1673,[Joseph Hill],The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice[…], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry,page[75]:
If we come underFrance, we have not onelySpaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but thelos of ourSpaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our wholeLevant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.
1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano,Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles[5],כנה:
Enlos kuentos djidiós Djohá es el furbo ke embrolia el no‐Djidió, komo enlos kuentos árabos el Djohá árabo aparese komo el ke riushe a “azersela” al Djidió¹¹.
Inthe Jewish accounts Djohá is the cunning one who confuses the gentile, as inthe Arab accounts Djohá seems like he succeeds at ‘becoming’ the Jew.
1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel,Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur[6], Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita,→OCLC,page12:
Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad. Siemprelos tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad
You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always havethem in memory; rescue your people.
↑1.01.1Dov Cohen and Ora (Rodrigue) Schwarzwald (19 June 2019), “Coṃpendio delas šeḥiṭót (Constantinople ca. 1510): The First Judeo-Spanish Printed Publication”, inJournal of Jewish Languages, volume 7, number 1, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV,→DOI,→ISSN, pages46–51
^“los”, inTrezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim
Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakoslos przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)
[Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakożlos przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]scantransliteration,transcription, numbers21, 19,Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczililoos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)
[Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścililos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]scantransliteration,transcription, numbers77, 60,Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, ylosem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)
[Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, ilosem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]
Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “los”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “los”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
Mańczak, Witold (2017), “los”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “los”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “los”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
Et dixieronlos ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.
And in theBook of Stonesthe wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.
c. 1140 to 1207, anonymous,Poem of the Cid 1263-1266:
Mandolos venir ala corth ⁊ a todos loᷤ iuntar Qͣndolos fallo por cuenta fizolos nonbrar Tres mill & ſeys çientos auie myo çid el de biuar Alegras le el coraçon ⁊ tornos aſonrriſar
He orderedthem to come to the court and to assemble, and when he foundthem there, he hadthem counted and recorded. My Cid of Vivar had 3600 men, his heart was pleased, and he began to smile.
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “los”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page222
^Matasović, Ranko,Dubravka Ivšić Majić,Tijmen Pronk (2021), “los”, inMatasović, Ranko, editor,Etimološki rječnik hrvatskoga jezika [Etymological dictionary of the Croatian language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumeII: O – Ž, Zagreb: Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, page565
2025 June 20, Randi Kaye and David von Blohn, “El ICE renueva acuerdo con el centro de detención que, según la agencia, no cumplía las normas”, inCNN en Español[7]:
Después de eso, dijo, lo pusieron en confinamiento solitario. “Mi cuerpo estuvo ardiendo durante días porquelos residuos del gas pimienta seguían en mi cuerpo”.
After that, he said, he was put in solitary confinement. "My body was burning for days becausethe residues of the pepper spray was still in my body".
Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
Ifle orles precedeslo,la,los, orlas in a clause, it is replaced withse (e.g.se lo dije instead of*le lo dije).
Used primarily in Spain.
Only used in certain circumstances and rarely as a subject pronoun.
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