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list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:List,-list,līst,лист,andліст

English

[edit]
WOTD – 19 October 2018
The whiteprintedstrip is theselvage of a piece ofcloth. Such selvage is sometimes made with list (sense 2)
A list (sense 3) of theRoman Catholicpopes buried inSt. Peter’s Basilica on aplaque at the entrance to theSacristy

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishlī̆st,lī̆ste(band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.), fromOld Englishlīste(hem, edge, strip), orOld Frenchliste,listre(border; band; strip of paper; list), orMedieval Latinlista,[1] all fromProto-West Germanic*līstā, fromProto-Germanic*līstǭ(band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge), possibly fromProto-Indo-European*leys-(to trace, track).

Cognates

Noun

[edit]

list (plurallists)

  1. Astrip offabric, especially from theedge of apiece ofcloth.
    • c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii],page62, column 1, lines27–34:
      1.Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire ofſheeres betweene vs. /Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene theLiſts, and theVeluet. Thou art theLiſt. / 1.Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a threepild-piece I warrant thee: I had asliefe be aLyſt of an EngliſhKerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?
      1st Gentleman. Well, you and I arecut from the same cloth. /Lucio. I agree: just as thelists [scraps from the edge of the cloth] and the velvet are from the same cloth. You are thelist. /1st Gentleman. And you are the velvet. You are good velvet; you are a three-piled piece, I'll bet. I would willingly be alist of an English kersey, than be full ofpiles [haemorrhoids], as you are piled, like a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?
    • 1889,Rudyard Kipling, “The Education of Otis Yeere”, inUnder the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published1899, page20:
      “Listen! I see it all — down, down even to the stays!Such stays! Six-eight a pair, Polly, with red flannel — orlist is it? — that they put into the tops of those fearful things. I can draw you a picture of them.”
    • 1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, inThe Poison Belt [], London; New York, N.Y.:Hodder and Stoughton,→OCLC:
      Why should we not send a message out over London which would attract to us anyone who might still be alive? I ran across, and pulling at thelist-covered rope, I was surprised to find how difficult it was to swing the bell.
  2. Material used for clothselvage.
    • 1871 September 18, “The Jewish New Year”, inThe Jewish Herald: A Record of Christian Effort for the Salvation of Israel, London: John Snow & Co., []; and theBritish Society[for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews], [], published 1 November 1871,→OCLC,page174:
      Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put onlist slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.
    • 1893,A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Naval Treaty”, inThe Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.:A. L. Burt,→OCLC; republished London:John Murray, [], January 1950,→OCLC,page255:
      "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting onlist slippers."
  3. Aregister orroll ofpaper consisting of acompilation orenumeration of aset of possibleitems; the compilation or enumeration itself.[from 1600]
    • 1625,Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, inThe Essayes [], 3rd edition, London: [] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret,→OCLC,pages247–248:
      Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was withIulius Cæſar, andSeptimius Seuerus.[] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all theLiſt.
    • 1843 December 19,Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, inA Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London:Chapman & Hall, [],→OCLC,pages11–12:
      "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to hislist. "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?"
    • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut: How microbes promote liver cancer in the overweight”, inThe Economist[2], volume407, number8842, pages72–73:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial.[] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to thatlist.
  4. (in theplural, historical) Thebarriers orpalisades used tofence off aspace forjousting ortiltingtournaments.
  5. (in theplural, military, historical) Thescene of amilitarycontest; theground orfield ofcombat; anenclosedspace that serves as abattlefield; thesite of apitched battle.
    • 1862, John Williamson Palmer,Stonewall Jackson's Way :
      The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in thelists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
  6. (computing, programming) Acodifiedrepresentation of alist used tostoredata or inprocessing; especially, in theLispprogramming language, adata structure consisting of asequence ofzero or more items.
    • 1985 March 10, Ed Acly, “A Tale of Three Languages: C, Ada & Lisp”, inComputerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XIX, number12, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications,→ISSN,→OCLC,pageID/10, columns1–2:
      Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linkedlist of arguments that accompany those functions.[] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of alist, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, thelist is the only data structure for a Lisp program.
  7. (architecture) A littlesquaremoulding; afillet orlistel.
    • 1788,[John Carter], “STRIÆ”, inThe Builder’s Magazine: Or, A Universal Dictionary for Architects, Carpenters, Masons, Bricklayers, &c. [], new edition, London: Printed for E. Newbery, [],→OCLC,page284:
      STRIÆ, in ancient architecture, theliſts, fillets or rays which ſeparate the ſtriges or flutings of columns.
    • 1876, Edward Shaw,Thomas W[illiam] Silloway,George M[ilford] Harding, “Introduction”, inCivil Architecture; being a Complete Theoretical and Practical System of Building, Containing the Fundamental Principles of the Art. [], 11th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird & Co., [],→OCLC,page22, column 2:
      Avolute is a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it makes the principal characteristic and ornament.[] There are several diversities practised in the volute. In some, thelist or edge, throughout all the circumvolutions, is in the same line or plane.[] [I]n others, the canal or one circumvolution is detached from thelist of another by a vacuity or aperture.
  8. (carpentry) Anarrow strip ofwood, especiallysapwood, cut from the edge of aboard orplank.
  9. (ropemaking) A piece ofwoollen cloth with which theyarns aregrasped by aworker.
  10. (tin-plate manufacture) Thefirst thincoating oftin; awire-likerim of tin left on an edge of theplate after it iscoated.
  11. (obsolete) Astripe.
    • 1650,Thomas Browne, “Of the Same[i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, inPseudodoxia Epidemica: [], 2nd edition, London: [] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, [],→OCLC, 6th book,page282:
      Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a blackliſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.
  12. (obsolete) Aboundary orlimit; aborder.
    • c.1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare],The History of Henrie the Fourth; [], quarto edition, London: [] P[eter] S[hort] forAndrew Wise, [], published1598,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene i]:
      [W]ere it good /[] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The veryliſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.
      Is it good / [] to place so high a stake / On the risky hazard of one doubtful hour? / No, it would be no good for we would read into it that we had reached / The end of our hope, / The verylimit, the very utmost boundary / Of all our luck.
Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Collocations
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Collocations
  • long list
  • short list
  • whole list
  • full list
  • complete list
  • partial list
  • exhaustive list
  • comprehensive list
  • extensive list
  • detailed list
  • electoral list
  • mental list
  • suspect list
  • impressive list
  • alphabetical list
  • active list
  • official list
  • eligible list
Translations
[edit]
strip of fabric
material used for cloth selvage
enumeration or compilation of items
barriers for tournaments
computing: codified representation of a list
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

  1. (transitive) Tocreate orrecite alist.
  2. (transitive) Toplace inlistings.
    • 1993, Ooi Jin Bee, “The Tropical Rain Forest: Patterns of Exploitation and Trade”, inTropical Deforestation: The Tyranny of Time, Singapore:Singapore University Press,→ISBN,page62:
      As the export market for tropical hardwoods expanded, timber from tropical rain forests very rapidly became the dominant or major forest product, dominant to such an extent that trade figures often do not evenlist the minor forest products exported, or their value.
  3. (transitive) Tosew together, asstrips ofcloth, so as to make ashow ofcolours, or toform aborder.
  4. (transitive) Tocover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; tostripe as if with list.
    tolist a door
  5. (transitive, agriculture) Toplough andplant with alister.
  6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) Toprepare (land) for acottoncrop by makingalternatingbeds andalleys with ahoe.
  7. (transitive, carpentry) Tocut away anarrow strip, as ofsapwood, from theedge of.
    tolist a board
  8. (transitive, military) Toenclose (afield, etc.) forcombat.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) Toengage asoldier, etc.; toenlist.
    • 1642 October 28,[Philip Morant],History and Antiquities of the Borough of Colchester, in the County of Essex. [], Colchester, Essex: Printed and sold by I. Marsden,[...], published1810,→OCLC,pages48–49:
      [] It is therefore ordered that the Maior and Aldermen of Colchester [et al.], shall forthwith procure and raise in the said severall townes, and other pleces adjacent, two thousand horses for dragooners, or as manie as possible they may, for the service as aforesaid, and with all possible speed to send them up to London unto Thomas Browne Grocer, and Maximilian Beard Girdler, by us appointed tolist horses for the service aforesaid;[]
    • 1822, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, inPeveril of the Peak. [], volume I, Edinburgh: [] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co.,→OCLC,page107:
      "I have a gun, madam," said little Julian, "and the park-keeper is to teach me how to fire it next year." / "I willlist you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.
  10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage inpublic service byenrolling one'sname; to enlist.
  11. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjectivelisted.
    • 2021 February 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The London Underground Operational Enhancement Award: Hanwell”, inRAIL, number946, page55:
      A century later, BR demolished the downside main buildings, so the eastbound and central platforms were promptlylisted - which has ensured their survival, albeit increasingly neglected in recent years. This has now been rectified, [...].
  12. (intransitive, of a business) Totrade on a particularstock exchange.
    • 2024 July 13, Laura Onita, Eleanor Olcott, “Shein's master of reinvention treads tricky path to IPO”, inFT Weekend, page11:
      Responsible for public affairs, business strategy, corporate development and finance, he [Donald Tang] now faces the task of getting an initial public offering over the line in London after ditching earlier plans tolist in New York in the face of US political opposition.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Terms derived fromlist (verb)
Translations
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to create or recite a list

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishlist,liste(ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token), fromOld Englishlist(art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill),[2] fromProto-West Germanic*listi, fromProto-Germanic*listiz(art, craft), fromProto-Indo-European*leys-,*leyǝs-(furrow, trace, track, trail).

The word is cognate withDutchlist(artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem),GermanList(cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick),Low Germanlist(artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom),Icelandiclist(art),Saterland Frisianlist(cunning, knowledge),Scotslist(art, craft, skill; cunning),Swedishlist(art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth), and possiblySpanishlisto(clever). It is also related tolearn,lore.

Noun

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list (uncountable)

  1. (archaic)Art;craft;cunning;skill.
    • 1877 November 16, “Vaticanism”, inThe Literary World. Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, volume XVI, number 420 (New Series), London:James Clarke & Co., [],→OCLC,page313, column 3:
      In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italianlist and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.
    • 1893,S[olomon] C[aesar] Malan, chapter XXVI, inOriginal Notes on the Book of Proverbs. Mostly from Eastern Writings, volumes III (Ch. xxi.–xxxi.), London:Williams and Norgate, [],→OCLC,page349:
      Sophos, fab[le] 40. "The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only withlist or cunning within."
    • 1897, Lilian Winser, “Lossenbury Woods”, inLays and Legends of the Weald of Kent, London:Elkin Mathews, [],→OCLC,page44:
      For when the guileful monster smiled / Snakes left their holes and hissed,— / And stroking soft his silken beard / Raised creatures full oflist.
    • 1990, Alexander L. Ringer, “The Rise of Urban Musical Life between the Revolutions, 1789–1848”, in Alexander[L.] Ringer, editor,The Early Romantic Era: Between Revolutions: 1789 and 1848 (Man and Music; 6), Basingstoke, Hampshire, London:The Macmillan Press,→DOI,→ISBN, figure 13, caption,page22:
      'The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed byList [[Franz] Liszt]' (List = cunning); anonymous lithograph (c 1842).
    • 1992,Reading Medieval Studies: Annual Proceedings of the Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies in the University of Reading,[Reading, Berkshire]: Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies,University of Reading,→ISSN,→OCLC, page92:
      [Der] Pleier[] provides a 'courtly corrective' to Daniel in the shape of his hero,Garel. The latter wins his fight not bylist but through straightforward knightly prowess,[]
    • 2000, Jakov Ljubarskij, “John Kinnamos as a Writer”, in Cordula Scholz, Georgios Makris, editors,ΠΟΛΥΠΛΕΥΡΟΣ ΝΟΥΣ[POLYPLEUROS NOUS]: Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag [VERSATILE MIND: Miscellanea for Peter Schreiner for His 60th Birthday] (Byzantinisches Archiv[Byzantine Archive];19), Munich, Leipzig:K[laus] G[erhard] Saur,→ISBN, footnote 11,page166:
      It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal,Manuel [I Komnenos], as depicted by[John] Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than bylist" [].
    • 2008, Jon B. Sherman,The Magician in Medieval German Literature (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Urbana, Champaign, Ill.:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign,→OCLC:
      One man can accomplish withlist (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishlisten, fromOld Englishhlystan(to listen), fromhlyst(hearing), fromProto-West Germanic*hlusti, fromProto-Germanic*hlustiz(hearing).

Verb

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list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelist)

  1. (intransitive, poetic) Tolisten.
  2. (transitive, poetic) Tolisten to.
Translations
[edit]
to listen

Etymology 4

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishlisten,list,liste,leste,lesten(to choose, desire, wish (to do something)), fromOld Englishlystan,[3] fromProto-West Germanic*lustijan, fromProto-Germanic*lustijaną, fromProto-Germanic*lustuz(pleasure).

The word is cognate withSaterland Frisianläste(to wish for, desire, crave),West Frisianlêste(to like, desire),Dutchlusten(to appreciate, like; to lust),Germanlüsten,gelüsten(to desire, want, crave),Danishlyste(to desire, feel like, want),Faroeselysta(to desire).

The noun sense is from the verb, or fromMiddle Englishlist,liste,lest,leste(desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure), which is derived fromMiddle Englishlisten,list(verb).[4]

Verb

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list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

  1. (transitive, archaic) Todesire,like, orwish (to do something).
  2. (transitive, archaic) To bepleasing to.
    • 2016, Graydon Saunders, chapter 13, inSafely You Deliver:
      Might then I depart, and dwell aslisteth me, out of all the world?
Translations
[edit]
to be pleasing to
to desire, like, wish

Noun

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list

  1. (obsolete)Desire,inclination.
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

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Uncertain;[5] possibly fromtilting on lists injousts,[6] or fromEtymology 4 in the sense ofinclining towards what onedesires.[7]

Noun

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list (plurallists)

  1. (architecture) Atilt to abuilding.
  2. (nautical) Acareening ortilting to oneside, usually notintentionally or under avessel's ownpower.[from early 17th c.]
Translations
[edit]
nautical: tilting or careening to one side

Verb

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list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

  1. (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) totilt to oneside.[from early 17th c.]
    the steady windlisted the ship
  2. (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side.[from early 17th c.]
    the shiplisted to port
    • 2000, Bob Foster,Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page173:
      Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit tolist alarmingly.
Translations
[edit]
to tilt to one side
to cause (something) to tilt to one side

References

[edit]
  1. ^lī̆st(e,n.(2).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved16 June 2018.
  2. ^list(e,n.(1).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved24 June 2018.
  3. ^listen,v.(1).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved17 June 2018.
  4. ^list,n.(2).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved17 June 2018.
  5. ^list”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  6. ^William Long (2005 November 6) “List..the Word II”, inDrbilllong.com[1], archived fromthe original on20 April 2012.
  7. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “list, n. 3”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary, retrieved24 June 2018.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishlist.

Pronunciation

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  • Also pronounced asIPA(key): /lɪs⁵⁵/

Noun

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list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)list;enumeration orcompilation ofitems; thepaper ordocument of which the list iswritten orprinted on(Classifier:c; c; c)

Verb

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list

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) tolist; tocreate alist of items

Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechlist, fromProto-Slavic*listъ(leaf).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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list inan (diminutivelístek)

  1. leaf(green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
  2. (archaic)letter(written message)
    Synonyms:dopis,psaní
  3. sheet(sheet of paper)
  4. newspaper
    Polskýlist Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)
  5. certificate(document containing a certified statement)
    rodnýlistbirthcertificate
    úmrtnílistdeathcertificate

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistulistů
dativelistulistům
accusativelistlisty
vocativelistelisty
locativelistu,listělistech
instrumentallistemlisty

Derived terms

[edit]
adjectives
nouns
verbs

See also

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Further reading

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  • list”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • list”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
  • list”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

Danish

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Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz(craft, art, guide).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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list c (singular definitelisten,not used in plural form)

  1. cunning,trick

Verb

[edit]

list

  1. imperative ofliste

References

[edit]

Dutch

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Dutchlist, fromOld Dutchlist, fromProto-West Germanic*listi, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list f (plurallisten,diminutivelistje n)

  1. acunning plan, aruse, atrick

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Anagrams

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Faroese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list f (genitive singularlistar, plurallistir)

  1. art

Declension

[edit]
f2singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlistirlistirnar
accusativelistlistinalistirlistirnar
dativelistlistinilistumlistunum
genitivelistarlistarinnarlistalistanna

Icelandic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list f (genitive singularlistar,nominative plurallistir)

  1. art
  2. skill
    Hann bjó til brúðkaupstertu af mikillilist
    he made a wedding tart with greatskill

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist (feminine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlistirlistirnar
accusativelistlistinalistirlistirnar
dativelistlistinnilistumlistunum
genitivelistarlistarinnarlistalistanna

Derived terms

[edit]

Anagrams

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Lower Sorbian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*listъ(leaf).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list inan (diminutivelistk)

  1. leaf,foliage
  2. letter(a written message)

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist
SingularDualPlural
Nominativelistlistalisty
Genitivelistalistowulistow
Dativelistojulistomalistam
Accusativelistlistalisty
Instrumentallistomlistomalistami
Locativelisćelistomalistach

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norselist.

Noun

[edit]

list m orf (definite singularlistaorlisten)

  1. cunning,craftiness,slyness
  2. skirting board

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

list

  1. imperative ofliste

References

[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norselist.

Noun

[edit]

list f (definite singularlista)

  1. cunning,craftiness,slyness

References

[edit]

Old Czech

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list inan

  1. leaf(part of a plant)
  2. sheet;page(flat, thin piece of parchment n. other material intended for writing)
  3. (biblical)phylactery(box with scrolls of Old Testament quotations, attached by Jews to the forehead n. to the forearm during prayer)
  4. letter(written or printed communication)
  5. (administration)letter;deed(administrative document authorizing something n. testifying to something)
  6. (anatomy)uvula
  7. letter(character of writing)
  8. sheet,place;slice(long piece of i.e. metal)
  9. (singular only)plates(protective clothing of the upper part of the torso)

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist (hard o-stem)
singulardualplural
nominativelistlistylisti,listové
genitivelista,listulistúlistóv
dativelistulistomalistóm
accusativelistlistylisty
vocativelistelistylisti,listové
locativelistě,listulistúlistiech
instrumentallistemlistomalisty
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See alsoAppendix:Old Czech nouns andAppendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*listi. Cognate withOld Saxonlist,Dutchlist,Old High Germanlist (GermanList),Old Norselist (Swedishlist).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list m orf

  1. art;cunning,guile,craft

Declension

[edit]

Strongi-stem:

singularplural
nominativelistlistas
accusativelistlistas
genitivelisteslista
dativelistelistum

Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativelistlista,liste
accusativelistelista,liste
genitivelistelista
dativelistelistum

Descendants

[edit]

Old Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/lʲist/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE)/lʲist/

Noun

[edit]

list inan (related adjectivelistowy)

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland)leaf(part of a plant)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[4],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages1, 4:
      A bødze (sc. mąż) iaco drzewo, iesz szczepono iest podlug czekøcych wod..., alist iego ne spadne (folium eius non defluet)
      [A będzie (sc. mąż) jako drzewo, jeż szczepiono jest podług ciekących wod..., alist jego nie spadnie (folium eius non defluet)]
    • 1930 [c.1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[5],8, 11:
      Genze (sc. gołąbek) *szo zaszø wroczyl s olywowim zzelonimlistem w swich vszczyech (portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo)
      [Jenże (sc. gołąbek) się zasię wrocił s oliwowym z zielonymlistem w swych uściech (portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo)]
    • 1930 [c.1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[6],23, 40:
      Weszmyecze sobye...lyst palmovi (spatulas palmarum) a rosgy z drzewa gøstich latorosly
      [Weźmiecie sobie...list palmowy (spatulas palmarum), a rozgi z drzewa gęstych latorośli]
    • 1878-1889 [1487],Archiwum Komisji Historycznej[7], volume III,Greater Poland, page350:
      Te... stirpi Godzambą... aggregamus... In cuius signum... tibi... largimur tres pinus... in scuto seu campo flaueo, galea vero in inferiori partelisti supertecta
      [Te... stirpi Godzięba... aggregamus... In cuius signum... tibi... largimur tres pinus... in scuto seu campo flaueo, galea vero in inferiori partelisty supertecta]
  2. (attested in Lesser Poland, Silesia)letter(written correspondance)
  3. (law, attested in Greater Poland)legaldocument(something that establishes or confirms something)
    • 1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors,Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number79,Poznań:
      [J]akom przi tem bil, isz Micolay slubil milist [wro]czicz, isz gim sze zaluge
      [[J]akom przy tem był, iż Mikołaj ślubił milist [wro]cić, iż jim sie żałuje]
    • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page136r:
      Tenor [obmya] obmavyanye Inde dicimus: Tenore presencium obmavyanym nynyeschychlystow vel podlvg vylozenya nynyeyschychlystow
    • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page65r:
      Inclusiue computando a data presencium lato pyrzve y poslednye lyczacz od vydanya thego tholysthą
  4. sheet(piece of paper)
    • 1930 [c.1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[10],7, 16:
      Wszøw (sc. Raguel)lyst, podle tego tedi prawa vcziny zapys malzenski (accepta charta fecerunt conscriptionem coniugii)
      [Wziąw (sc. Raguel)list, podle tego tedy prawa uczyni zapis małżeński (accepta charta fecerunt conscriptionem coniugii)]

Derived terms

[edit]
adjectives
nouns

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “list”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
  • Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “list”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
  • Mańczak, Witold (2017) “list”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
  • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “list”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “list”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
  • Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “list”, inRozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków:Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Slovak

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ. First attested in 1407.

Noun

[edit]

list inan

  1. leaf(part of a plant)
  2. scale;petal
  3. sheet(rectangular piece of paper intended for writing)
  4. letter(written message addressed to a person, office, institution)
  5. (administration, law)officialdocument
  6. sheet(material on which things are fixed)
  7. thinplate orsheet(piece of i.e. metal)

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “list”, inHistorický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA,→OCLC

Old Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list f

  1. skill,proficiency
  2. art,craft
  3. cunning,slyness
  4. resort

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist (i-stem)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativelistlistinlisti(r),-e(r)listina(r),listena(r)
accusativelistlistina,-enalisti(r),-e(r)listina(r),listena(r)
dativelistlistinni,-innelistum,-omlistumin,-omen
genitivelista(r)listinna(r)listalistanna

Descendants

[edit]

Polish

[edit]
PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Pronunciation

[edit]
 

Etymology 1

[edit]

Inherited fromOld Polishlist.Sense 3 wasdisplaced byliść.

Noun

[edit]

list inan (diminutiveliścik,related adjectivelistowy)

  1. letter(written or printed communication)
  2. letter(paper on which such a communication is written)
  3. (obsolete)leaf(part of a plant)
  4. (obsolete)petal;slice;plaque;layer(long, flat piece of something)
    1. (Middle Polish)sheet(long, flat piece of paper)
  5. (obsolete, in theplural)leaves(pages of a book)
  6. (obsolete)papertrackingfinancialinterest
Declension
[edit]
Declension oflist
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistulistów
dativelistowilistom
accusativelistlisty
instrumentallistemlistami
locativeliścielistach
vocativeliścielisty
Derived terms
[edit]
nouns

Trivia

[edit]

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),list is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 10 times in scientific texts, 18 times in news, 18 times in essays, 31 times in fiction, and 32 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 109 times, making it the 567th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

Etymology 2

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

[edit]

list f

  1. genitiveplural oflista

References

[edit]
  1. ^Ida Kurcz (1990) “list”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page220

Further reading

[edit]
  • list inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • list in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “list”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • LIST”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],20.02.2014
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “list”, inSłownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “list”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “list”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page749

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromOld Church Slavonicлистъ(listŭ).

Noun

[edit]

list n (plurallisturi)

  1. (obsolete)leaf,page

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativelistlistullisturilisturile
genitive-dativelistlistuluilisturilisturilor
vocativelistulelisturilor

References

[edit]
  • list in Academia Română,Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010.→ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]
Serbo-CroatianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediash

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*listъ(leaf).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

lȋst m (Cyrillic spellingли̑ст,diminutivelìstić)

  1. leaf
    Synonym:lȉska
  2. (computing) leaf
  3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
  4. a special purposecertificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.)
  5. newsletter,newspaper
  6. (obsolete)letter(written message)
  7. calf(leg part)
  8. sole,flatfish(fish species)
  9. (card games)leaves

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist
singularplural
nominativelȋstlȉstovi
genitivelistalȉstōvā
dativelistulistovima
accusativelistlistove
vocativelistulistovi
locativelistulistovima
instrumentallistomlistovima

Related terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]
German suits in Serbo-Croatian ·njemačkeboje,nemačkeboje,mađarskeboje(layout ·text)
crvena,srcebundeva,tikvazelena,zelje,listžir

Further reading

[edit]
  • list”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025
  • list”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Silesian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOld Polishlist.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list inan (diminutivelistek)

  1. letter(written or printed communication)
    Synonyms:brif,pismo
  2. document
    Synonyms:akt,dokumynt,papiōr,świadectwo,zaświadczynie

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistulistōw
dativelistowilistōm
accusativelistlisty
instrumentallistymlistami/listōma
locativeliścielistach
vocativeliścielisty

Derived terms

[edit]
nouns

Further reading

[edit]

Slovak

[edit]
SlovakWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediask

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOld Slovaklist, fromProto-Slavic*listъ(leaf).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

list inan (diminutivelístok)

  1. letter; a written message
  2. leaf; a part of a tree
  3. sheet; a piece of paper

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist
singularplural
nominativelistlisty
genitivelistu,listalistov
dativelistulistom
accusativelistlisty
locativelistelistoch
instrumentallistomlistami

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • list”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

Slovene

[edit]
SloveneWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasl

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*listъ(leaf).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

lȋst inan

  1. piece ofpaper
  2. leaf
  3. sole
  4. (anatomy)calf(leg part)

Inflection

[edit]
Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.líst
gen. sing.lísta
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)
lístlístalísti
genitive
(rodȋlnik)
lístalístovlístov
dative
(dajȃlnik)
lístulístomalístom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)
lístlístalíste
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)
lístulístihlístih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)
lístomlístomalísti

Related terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • list”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • list”, inTermania, Amebis
  • See also thegeneral references

Swedish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Swedishlist, fromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz, fromProto-Indo-European*leys-,*leyǝs-. Cognate withIcelandiclist.

Noun

[edit]

list c

  1. smartness,trick,cunning
Declension
[edit]
Declension oflist
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitelistlists
definitelistenlistens
pluralindefinitelisterlisters
definitelisternalisternas
Related terms
[edit]

See also

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromOld Swedishlista, probably fromMiddle Low Germanlîste, fromOld Saxon*līsta, fromProto-West Germanic*līstā, fromProto-Germanic*līstǭ. Cognate withDanishliste,Icelandiclista.

Noun

[edit]

list c

  1. a long, thinstrip (of wood (or metal or the like), to conceal a joint (or for isolation or decoration), like for example a thin and longboard), aborder, abeading,edging
  2. (graphical user interface) abar
Declension
[edit]
Declension oflist
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitelistlists
definitelistenlistens
pluralindefinitelisterlisters
definitelisternalisternas
Derived terms
[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Upper Sorbian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈlist/
  • Rhymes:-ist
  • Hyphenation:lis
  • Syllabification:list

Noun

[edit]

list inan

  1. letter(writing that addresses someone)
  2. certificate,ticket,bill,note

Declension

[edit]
Declension oflist (masculine hard stem)
singulardualplural
nominativelistlistajlisty
genitivelistalistowlistow
dativelistejlistomajlistam
accusativelistlistajlisty
instrumentallistomlistomajlistami
locativelisćelistomajlistach
vocativelisto,lisćelistajlisty

References

[edit]
  • list” in Soblex
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