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lek

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Lek,lék,lęk,łęk,-lek,-lék,andlək

Translingual

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Symbol

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lek

(international standards)ISO 639-3 language code forLeipon.

English

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WOTD – 6 April 2012

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Lek (biology)

Wikipedia

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Albanian lek

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lɛk/
Audio(US): (file)
Rhymes:-ɛk

Alternative forms

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laike(Yorkshire)

Etymology 1

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From Germanic roots meaning "play". In the biology sense, it comes specifically fromSwedishlek(“child's play”), by means ofSwedishleka(“to play”). The verb is first attested in English in 1871 and the noun at least as early as 1867.

Noun

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lek (pluralleks)

(biology) Anaggregation ofmaleanimals for the purposes ofcourtship anddisplay.
- 1975,Edward O. Wilson,Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, figure caption, 2000,page 333,
  Each of the three displaying cocks occupies a small territory at the mating center of thelek.
- 1997, John Kricher,A Neotropical Companion,→ISBN,page278:
  Given that a combination of factors have "released" males from attending nests, why have some species organized their courtship bouts inleks, especially the tightly clumpedleks that are typical of manakins and cocks-of-the-rock?
- 2007, Kentwood D. Wells,The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians,page352:
  Nevertheless, it does appear that many of the processes of mate choice and sexual selection described for bird and mammalleks also apply to anuran choruses.

Derived terms

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lek paradox

Translations

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an aggregation of male animals for the purposes of courtship and display

Finnish:soidin (fi)
German:Lek (de) m,Balzarena f
Norwegian:spill (no) n(capercaillie, woodcock)
Bokmål:lek (no) m(capercaillie, woodcock)
Russian:ток (ru) m(tok)
Swedish:lek (sv) c

Verb

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lek (third-person singular simple presentleks,present participlelekking,simple past and past participlelekked)

(biology, intransitive) To take part in the courtship and display behaviour of alek.
- 1994, M. B. Andersson,Sexual Selection,page164:
  Males in manylekking species have conspicuous morphological ornaments that may be targets of female choice, but male contest competition may also be involved.
- 2000, George Barlow,The Cichlid Fishes: Nature's Grand Experiment In Evolution,page79:
  The second reasonlekking is so fascinating is because the males aggregate.
- 2010, Boaz Yuval, Jorge Hendrichs17: Behavior of Fruit Fly in the Genus Ceratitis (Dacinae: Ceratitidini), Martin Aluja, Allen Norrbom (editors),Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior,page 437,
  In a recent study (Yuval et al. 1998), the size and weight of males captured eitherlekking or resting at the same time in the vicinity of leks were measured.
- 2010, Robert Michael Pyle,Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year,unnumbered page:
  Half a dozen of the thumbnail-size maleslekked in a sunny glade.
(UK, dialect, Yorkshire, colloquial) Toplay.
T’lads islekkin i t’park.

Translations

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to take part in the courtship and display behaviour of a lek

Finnish:soidintaa,olla soitimella
Polish:tokować (pl)
Russian:токова́ть (ru)(tokovátʹ)
Swedish:leka (sv),spela (sv)(birds only)

Usage notes

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	A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up, giving the reason:“clarify ‘lek’ vs ‘laik’ areas”.
	Please see the discussion onRequests for cleanup⁽⁺⁾ or thetalk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

The Yorkshire dialect word is rarely written and is pronounced differently in the different Ridings of Yorkshire. Comparelaik,layk.

Etymology 2

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FromAlbanianlek, named after Alexander the Great, whose name is often shortened to Leka in Albanian.

Noun

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lek (pluralleksorlekorlekuorlekë)

Thecurrencyunit ofAlbania, divided into 100qindarka.
- 1992, Mario I. Bléjer,Albania: From Isolation Toward Reform,page56:
  With the loss of control by the Government over foreign exchange surrender requirements and the almost complete depletion of foreign exchange reserves, in early 1992 the official rate was further devalued toleks 50 = $1.
- 1997, Igor Artimiev, Gary J. Fine,Country Studies: Albania, Ira W. Lieberman, Stilpon S. Nestor, Raj M. Desai,Between State and Market: Mass Privatization in Transition Economies,page 178,
  Enterprise shares are sold at voucher auctions in exchange for either immaterial privatizationleks (through a bank transfer from the bidder's privatizationlek account) or through privatization vouchers, which are submitted at the time of bidding.
- 2003, Iraj Hoshi, Ewa Balcerowicz, Leszek Balcerowicz,Barriers to Entry and Growth of New Firms in Early Transition,page253:
  Value Added Tax is another tax imposed on all enterprises with a yearly turnover of more than 2 millionLeks. VAT was introduced in the Albanian tax system in 1995 replacing the old turnover tax.

Translations

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currency of Albania

Albanian:leku,lek (sq)
Armenian:լեկ (hy)(lek)
Chinese:
Cantonese:列克(lit⁶ hak¹)
Mandarin:列克 (zh)(lièkè)
Finnish:lek (fi)
German:Lek (de) m
Greek:λεκ (el) n(lek)
Hungarian:lek (hu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål:lek (no) m
Polish:lek (pl) m
Russian:лек (ru) m(lek)
Serbo-Croatian:lek (sh) m
Swedish:lek (sv) c

Anagrams

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elk,Elk,ELK,Kel

Albanian

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Etymology

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FromLekë,^[1] afterLeka i Madh(“Alexander the Great”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlek/
Rhymes:-ek

Noun

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lek m (plurallekë)

lek(the currency unit of Albania)
money,cash
Synonyms:para,të holla

Declension

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Declension oflek
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	lek	leku	lekë	lekët
accusative	lek	lekun	lekë	lekët
dative	leku	lekut	lekëve	lekëve
ablative	leku	lekut	lekësh	lekëve

Descendants

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→ English:lek

References

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^Newmark,L., Hubbard,P., Prifti,P. (1982)Standard Albanian: a reference grammar for students, Stanford University Press,→ISBN,§ 3.2.1 A, page127

Czech

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Etymology

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Deverbal fromlekat.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈlɛk]

Noun

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lek m inan

Synonym ofleknutí

Declension

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Declension oflek (velar masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	lek	leky
genitive	leku	leků
dative	leku	lekům
accusative	lek	leky
vocative	leku	leky
locative	leku	lecích
instrumental	lekem	leky

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɛk

Declension oflek
uninflected	lek
inflected	lekke
comparative	lekker
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		lek	lekker	hetlekst hetlekste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	lekke	lekkere	lekste
	n. sing.	lek	lekker	lekste
	plural	lekke	lekkere	lekste
definite		lekke	lekkere	lekste
partitive		leks	lekkers	—

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Dutchlek, either a substantivization of the adjective at Etymology 1 above, or a deverbal fromlecken,lēken.

Noun

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lek n (plurallekken,diminutivelekje n)

leak

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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lek

inflection oflekken:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. (in case ofinversion)second-person singular present indicative
3. imperative

Anagrams

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French

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Noun

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lek m (pluralleks)

lek(currency)

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈlɛk]
Hyphenation:lek
Rhymes:-ɛk

Noun

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lek (plurallekek)

lek(the currency unit of Albania)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-e-, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	lek	lekek
accusative	leket	lekeket
dative	leknek	lekeknek
instrumental	lekkel	lekekkel
causal-final	lekért	lekekért
translative	lekké	lekekké
terminative	lekig	lekekig
essive-formal	lekként	lekekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	lekben	lekekben
superessive	leken	lekeken
adessive	leknél	lekeknél
illative	lekbe	lekekbe
sublative	lekre	lekekre
allative	lekhez	lekekhez
elative	lekből	lekekből
delative	lekről	lekekről
ablative	lektől	lekektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	leké	lekeké
non-attributive possessive – plural	lekéi	lekekéi

Possessive forms oflek
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	lekem	lekjeim
2nd person sing.	leked	lekjeid
3rd person sing.	lekje	lekjei
1st person plural	lekünk	lekjeink
2nd person plural	leketek	lekjeitek
3rd person plural	lekjük	lekjeik

Anagrams

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Isthmus Mixe

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Noun

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lek

toad

References

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Dieterman, Julia, McCarty, James Michael, Jr., Castañón López, Victoriano, Castañón Eugenio, María Dolores (2018)Breve diccionario del mixe del Istmo: Mogoñé Viejo, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;52)‎^[1] (in Spanish),Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page37

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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leek,leeke,leke,leyke

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Englishlēac,lēc, fromProto-West Germanic*lauk, fromProto-Germanic*laukaz.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /leːk/,/lɛːk/

Noun

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lek (plurallekes)

A plant in the genusAllium(often used as vegetables):
1. Garlic(Allium sativum)
2. Leek(Allium ampeloprasum)
(in expressions) Something of little value.

Related terms

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Descendants

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English:leek
- → Maori:riki
Scots:leke,leik

References

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“lẹ̄k,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved2018-07-26.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseleikr.

Alternative forms

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leik(Nynorsk also)

Noun

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lek m (definite singularleken,indefinite pluralleker,definite plurallekene)

play,playing
agame,contest
de olympiske leker ―theOlympic Games

Derived terms

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Related terms

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leke

Etymology 2

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NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:

albansk lek

Wikipedia^no

FromAlbanianlek.

Noun

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lek m (indeclinable)

the lek, currency of Albania.

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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lek

imperative ofleke

References

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“lek” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseleikr, throughMiddle Low German fromAncient Greekλαϊκός(laïkós,“popular”).

Adjective

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lek (neuterlekt,definite singular and pluralleke,comparativelekare,indefinite superlativelekast,definite superlativelekaste)

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norselekr.

Alternative forms

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lekk(adjective and noun)

Adjective

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lek (neuterlekt,definite singular and pluralleke,comparativelekare,indefinite superlativelekast,definite superlativelekaste)

leaky

Noun

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lek m (definite singularleken,indefinite plurallekar,definite plurallekane)

aleak

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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lek

inflection ofleka:
1. present
2. imperative

References

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“lek” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

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elk,kle

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Unknown, probably fromProto-Mon-Khmer*leh(“to go down, go out”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lɛk/

Noun

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lek

moon;month
Synonyms:candra,śaśi,soma,wulan,windu

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Javanese:ꦭꦺꦏ꧀(lék)
→ Balinese:ᬮᬾᬓ᭄(lék,“moon; month”)

Old Norse

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Adjective

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lek

inflection oflekr:
1. positive degree strong feminine nominative singular
2. positive degree strong neuternominative/accusativeplural

Verb

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lek

inflection ofleka:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. second-person singular imperative

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:

lek

Wikipedia^pl

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlɛk/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɛk
Syllabification:lek
Homophones:Lek,leg

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lěkъ.

Alternative forms

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lik(Kielce)

Noun

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lek m inan (related adjectivelekowy)

(medicine)medicine,drug(substance which promotes healing)
Synonyms:lekarstwo,medykament,specyfik

Declension

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Declension oflek

	singular	plural
nominative	lek	leki
genitive	leku	leków
dative	lekowi	lekom
accusative	lek	leki
instrumental	lekiem	lekami
locative	leku	lekach
vocative	leku	leki

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromAlbanianlek.

Noun

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lek m animal

lek(currency of Albania)

Declension

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Declension oflek

	singular	plural
nominative	lek	leki
genitive	leka	leków
dative	lekowi	lekom
accusative	leka	leki
instrumental	lekiem	lekami
locative	leku	lekach
vocative	leku	leki

Samoan Plantation Pidgin

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Etymology

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FromEnglishleg.

Noun

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lek

leg,foot(of a human)
limb(of an animal)

References

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Mosel, Ulrike (1980)Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (Pacific Linguistics; Series B, no. 73)‎^[2], Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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lijȇk(Ijekavian)

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lěkъ, borrowed fromGothic𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃(lēkeis,“physician”).^[1] CompareOld Norselæknir,Old High Germanlahhi,Danishlæge.

Noun

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lȇk m (Cyrillic spellingле̑к)

medicine

Declension

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Declension oflek
	singular	plural
nominative	lek	lekovi
genitive	leka	lekova
dative	leku	lekovima
accusative	lek	lekove
vocative	leče	lekovi
locative	leku	lekovima
instrumental	lekom	lekovima

Related terms

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References

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^Petar Skok, Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, Z., 1971, v. 2, p. 296:Obično se uzimlje da je praslavenska riječ posuđena iz gotske radne imenice lekeis

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lěkъ, fromProto-Indo-European*loykʷós.

Noun

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lȇk m (Cyrillic spellingле̑к)

little quantity
Nema mesta ni zalek(a). ―There is absolutely no place.

Declension

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Declension oflek
	singular	plural
nominative	lek	lekovi
genitive	leka	lekova
dative	leku	lekovima
accusative	lek	lekove
vocative	leče	lekovi
locative	leku	lekovima
instrumental	lekom	lekovima

Slovene

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /léːk/

Noun

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lẹ̑k m inan

medicine

Declension

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Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nominative	lék
genitive	léka
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lék
genitive (rodȋlnik)	léka
dative (dajȃlnik)	léku
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lék
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	léku
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lékom

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:

lek

Wikipedia^sv

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /leːk/
Audio(Gotland);“en lek”[ɛn̪ l̪eə̯cʰ]: (file)
Rhymes:-eːk

Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseleikr.

Noun

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lek c

(uncountable) (child's)play; typically denotes pleasurable and less rule-bound games and activities – "play" more in the sense of "engage in play" than "play a game"
De iakttog barnenslek
They watched the children'splay(ing)
(countable) a particular game or activity (associated with child's play)
Ska vi leka enlek? Vi kan låtsas vara björnar.
Want to play agame? (Or, "Want to engage in a type of play?") We can pretend to be bears.
agame,playing (more generally, sometimes with relaxed or nonchalant connotations)
enlek med döden
playing with death ("aplay(ing) with death")
vindenslek med löven
the wind playing with the leaves ("the wind'splay(ing) with the leaves")
adeck of cards
Synonym:kortlek
Hur många kort är det ileken?
How many cards are inthe deck?
(biology)lek

Usage notes

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Not restricted to children by definition, but has childish connotations. See alsoleka.

Declension

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Declension oflek
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	lek	leks
singular	definite	leken	lekens
plural	indefinite	lekar	lekars
plural	definite	lekarna	lekarnas

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Verb

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lek

imperative ofleka

References

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Tok Pisin

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Etymology

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FromEnglishleg.

Noun

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lek

leg,foot
- 1989,Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea,Jenesis 3:15:
  Na bai mi mekim yu i stap birua bilong meri, na meri i stap birua bilong yu. Na bai mi mekim ol lain bilong yu i birua long lain bilong meri. Bai ol i krungutim het bilong yu, na bai yu kaikaimlek bilong ol.”
  →New International Version translation
footprint
hindleg(of an animal)

References

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Mosel, Ulrike (1980)Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (Pacific Linguistics; Series B, no. 73)‎^[3], Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN