Sense 1 (“especially of the will: free, independent”) is borrowed fromFrenchlibre(“at liberty, free; clear, free, vacant; free, without obligation”), fromLatinlīber(“free, unrestricted”),[1] ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁lewdʰ-(“people”).
Senses 2 (“(software) with very few limitations on distribution or improvement”) and 3 ("not enslaved") are either borrowed from the French word or theSpanishlibre(“free: not enslaved or imprisoned; without obligation; unconstrained by distrust or timidity; not containing, without”), from the same Latinetymon as above.
One more point leads toward Free Software in education: when students get jobs, they prefer to use tools they learned at school in order to minimize extra learning efforts. This fact should lead colleges to teach only those tools not owned by anyone—those that arelibre.
The great potential oflibre software for development and social inclusion has long been emphasized. The cost aspect of it, though it might act as a driver, is only one limited aspect of the benefits oflibre software in developing countries, deprived regions, or urban areas. The empowerment of persons and groups to not only use technology, but understand it, at the level and rhythm that fits them, with the resulting ability to become active contributors and to innovate are the essence oflibre software.
The formal definition of Open Access, however, does require re-use rights to enable the article to be re-used in various ways (text-mined, translated into other languages, used in part in other products, etc.), [...]. This is what is known as ‘libre’ Open Access. ‘Libre’ Open Access does not yet constitute the bulk of Open Access literature. In institutional repositories the majority of articles are of the ‘gratis’ type, though a small proportion carry an appropriate (usually Creative Commons) licence and are ‘libre’.
2014,Joshua M. Pearce, “Introduction to Open-source Hardware for Science”, inOpen-source Lab: How to Build Your Own Hardware and Reduce Research Costs, Waltham, Mass.; Kidlington, Oxfordshire:Elsevier,→ISBN, section 1.2 (What is Open Source?),pages1–2:
Free and open-source software (F/OSS, FOSS) or free/libre/open-source software (FLOSS) is a software that is both a free software and an open source.FOSS is a computer software that is available in source code (open source) form and that can be used, studied, copied, modified, and redistributed without restriction, or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients have the same rights under which it was obtained (free orlibre).Free software,softwarelibre, orlibre software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction or with restrictions that only ensure that further recipients have the same rights under which it was obtained and that manufacturers of consumer products incorporating free software provide that software as source code.
Sense 2 (“(software) with very few limitations on distribution or improvement”) is chiefly used to distinguish such software (also calledfree software) fromfreeware, which is distributed free of charge orgratis (the two are not mutually exclusive).
Un hommelibre ―afree man. 1688, Guy Miège,The Great French Dictionary. "Il n'est point d'homme, qui soit tout à fait libre, there is no man altogether free."
[…] l'homme est condamné à êtrelibre. Condamné, parce qu'il ne s'est pas créé lui-même, et par ailleurs cependantlibre, parce qu'une fois jeté dans le monde, il est responsable de tout ce qu'il fait.
[…] man is condemned to befree. Condemned, because he did not create himself, yet is neverthelessat liberty, and from the moment that he is thrown into this world he is responsible for everything he does.
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “liure”, inCorpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
1915, Julio Vicuña Cifuentes,Mitos y Supersticiones Recogidos de la Tradición Oral Chilena, page294:
Si el que tiene verrugas quiere transmitirlas a otra persona, para verselibre de ellas, bastará con que, al darle la mano o de otra manera, le manche la piel con la sangre proveniente de una o más de esas verrugas.
, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1902.
free software on Wikipedia.Wikipedia