanság, Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó (2016),→ISBN, page 5:
      Ma nem mentem iskolába. Azaz mentem, de csak, hogy hazakéredzkedjem az osztályfőnökömtől.
      I didn’t go to schooltoday. Or rather, I did go, but only to ask my class teacher’s permission to take the day off.
  2. (attributively, before anytime of day)this ……(morning etc.),to-……(as in “tonight”)
    mareggel/délelőttthis morning
    madélutánthis afternoon
    maestethis evening
    maéjjel/éjszakatonight
    mahajnalban,délben,éjfélkorat dawn, noon, midnighttoday

Noun

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ma (usuallyuncountable, pluralmák)

  1. (usually preceded by the definite article “a)today(the present time period; nowadays)

Declension

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The suffixed singular formsmáig,mára,mához,máról, andmától are common, whilemát,mának,mával,máért,mában,mánál,mába, andmából occur mostly in a figurative sense, referring to the present time. The phraseamainap is commonly used in its literal sense, adding suffixes tonap instead of this term. Its plural forms are virtually non-existent.

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativema
accusativemát
dativemának
instrumentalmával
causal-finalmáért
translativemává
terminativemáig
essive-formalmaként
essive-modal
inessivemában
superessivemán
adessivemánál
illativemába
sublativemára
allativemához
elativemából
delativemáról
ablativemától
non-attributive
possessive – singular
máé
non-attributive
possessive – plural
máéi

Its (single- and multiple-possession) possessive forms are hardly if ever used.

Possessive forms ofma
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.mám
2nd person sing.mád
3rd person sing.mája
1st person pluralmánk
2nd person pluralmátok
3rd person pluralmájuk

Derived terms

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Expressions

Related terms

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Further reading

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchmais,Italianma,Portuguese andSpanishmas, all fromLatinmagis, fromProto-Indo-European*méǵh₂s.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. but

Synonyms

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Interlingua

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Etymology

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FromItalianma.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. but

Istriot

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatinmagis.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. but
    • 1877, Antonio Ive,Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page68:
      Ma sulo i tuoi bai uoci, anema meîa,
      But only your beautiful eyes, oh soul of mine

Italian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

[edit]

FromLatinmagis.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. but

See also

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Noun

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ma f

  1. Abbreviation ofmamma.

Interjection

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ma

  1. (informal, emphatic) indicatesemotion oremphasis
    Ma che carino!Oh, how cute!
  2. (informal)used to introduce a newtopic or aquestion
    Ma...tu sei di Roma?So...you're from Rome?

Further reading

[edit]

Japanese

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Romanization

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ma

  1. Thehiragana syllable(ma) or thekatakana syllable(ma) inHepburn romanization.

Jarawa

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Etymology

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Cognate toÖngemi(I; me).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. me;us(singular and plural first-person pronoun in theaccusative case)

Usage notes

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The pronounmi can also be used in the accusative case, but it is less common thanma. When used in possessive constructions, the choice of pronoun is largely determined byvowel harmony.

See also

[edit]
Jarawa pronouns
PersonDefault formAccusative formPrefixed form
1stmimam-
2ndŋiŋaŋ-
ninan-
ənən-
3rdhi,əhihiwah-,hi-,ih-,he-,əh-
ən(for generic third-person)

References

[edit]
  • Kumar, Pramod (2012)Descriptive and Typological Study of Jarawa[5] (PhD). Jawaharlal Nehru University. Page 76—85.

Kabyle

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. if

Kavalan

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ma

  1. only

Noun

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ma

  1. daddy;father(term of address)

Keoru-Ahia

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. water

References

[edit]

Kikuyu

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
As for Tonal Class, Benson (1964) classifies this term into Class 3 with a monosyllabic stem, together withrũkũ, and so on.

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. truth[2]

Adverb

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ma

  1. truly[2]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ma

  1. (for class 6)of
    magutamambarĩki
    castor oil
    (literally, “oilof castor bean(s)”)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Yukawa, Yasutoshi (1981). "A Tentative Tonal Analysis of Kikuyu Nouns: A Study of Limuru Dialect." InJournal of Asian and African Studies, No. 22, 75–123.
  2. 2.02.1“ma” in Benson, T.G. (1964).Kikuyu-English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Ladino

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOld Spanishmas, fromLatinmagis(more).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

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ma (Hebrew spellingמה)[1]

  1. but
    Synonyms:ama,pero
    • 1979 July, Moshe Shaul, “Istoria i Dezvelopamiento del Djudeo-Espaniol”, inAki Yerushalayim[6], archived fromthe original on3 December 2020, page11:
      La primera de eyas es ke el djudeo-espaniol kontiene un grande numero de arkaizmos o sea, palavras ke eran empleadas en Espania asta el siglo XVma ke dezparesieron dezde entonses de su vokabulario, mientres ke en el djudeo-espaniol kontinuan a existir asta oy.
      The first of them is that Judeo-Spanish contains a large number of archaisms, or rather, words that were used in Spain until the 15th centurybut which disappeared after then from its vocabulary, while in Judeo-Spanish they continue to be used to this day.
    • 2020 January 29, Metin Delevi, “El 27 de Enero es el dia de memoria de las viktimas del Nazismo, del Olokosto…”, inŞalom[7]:
      Devemos de saver ke el antisemitizmo es una de las formas ekstremas del rasizmoma ay otras formas de rasizmo i devemos de luchar kon todo modo forma del rasizmo.
      We must know that antisemitism is one of the extreme forms of racism,but there are other forms of racism and we must fight every form of racism.
  2. why

References

[edit]
  1. ^ma”, inTrezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

Lala (South Africa)

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Bantu*-jɪ́ma.

Verb

[edit]

-má

  1. tostand

Lhao Vo

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate withBurmeseအမွေ(a.mwe).

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. inheritance
  2. heirloom

References

[edit]
  • Dr. Ola Hanson,A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Ligurian

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ma

  1. but

Linngithigh

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Paman *pama.

Noun

[edit]

ma(ergativemal, dativemaw)

  1. man,person

Livonian

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Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Shorter form ofminā.

Pronoun

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ma

  1. I;first person pronoun, referring to the speaker

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofma
singular(ikšlug)plural(pǟgiņlug)
nominative(nominatīv)minā
ma
mēg
meg
genitive(genitīv)minmäd
partitive(partitīv)mīndamēḑi
dative(datīv)minnõn
min
mäddõn
män
instrumental(instrumentāl)minkõksmädkõks
illative(illatīv)minnõ
minnõz
mēži
inessive(inesīv)minsõmēši
elative(elatīv)minstõmēšti

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013),Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām,→ISBN

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ma

  1. third-personsingularpresent ofměś

Maltese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromArabicمَا(,not).

Adverb

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ma

  1. not;used to negate verbs and pronominal adverbs
    Illumma nixrobx.I donot drink today.
    Qattma nixrob.Inever drink. / I donot ever drink.
    • 2008, Trevor Żahra,Il-Ġenn li Jżommni f’Sikti, Merlin Publishers,→ISBN:
      Kulħadd jibża’ u ħaddma jabbuża jmissu!
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Generally used together with the negative ending-x attached to the verb or pronominal adverb. This ending is absent, however, when another negative word is used, such asqatt(never),ebda(no, none),ħadd(nobody),xejn(nothing).

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromArabicمَا(,what).

Pronoun

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ma

  1. (relative)Alternative form ofli(who, which, that), used in some fossiled expressions
    L-ewwelma tiekol, l-għajn.
    You eat with your eyes first.
    (literally, “The firstthat eats is the eye.”)
  2. (obsolete, with comparative adjective)how (as in “how beautiful is...”)
    Synonym:kemm
    • ca. 1760,G.P.F. Agius de Soldanis,Discorso tra due contadini sopra le nuove correnti:
      Rait e Sultana, umakbar umesbahh ma hi, ma t challi hhasra, ghaliesc i enghat li t-arga mnein giet.
      Rajt is-Sultana. Uma akbar uma isbaħ ma hi! Imma tħalli ħasra, għaliex jingħad li terġa’ mnejn ġiet.
      I saw the Sultana [a captured Turkish ship]. Andhow big andhow beautiful she is! But is a pity, because they say she will go back to where she came from.
Derived terms
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Mandarin

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Romanization

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ma (ma5 /ma0,Zhuyin˙ㄇㄚ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of /
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of

ma

  1. Nonstandard spelling of.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maonan

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Noun

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ma

  1. dog

Maricopa

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Noun

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ma

  1. milk

Mbyá Guaraní

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Adverb

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ma

  1. already

Particle

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ma

  1. separates thetopic from the rest of the sentence.
    Ojamahaku.
    As for the pan, it is hot.

Middle English

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. Alternative form ofman(one, you)

Mursi

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Etymology

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Cognate withSurima.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /mà/,[mà]
  • Hyphenation:ma

Noun

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ma (Ethiopic script)

  1. water
  2. river

References

[edit]
  • David Turton, Moges Yigezu, Olisarali Olibui (2008) “ma”, inMursi-English-Amharic dictionary,→ISBN, page117
  • Firew Girma Worku (2020)A grammar of Mursi, page123

Neapolitan

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Etymology

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FromLatinmagis. CompareItalianma,Frenchmais.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. but

Nefamese

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Etymology

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FromAssameseমা(ma),Early Assameseমাৱ(mawo), fromPrakrit𑀫𑀸𑀬𑀸(māyā), fromSanskritमाता(mātā).

Noun

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ma

  1. mother,mom

Nigerian Pidgin

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Etymology

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FromEnglishmy.

Determiner

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ma (with tonal diacritic: má)

  1. my

North Frisian

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Preposition

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ma

  1. (Mooring)with

Northern Ndebele

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bantu*-jɪ́ma.

Verb

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-má

  1. tostand

Inflection

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This verb needs aninflection-table template.

Old Czech

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Etymology

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Derived from the 1st person dual suffix-ma, which itself is a neologism, found in 15th century texts, derived from the 1st person dual suffix-va under the influence of the 1st person plural suffices-m/-me/-my. There aren't many attestations of this pronoun.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. (rare)wetwo(first person dual)
    Synonyms:,va

Declension

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Declension of the personal pronouns
Singular1st person2nd personReflexive
Nominativejáz,ty
Genitivemne,tebe,sebe,
Dativemně,mitobě,tisobě,si
Accusative,mne,tebe,sebe
Locativemnětoběsobě
Instrumentalmnútobú,tebúsobú,sebú
Possessivemójtvójsvój
Dual1st person2nd personReflexive
Nominative,va,mavy
Genitivenajúvajúsebe,
Dativenámavámasobě,si
Accusativeny,najúvy,vajú,sebe
Locativenajúvajúsobě
Instrumentalnámavámasobú,sebú
Possessivenáš,najúváš,vajúsvój
Plural1st person2nd personReflexive
Nominativemyvy
Genitivenásvássebe,
Dativenám,nemvám,vemsobě,si
Accusativeny,násvy,vás,sebe
Locativenásvássobě
Instrumentalnámivámisobú,sebú
Possessivenášvášsvój

References

[edit]

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*maiz. Cognate withOld Frisian,Old Saxonmēr,Old Dutchmēr,Old High Germanmēr,Old Norsemeir,Gothic𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃(mais).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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  1. more
    • late 9th century,King Alfred'stranslation ofBoethius'Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89
      Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum.
      By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind,more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.
    • The Life of Saint Margaret
      Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran."
      The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear onemore word out of your mouth."
  2. further
    • late 9th century,King Alfred'stranslation ofBoethius'The Consolation of Philosophy
      Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē be gode recce.
      Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct theefurther concerning good;...
  3. instead,rather

Adjective

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(indeclinable)

  1. more(often + genitive)
    • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Saint Maur, Abbot"
      Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā muneca wunian...
      Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that nomore monks could dwell there...

Usage notes

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The expectedcomparative andsuperlative forms of,māra andmǣst, occur, but are traditionally considered to besuppletive forms ofmiċel instead.

Old French

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Etymology

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FromLatinmeam.

Determiner

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ma f (masculinemon,pluralmes)

  1. my (first-person singular possessive)

Descendants

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Old Frisian

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. one

Old Irish

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. Alternative spelling of

Omaha-Ponca

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Noun

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ma

  1. snow

References

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Opao

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Noun

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ma

  1. water

References

[edit]

Orokolo

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Noun

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ma

  1. water

References

[edit]

Phalura

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Etymology

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FromSanskrit(ma,1sg (base of oblique cases)).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma (personal,Perso-Arabic spellingمہ)

  1. I (1sg nom, subject), me (1sg direct object)

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • máa-(Forming one phonological word with following postposition or clitic, e.g. máathe 'me, to me' with the 'to'.)

References

[edit]
  • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ma”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, inA Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Pipil

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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  1. Subjunctive marker
    Nechilwijketmanikinkwepili musta
    They told me to return it to them tomorrow
    Tikajkawatma seseya paltikwat
    We leave it to cool down so we can eat it
  2. Clipping ofmaka. (Negative imperative marker)
    Mashina kiuni!
    Don't say that!

Usage notes

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  • The particlema helps disambiguating many of the subjunctive forms from the present indicative or imperative forms.

Verb

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-má

  1. Clipping of-maka.

Pitjantjatjara

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Adverb

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ma

  1. away

Pohnpeian

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. if

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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ma

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofmieć
    Andrzejma 18 lat.Andrzej is 18 years old.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronoun

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ma

  1. (literary)Alternative form ofmoja.

Further reading

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  • ma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Contraction

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ma

  1. Contraction ofmea(her/it to me).

Romani

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Etymology

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Inherited fromPrakrit𑀫𑀸(), fromAshokan Prakrit𑀫𑀸(), fromSanskritमा().

Particle

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ma

  1. don't(prohibitive particle)

References

[edit]
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “māˊ”, inA Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press,page574
  • Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “ma¹”, inWörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN, page172a
  • Marcel Courthiade (2009) “ma (and-e rokhimàta)”, in Melinda Rézműves, editor,Morri angluni rromane ćhibǎqi evroputni lavustik = Első rromani nyelvű európai szótáram : cigány, magyar, angol, francia, spanyol, német, ukrán, román, horvát, szlovák, görög [My First European-Romani Dictionary: Romani, Hungarian, English, French, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Romanian, Croatian, Slovak, Greek] (overall work in Hungarian and English), Budapest: Fővárosi Onkormányzat Cigány Ház--Romano Kher,→ISBN, page231a

Romanian

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Adverb

[edit]

ma

  1. Obsolete form ofmai.

References

[edit]
  • ma in Academia Română,Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010.→ISBN

Salar

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. and

Samoan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate withMaorime andHawaiianme.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. and
  2. because

Preposition

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ma

  1. with

Savi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromSanskritमया(mayā) or another form ofअहम्(aham,I).

Pronoun

[edit]

ma

  1. I;first-person singular personal pronoun

References

[edit]
  • Knobloch, Nina (2020)A grammar sketch of Sauji: An Indo-Aryan language of Afghanistan[9], Stockholm: Stockholm University

Scots

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ma

  1. Alternative form ofmy

References

[edit]

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Irish, fromProto-Celtic*mā,*ma (compareCornish andBretonmar), fromProto-Indo-European*meh₂.

Conjunction

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ma

  1. if
    Ma tha thu ’g iarrraidh sin…If you want that…
    Ma bhios tu…/Ma bhitheas tu…If you will be…/If you are… (habitual)

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Where followed by the ‘future’ tense, the correspondingrelative verb-form is used.
    Dèan e,ma thogras tu.
    Do it, if you want.
  • In theconditional tense, instead ofma,nan/nam is used in positive sentences andmura/mur/mana in negative ones.

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromItalianma, reinforced byAncient Greekμά(); both ultimately fromLatinmagis.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /mâ/
  • Hyphenation:m‧a

Interjection

[edit]

(Cyrillic spellingма̏)

  1. bah,whatever
  2. Placed at the beginning of a sentence to add intensity and surprise
    Ma kako?!How?!
    Ma gdje?Where in the world...?
    Ma da?Really?
    Ma to je on!That's definitely him!
  3. Placed at the beginning of a sentence to express dismissal and indignation
    Ma ne.No way.
    Ma daj.Oh come on.
    Ma kakvi.Impossible.
  4. Used to emphasize sarcasm
    Ma da!/Ma svakako!/Ma naravno!Yeah, sure.
    Ma nemoj.Oh you don't say?
    Ma nikad niste vi krivi.Of course it can never be your fault.

Situ

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Proto-Sino-Tibetan*ma.

Particle

[edit]

ma

  1. not,no;negative particle

Further reading

[edit]
  • M. Prins,A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects: A Web of Relations (2016) (and earlierA Web of Relations: A Grammar of rGyalrong, Jiǎomùzú (Kyom-kyo) Dialects, 2011)

Slovak

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ma

  1. genitive/accusative ofja

Spanish

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Noun

[edit]

ma f (pluralmas)

  1. (Latin America)mum;mom

Further reading

[edit]

Sumerian

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

ma

  1. Romanization of𒈠(ma)

Suri

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • 1999, Michael Bryant,Aspects of Tirmaga Grammar (in notes, asma)
  • Michael Bryant,A Brief Grammar of the Suri Language (2011) (as)

Swazi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Bantu*-jɪ́ma.

Verb

[edit]

-́ma

  1. tostand
  2. tostop, towait

Inflection

[edit]

This verb needs aninflection-table template.

Tagalog

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Influenced by Baybayin character(ma).

Noun

[edit]

ma (Baybayin spelling)

  1. the name of theLatin-script letterM/m, in theAbakada alphabet
    Synonyms:(in the Filipino alphabet)em,(in the Abecedario)eme

See also

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma (Baybayin spelling)

  1. Clipping ofmama:mom

Etymology 3

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma (Baybayin spelling)

  1. (zoology)mollusk with ashell that looks like acoat of mail

Further reading

[edit]
  • ma”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Anagrams

[edit]

Tahitian

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ma

  1. and

Preposition

[edit]

ma

  1. with

Tairuma

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. Alternative form ofma'a

References

[edit]

Tat

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate withPersianماه(mâh).

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. moon

Tày

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Tai*ʰmaːᴬ(dog). Cognate withThaiหมา(mǎa),Northern Thaiᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ,Laoໝາ(),Tai Damꪢꪱ,ᦖᦱ(ṁaa),Shanမႃ(mǎa),Tai Nüaᥛᥣᥴ(máa),Aitonမႃ(),Ahom𑜉𑜠(ma),Zhuangma,Saekหม่า.

Noun

[edit]

ma (𬍄)

  1. (zoology)dog
Synonyms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Lương Bèn (2011)Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎[10][11] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor,Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[12] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromVietnamesema.

Noun

[edit]

ma ()

  1. ghost

Teanu

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Vanikoro*ma, fromProto-Oceanic*lima, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*lima, fromProto-Austronesian*lima.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. arm
  2. hand

References

[edit]

Ternate

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ma

  1. relative clause introducer;which,that
    Synonym:yang

References

[edit]
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001)A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toaripi

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. (Toaripi, Kaipi, Sepoe)water

References

[edit]

Tokelauan

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*ma. Cognates includeMaori andSamoanma.

Conjunction

[edit]

ma

  1. Joins noun clauses;and,with
    • 1948,Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[13], page 1:
      Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemuma te fiafia.
      This foundation is recognised in the villages and if its people repeatedly do things together, and [if] they live together in peaceand happiness.
  2. Joins verb clauses;and,also,too
    • 1948,Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎[14], page 1:
      Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nukuma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi,ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
      This foundation is recognised in the villagesand if its people repeatedly do things together,and [if] they live together in peace and happiness.

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*ma.

Preposition

[edit]

ma

  1. from,awayfrom

Etymology 3

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

ma

  1. Marks a prospective role of the subject;as,for

References

[edit]
  • R. Simona, editor (1986),Tokelau Dictionary[15], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page198

Tz'utujil

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ma

  1. not

Veps

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Finnic*maa, fromProto-Uralic*mëxe.

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. earth
  2. ground
  3. soil
  4. land,country,region
  5. state

Inflection

[edit]
Inflection ofma (inflection type 13/ma)
nominative sing.ma
genitive sing.man
partitive sing.mad
partitive plur.maid
singularplural
nominativemamad
accusativemanmad
genitivemanmaiden
partitivemadmaid
essive-instructivemanmain
translativemaksmaikš
inessivemasmaiš
elativemaspäimaišpäi
illativemahamaihe
adessivemalmail
ablativemalpäimailpäi
allativemalemaile
abessivematamaita
comitativemankemaidenke
prolativemadmemaidme
approximative Imannomaidenno
approximative IImannoksmaidennoks
egressivemannopäimaidennopäi
terminative Imahasaimaihesai
terminative IImalesaimailesai
terminative IIImassai
additive Imahapäimaihepäi
additive IImalepäimailepäi

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]
 ma on Vietnamese Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

Sino-Vietnamese word from.

The modern Vietnamese usage ofma(ghost) andquỷ(demon; ogre) is contrary to that ofMandarin(,demon) and(guǐ,ghost). This can be exemplified in the pairma đói vs. /饿(ngạquỷ,preta).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(classifiercon) ma

  1. ghost (spirit appearing after death)
  2. (archaic) ademon
    Synonym:quỷ

Derived terms

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

ma

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of

Derived terms

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Vilamovian

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ma

  1. (indefinite)one,they(indefinite third-person singular pronoun)

Vilela

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ma

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • Bernard Comrie, Lucía Golluscio,Language Contact and Documentation (2015,→ISBN
  • Bartolomé Tavera-Acosta,En el sur: (Dialectos indígenas de Venezuela) (1907)

Warao

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ma

  1. my
    Ma rahe hakaya.
    My brother runs.
    Natuma tatutuma iji minajara?[1]
    Granny, have you not seenmy wives?
  2. me,accusative ofiné
    Ma hube abuae.
    A snake bitme.
    Ihima isiko naonahara?[2]
    Don't you come withme?

References

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  1. ^Vaquero 1965.274, 278
  2. ^Romero-Figueroa 1985a.109

West Makian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. (animate)third-person possessive pronoun,its
    mene memo omathis ishis child (literally, “this (is) hehis child”)
    da kabimo gouthe goat's leg
Usage notes
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The possessive pronounma follows West Makianvowel harmony, and as such may surface asme,mi, ormo.

Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ma

  1. (distal)that,those
    Synonym:mema
    Antonym:ne
    palama ilamothat house is large
    omamathose children

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ma

  1. then
    toi ipongi,ma tasagal yoif it rains,then I won't go

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982)The Makian languages and their neighbours[17], Pacific linguistics

Wolof

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. me(first-person singular object pronoun)

See also

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Wolof personal pronouns
singular subjectplural subjectsingular objectplural object
1st personmannunmanu
2nd personyowyeenlaleen
3rd personmoomñoomkoleen

Wutunhua

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Probably related toMandarin (me).

Pronoun

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ma

  1. what(interrogative)
Related terms
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Etymology 2

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FromMandarin /().

Noun

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ma

  1. horse

References

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  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008)Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume466, LINCOM Europa,→ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016)A Grammar of Wutun[18], University of Helsinki (PhD),→ISBN

Xhosa

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bantu*-jɪ́ma.

Verb

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-̂ma

  1. (intransitive) tohalt
  2. (intransitive) tostop

Inflection

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This verb needs aninflection-table template.

Derived terms

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Yola

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Verb

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ma

  1. Alternative form ofmye(may)
    • 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page137, line 2:
      When ye Lord plaase, Hema mend this,
      [When the Lord please, Hemay mend this,]

References

[edit]
  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, inJournal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎[19], volume17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page137

Zazaki

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ma

  1. we; us (first-person plural personal pronoun)

Zhuang

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Tai*ʰmaːᴬ(dog). Cognate withThaiหมา(mǎa),Northern Thaiᩉ᩠ᨾᩣ,Laoໝາ(),ᦖᦱ(ṁaa),Tai Damꪢꪱ,Shanမႃ(mǎa),Tai Nüaᥛᥣᥴ(máa),Aitonမႃ(),Ahom𑜉𑜠(ma),Saekหม่า.

Noun

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ma (classifierduz,Sawndip forms𬌫oror𬍄or𰡪orororor𭸱,1957–1982 spellingma)

  1. dog
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromProto-Tai*ʰmaːᴬ(tocome). Cognate withThaiมา(maa),Northern Thaiᨾᩣ(ma),Laoມາ(),ᦙᦱ(maa),Tai Nüaᥛᥣᥰ(mäa),Shanမႃး(máa),Aitonမႃ(),Ahom𑜉𑜠(ma) or𑜉𑜡() or𑜉𑜡𑜠(māa).

Verb

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ma (Sawndip formsor⿸广末ororor⿸广处or𮜃or⿰么馬or⿰㐅馬or𫹞or,1957–1982 spellingma)

  1. tocome back; toreturn
See also
[edit]

Zulu

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bantu*-jɪ́ma.

Verb

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-má

  1. (intransitive) tostand, to be standing
  2. (intransitive) to standstill, to notmove
  3. (intransitive) tostop, to come to astandstill, tohalt

Inflection

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tone H, latenti (infinitiveukuma)
positivenegative
infinitiveukumaukungemi
imperative
simple+ object concord
singularyima-me
pluralyimani-meni
stative
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngimiengimingimiangimiengingemingingemi
2nd singularumiomiumiawumiongemiungemi
1st pluralsimiesimisimiasimiesingemisingemi
2nd pluralnimieniminimianimieningeminingemi
class 1umiomiemiakemiongemiengemi
class 2bemiabemibemiabemiabangemibengemi
class 3umiomiumiawumiongemiongemi
class 4imiemiimiayimiengemiingemi
class 5limielimilimialimielingemilingemi
class 6emiemiemiawemiangemiengemi
class 7simiesimisimiasimiesingemisingemi
class 8zimiezimizimiazimiezingemizingemi
class 9imiemiimiayimiengemiingemi
class 10zimiezimizimiazimiezingemizingemi
class 11lumiolumilumialumiolungemilungemi
class 14bumiobumibumiabumiobungemibungemi
class 15kumiokumikumiakumiokungemikungemi
class 17kumiokumikumiakumiokungemikungemi
present
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngiyema,ngimaengimayo,engimangimaangimiengingemingingemi
2nd singularuyema,umaomayo,omaumaawumiongemiungemi
1st pluralsiyema,simaesimayo,esimasimaasimiesingemisingemi
2nd pluralniyema,nimaenimayo,enimanimaanimieningeminingemi
class 1uyema,umaomayo,omaemaakemiongemiengemi
class 2bayema,bemaabemayo,abemabemaabemiabangemibengemi
class 3uyema,umaomayo,omaumaawumiongemiungemi
class 4iyema,imaemayo,emaimaayimiengemiingemi
class 5liyema,limaelimayo,elimalimaalimielingemilingemi
class 6ayema,emaemayo,emaemaawemiangemiengemi
class 7siyema,simaesimayo,esimasimaasimiesingemisingemi
class 8ziyema,zimaezimayo,ezimazimaazimiezingemizingemi
class 9iyema,imaemayo,emaimaayimiengemiingemi
class 10ziyema,zimaezimayo,ezimazimaazimiezingemizingemi
class 11luyema,lumaolumayo,olumalumaalumiolungemilungemi
class 14buyema,bumaobumayo,obumabumaabumiobungemibungemi
class 15kuyema,kumaokumayo,okumakumaakumiokungemikungemi
class 17kuyema,kumaokumayo,okumakumaakumiokungemikungemi
recent past
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngimile,ngimēengimile,engimēngimile,ngimēangimangaengingemangangingemanga
2nd singularumile,umēomile,omēumile,umēawumangaongemangaungemanga
1st pluralsimile,simēesimile,esimēsimile,simēasimangaesingemangasingemanga
2nd pluralnimile,nimēenimile,enimēnimile,nimēanimangaeningemanganingemanga
class 1umile,umēomile,omēemile,emēakemangaongemangaengemanga
class 2bemile,bemēabemile,abemēbemile,bemēabemangaabangemangabengemanga
class 3umile,umēomile,omēumile,umēawumangaongemangaungemanga
class 4imile,imēemile,emēimile,imēayimangaengemangaingemanga
class 5limile,limēelimile,elimēlimile,limēalimangaelingemangalingemanga
class 6emile,emēemile,emēemile,emēawemangaangemangaengemanga
class 7simile,simēesimile,esimēsimile,simēasimangaesingemangasingemanga
class 8zimile,zimēezimile,ezimēzimile,zimēazimangaezingemangazingemanga
class 9imile,imēemile,emēimile,imēayimangaengemangaingemanga
class 10zimile,zimēezimile,ezimēzimile,zimēazimangaezingemangazingemanga
class 11lumile,lumēolumile,olumēlumile,lumēalumangaolungemangalungemanga
class 14bumile,bumēobumile,obumēbumile,bumēabumangaobungemangabungemanga
class 15kumile,kumēokumile,okumēkumile,kumēakumangaokungemangakungemanga
class 17kumile,kumēokumile,okumēkumile,kumēakumangaokungemangakungemanga
remote past
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngāmaengāmangāmaangimangaengingemangangingemanga
2nd singularwāmaowāmawāmaawumangaongemangaungemanga
1st pluralsāmaesāmasāmaasimangaesingemangasingemanga
2nd pluralnāmaenāmanāmaanimangaeningemanganingemanga
class 1wāmaowāmaāmaakemangaongemangaengemanga
class 2bāmaabāmabāmaabemangaabangemangabengemanga
class 3wāmaowāmawāmaawumangaongemangaungemanga
class 4yāmaeyāmayāmaayimangaengemangaingemanga
class 5lāmaelāmalāmaalimangaelingemangalingemanga
class 6āmaāmaāmaawemangaangemangaengemanga
class 7sāmaesāmasāmaasimangaesingemangasingemanga
class 8zāmaezāmazāmaazimangaezingemangazingemanga
class 9yāmaeyāmayāmaayimangaengemangaingemanga
class 10zāmaezāmazāmaazimangaezingemangazingemanga
class 11lwāmaolwāmalwāmaalumangaolungemangalungemanga
class 14bāmaobāmabāmaabumangaobungemangabungemanga
class 15kwāmaokwāmakwāmaakumangaokungemangakungemanga
class 17kwāmaokwāmakwāmaakumangaokungemangakungemanga
potential
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngingemangingemangingemengingeme
2nd singularungemaungemaungemeungeme
1st pluralsingemasingemasingemesingeme
2nd pluralningemaningemaningemeningeme
class 1angemaengemaangemeengeme
class 2bangemabengemabangemebengeme
class 3ungemaungemaungemeungeme
class 4ingemaingemaingemeingeme
class 5lingemalingemalingemelingeme
class 6angemaengemaangemeengeme
class 7singemasingemasingemesingeme
class 8zingemazingemazingemezingeme
class 9ingemaingemaingemeingeme
class 10zingemazingemazingemezingeme
class 11lungemalungemalungemelungeme
class 14bungemabungemabungemebungeme
class 15kungemakungemakungemekungeme
class 17kungemakungemakungemekungeme
immediate future
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngizokumaengizokumangizokumaangizukumaengingezukumangingezukuma
2nd singularuzokumaozokumauzokumaawuzukumaongezukumaungezukuma
1st pluralsizokumaesizokumasizokumaasizukumaesingezukumasingezukuma
2nd pluralnizokumaenizokumanizokumaanizukumaeningezukumaningezukuma
class 1uzokumaozokumaezokumaakazukumaongezukumaengezukuma
class 2bazokumaabazokumabezokumaabazukumaabangezukumabengezukuma
class 3uzokumaozokumauzokumaawuzukumaongezukumaungezukuma
class 4izokumaezokumaizokumaayizukumaengezukumaingezukuma
class 5lizokumaelizokumalizokumaalizukumaelingezukumalingezukuma
class 6azokumaazokumaezokumaawazukumaangezukumaengezukuma
class 7sizokumaesizokumasizokumaasizukumaesingezukumasingezukuma
class 8zizokumaezizokumazizokumaazizukumaezingezukumazingezukuma
class 9izokumaezokumaizokumaayizukumaengezukumaingezukuma
class 10zizokumaezizokumazizokumaazizukumaezingezukumazingezukuma
class 11luzokumaoluzokumaluzokumaaluzukumaolungezukumalungezukuma
class 14buzokumaobuzokumabuzokumaabuzukumaobungezukumabungezukuma
class 15kuzokumaokuzokumakuzokumaakuzukumaokungezukumakungezukuma
class 17kuzokumaokuzokumakuzokumaakuzukumaokungezukumakungezukuma
remote future
positive absolutepositive relativepositive participialnegative absolutenegative relativenegative participial
1st singularngiyokumaengiyokumangiyokumaangiyukumaengingeyukumangingeyukuma
2nd singularuyokumaoyokumauyokumaawuyukumaongeyukumaungeyukuma
1st pluralsiyokumaesiyokumasiyokumaasiyukumaesingeyukumasingeyukuma
2nd pluralniyokumaeniyokumaniyokumaaniyukumaeningeyukumaningeyukuma
class 1uyokumaoyokumaeyokumaakayukumaongeyukumaengeyukuma
class 2bayokumaabayokumabeyokumaabayukumaabangeyukumabengeyukuma
class 3uyokumaoyokumauyokumaawuyukumaongeyukumaungeyukuma
class 4iyokumaeyokumaiyokumaayiyukumaengeyukumaingeyukuma
class 5liyokumaeliyokumaliyokumaaliyukumaelingeyukumalingeyukuma
class 6ayokumaayokumaeyokumaawayukumaangeyukumaengeyukuma
class 7siyokumaesiyokumasiyokumaasiyukumaesingeyukumasingeyukuma
class 8ziyokumaeziyokumaziyokumaaziyukumaezingeyukumazingeyukuma
class 9iyokumaeyokumaiyokumaayiyukumaengeyukumaingeyukuma
class 10ziyokumaeziyokumaziyokumaaziyukumaezingeyukumazingeyukuma
class 11luyokumaoluyokumaluyokumaaluyukumaolungeyukumalungeyukuma
class 14buyokumaobuyokumabuyokumaabuyukumaobungeyukumabungeyukuma
class 15kuyokumaokuyokumakuyokumaakuyukumaokungeyukumakungeyukuma
class 17kuyokumaokuyokumakuyokumaakuyukumaokungeyukumakungeyukuma
present subjunctive
positivenegative
1st singularngimengingemi
2nd singularumeungemi
1st pluralsimesingemi
2nd pluralnimeningemi
class 1emeangemi
class 2bemebangemi
class 3umeungemi
class 4imeingemi
class 5limelingemi
class 6emeangemi
class 7simesingemi
class 8zimezingemi
class 9imeingemi
class 10zimezingemi
class 11lumelungemi
class 14bumebungemi
class 15kumekungemi
class 17kumekungemi
past subjunctive
positivenegative
1st singularngemangangema,angema,angangema
2nd singularwemawangema,awema,awangema
1st pluralsemasangema,asema,asangema
2nd pluralnemanangema,anema,anangema
class 1wemawangema,akema,akangema
class 2bemabangema,abema,abangema
class 3wemawangema,awema,awangema
class 4yemayangema,ayema,ayangema
class 5lemalangema,alema,alangema
class 6emaangema,awema,awangema
class 7semasangema,asema,asangema
class 8zemazangema,azema,azangema
class 9yemayangema,ayema,ayangema
class 10zemazangema,azema,azangema
class 11lwemalwangema,alwema,alwangema
class 14bemabangema,abema,abangema
class 15kwemakwangema,akwema,akwangema
class 17kwemakwangema,akwema,akwangema

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
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