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lead

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Lead

English

[edit]
Chemical element
Pb
Previous:thallium (Tl)
Next:bismuth (Bi)

Etymology 1

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    FromMiddle Englishled,leed, fromOld Englishlēad(lead), fromProto-West Germanic*laud(lead), possibly borrowed fromProto-Celtic*ɸloudom, fromProto-Indo-European*plewd-(to flow).

    Cognate withScotsleid,lede(lead),North Frisianlud,luad(lead),West Frisianlead(lead),Dutchlood(lead),Low GermanLod(solder, plummet),GermanLot(solder, plummet, sounding line),Swedishlod(solder, plummet),Icelandiclóð(a plumb, weight),Irishluaidhe(lead)Latinplumbum(lead),Finnishluoti(bullet).Doublet ofloth. More atflow.

    • (graphite in a pencil): Graphite was once believed to be a form of lead; seeblack lead andplumbago.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    lead (countable anduncountable,pluralleads)

    Electrolytically refined pure lead
    1. (uncountable) A heavy,pliable,inelastic metalelement, having a bright, bluish color, but easilytarnished; bothmalleable andductile, though with littletenacity. It is easilyfusible, formsalloys with other metals, and is an ingredient ofsolder andtype metal.Atomic number 82, symbolPb (from Latinplumbum).
      Synonym:plumbum
    2. (countable, nautical) Aplummet or mass of lead attached to a line, used insoundingdepth at sea or(dated) to estimatevelocity inknots.
    3. A thinstrip oftype metal, used toseparate lines of type in printing.
    4. (uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known asleading.
      This copy has too muchlead; I prefer less space between the lines.
    5. Sheets orplates of leadused as acovering forroofs.
    6. (countable) Aroof covered with leadsheets orterneplates.
    7. (countable) A thincylinder ofgraphite used inpencils.
      Synonym:pencil lead
    8. (slang)Bullets;ammunition.
      Theypumped him full oflead.
    9. (medicine, in theplural)X-rayprotectiveclothing lined with lead.
      You must remember to wear yourleads.
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    terms derived from the noun "lead"


    Translations
    [edit]
    Seelead/translations § Etymology 1.

    Verb

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    lead (third-person singular simple presentleads,present participleleading,simple past and past participleleaded)

    1. (transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
      continuous firingleads the grooves of a rifle.
    2. (transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.
      tolead a page
      leaded matter
    Translations
    [edit]
    Seelead/translations § Etymology 1.

    See also

    [edit]
    terms related to the element lead

    Further reading

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    Etymology 2

    [edit]
      EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia

      FromMiddle Englishleden, fromOld Englishlǣdan(to lead), fromProto-West Germanic*laidijan, fromProto-Germanic*laidijaną(to cause one to go, lead), causative ofProto-Germanic*līþaną(to go), fromProto-Indo-European*leyt-(to leave, die).

      Cognate withWest Frisianliede(to lead),Dutchleiden(to lead),Germanleiten(to lead),Danish andNorwegian Bokmållede(to lead),Norwegian Nynorskleia(to lead),Swedishleda(to lead). Related toOld Englishlīþan(to go, travel).

      Alternative forms

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      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      lead (third-person singular simple presentleads,present participleleading,simple past and past participleled)

      1. (heading, transitive)Toguide orconduct.
        1. Toguide orconduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.
          a fatherleads a child
          a jockeyleads a horse with a halter
          a dogleads a blind man
        2. Toguide or conduct in a certaincourse, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of; toguide somebody somewhere or tobring somebody somewhere by means ofinstructions.
          The guide was able tolead the tourists through the jungle safely.
        3. (figuratively): Todirect; tocounsel; toinstruct.
          A good teacher shouldlead their students to the right answer.
        4. To conduct ordirect withauthority; to have direction or charge of; tocommand, especially amilitary orbusiness unit.
          tolead a political party
          tolead the search team
          • 1664,Robert South, “(please specify the sermon number)A Sermon Preached Before the University at Christ-Church, Oxon”, inSermons Preached upon Several Occasions. [], new edition, volume(please specify |volume=I to IV), London: [] Thomas Tegg, [], published1843,→OCLC:
            Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations,lead armies, or possess places.
            The spelling has been modernized.
        5. To draw or direct byinfluence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; toinduce; to entice; to allure.
          tolead someone to a righteous cause
        6. To influence towards a belief, a conclusion, etc.
          The evidenceleads me to believe he is guilty.
      2. (intransitive) To guide or conduct, as by accompanying, going before, showing, influencing,directing with authority, etc.; to haveprecedence or preeminence; to be first orchief; — used in most of the senses of the transitive verb.
      3. (heading)To begin, to be ahead.
        1. (transitive) To go or to bein advance of; toprecede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.
          the big sloopled the fleet of yachts;  the Guardsled the attack;  Demosthenesleads the orators of all ages
        2. (intransitive) Toproceedin front of others; to go first.
          The standard-bearersled and the rest of the marchers followed.
        3. (intransitive) To be more advanced intechnology orbusiness than others.
          Itleads in the information technology sector.
        4. (heading, sports)
          1. (transitive, card games, dominoes) Tobegin a game, round, or trick, with
            tolead trumps
            Heled the ace of spades.
          2. (intransitive) To beahead of others, e.g., in arace.
          3. (intransitive) To have the highest interimscore in agame.
          4. (baseball) To step offbase and move towards the next base.
            The batter alwaysleads off base.
          5. (shooting) To aim in front of a movingtarget, in order that theshot may hit the target as it passes.
          6. (transitive, climbing) Tolead climb.(clarification of this definition is needed("to lead climb" is intransitive(?)).)
      4. (intransitive) To tend or reach in a certain spatialdirection, or to a certain place.
        the pathleads to the mill
      5. (intransitive) To be a cause of. [withto]
        Synonym:lead to
        gamblingleads to other vices
        • 2013 June 28,Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number 3, page21:
          Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […].  Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. When a series of bank failures made this impossible, there was widespread anger,leading to the public humiliation of symbolic figures.
        • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8848:
          All this hasled to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism. That worries the government, which fears that environmental activism could become the foundation for more general political opposition. It is therefore dealing with pollution in two ways—suppression and mitigation.
      6. (transitive, usually with "life") To live or experience (a particular way of life).
      7. Used in phrasal verbs:lead off, lead on, lead out, lead to(be the cause of, bring about), lead up, lead up to.
      8. Misspelling ofled.
      Conjugation
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      Conjugation oflead
      infinitive(to)lead
      present tensepast tense
      1st-personsingularleadled
      2nd-personsingularlead,leadestled,ledst,ledest
      3rd-personsingularleads,leadethled
      plurallead
      subjunctiveleadled
      imperativelead
      participlesleadingled
      Derived terms
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      Related terms
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      Translations
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      Seelead/translations § Etymology 2.

      Noun

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      EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia

      lead (countable anduncountable,pluralleads)

      1. (countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction,course
        to take thelead
        to be under thelead of another
        • 1796,Edmund Burke,A Letter from the Right Honourable Edmund Burke to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks Made upon Him and His Pension, [], London: [] J. Owen, [], andF[rancis] and C[harles] Rivington, [],→OCLC:
          At the time I speak of, and having a momentarylead,[] I am sure I did my country important service.
      2. (countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.
        the white horse had thelead.
        to be in thelead
        She lost thelead.
        Smith managed to extend herlead over the second place to half a second.
        • 2010 December 28, Kevin Darlin, “West Brom 1 – 3Blackburn”, inBBC Sport[2]:
          Blackburn then regained thelead with a simplest of set-piece goals
      3. (UK, countable) An insulated metallic wire for electrical devices and equipment.
      4. (baseball) The situation where a runner steps away from a base while waiting for the pitch to be thrown.
        The runner took hislead from first.
      5. (uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
        your partner has thelead
      6. (acting, theater) The main role in a play or film; the lead role.
        • 1932,Delos W. Lovelace,King Kong, published1965, page43:
          "You make moving pictures. In jungles and places." "That's me. And I've picked you for thelead in my next picture."
      7. (acting) The actor who plays the main role; lead actor.
      8. (business) The person in charge of aproject or a work shift etc.
        John is the developmentlead on this software product.
      9. (countable) Achannel ofopenwater in anicefield.
      10. (countable, mining) Alode.
      11. (nautical) The course of a rope from end to end.
      12. A rope, leather strap, or similar device with which to lead an animal; aleash
      13. In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.
        • Usage note: When used alone it meansoutside lead, or lead for the admission of steam.Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust.
      14. (civil engineering) The distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment.
      15. (horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.
      16. Hypothesis that has not been pursued
        The investigation stalled when allleads turned out to be dead ends.
      17. Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.
        The police have a couple ofleads they will follow to solve the case.
      18. (marketing) Potential opportunity for a sale or transaction, a potential customer.
        Joe is a great addition to our sales team, he has numerousleads in the paper industry.
      19. Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.
      20. (curling) The player who throws the first two rocks for a team.
      21. (US, journalism) Theintroductoryparagraph or paragraphs of anewspaper, or a news or other type of article. (Sometimes spelled aslede for this usage to avoid ambiguity.)
        Synonym:lead paragraph
      22. An important news story that appears on the front page of a newspaper or at the beginning of a news broadcast
      23. (engineering) The axial distance a screw thread travels in one revolution. It is equal to thepitch times the number ofstarts.
      24. (music) In abarbershop quartet, the person who sings themelody, usually the secondtenor.
      25. (music) The announcement by one voice part of a theme to be repeated by the other parts.
      26. (music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.
      27. (music) A primarysynth, often composed ofsquare,sawtooth,triangle orsinewaveforms.
      28. (engineering) Theexcess above aright angle in theangle between twoconsecutivecranks, as of acompoundengine, on the sameshaft.
      29. (electricity) The angle between the line joining thebrushes of a continuous-currentdynamo and thediametersymmetrical between thepoles.
      30. (electricity) Theadvance of the currentphase in an alternatingcircuit beyond that of theelectromotive force producing it.
      Derived terms
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      terms derived from the nounlead
      Translations
      [edit]
      Seelead/translations § Etymology 2.

      Adjective

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      lead (notcomparable)

      1. (not comparable)Foremost.
        The contestants are all tied; no one has thelead position.
        • 2006, Ronald Mak,The Martian Principles for Successful Enterprise Systems:
          For the first time ever, the senior architect andlead developer for a key enterprise system on NASA's ongoing Mars Exploration Rover mission shares the secrets to one of the most difficult technology tasks[]
        Synonyms:first,front,head,leader,leading
      2. Main,principal,primary,first,chief,foremost.
        thelead guitarist in band
        thelead developer on a software project
        • 2017 August 25, "Arrest threat as Yingluck Shinawatra misses verdict", in aljazeera.com,Al Jazeera:
          Yingluck Shinawatra, Thailand's ex-prime minister, has missed a verdict in a negligence trial that could have seen her jailed, prompting the Supreme Court to say it will issue an arrest warrant fearing she is a flight risk, according to thelead judge in the case.
      Derived terms
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      Translations
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      Translations

      Etymology 3

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      Perhaps from a confusion or conflation withread, which has a single spelling for both past and present tenses, but has differing pronunciations in the same way aslead, i.e. the present's vowel is/i/, and the past's is/ɛ/.
      See alsored andredd, the obsolete spellings ofread.

      Verb

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      lead

      1. Misspelling ofled.

      References

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      Anagrams

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      Hungarian

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      Etymology

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      le- +‎ad

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): [ˈlɛɒd]
      • Hyphenation:le‧ad
      • Rhymes:-ɒd

      Verb

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      lead

      1. (transitive) topass down,hand down,turn in,drop off
      2. (transitive) to lose weight, usually as a result of some kind of training or exercise

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation oflead
      Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. 
      sg formal
      1st person pl2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. 
      pl formal
      indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.leadokleadszleadleadunkleadtokleadnak
      def.leadomleadodleadjaleadjukleadjátokleadják
      2nd objleadlak
      pastindef.leadtamleadtálleadottleadtunkleadtatokleadtak
      def.leadtamleadtadleadtaleadtukleadtátokleadták
      2nd objleadtalak
      future
      Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.le fog adni.
      archaic
      preterite
      indef.leadékleadálleadaleadánkleadátokleadának
      def.leadámleadádleadáleadánkleadátokleadák
      2nd objleadálak
      archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.lead vala,leadott vala/volt.
      archaic futureindef.leadandokleadandaszleadandleadandunkleadandotokleadandanak
      def.leadandomleadandodleadandjaleadandjukleadandjátokleadandják
      2nd objleadandalak
      condi­tionalpre­sentindef.leadnékleadnálleadnaleadnánkleadnátokleadnának
      def.leadnámleadnádleadnáleadnánk
      (or leadnók)
      leadnátokleadnák
      2nd objleadnálak
      pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.leadott volna
      sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.leadjakleadj or
      leadjál
      leadjonleadjunkleadjatokleadjanak
      def.leadjamleadd or
      leadjad
      leadjaleadjukleadjátokleadják
      2nd objleadjalak
      (archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.leadott légyen
      infinitiveleadnileadnomleadnodleadnialeadnunkleadnotokleadniuk
      other
      forms
      verbal nounpresent part.past part.future part.adverbial participlecausative
      leadásleadóleadottleadandóleadva (leadván)leadat
      The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular
      (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
      The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem ad le or le is ad.
      Potential conjugation oflead
      Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
      informal
      3rd person sg,
      2nd p. 
      sg formal
      1st person pl2nd person pl
      informal
      3rd person pl,
      2nd p. 
      pl formal
      indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.leadhatokleadhatszleadhatleadhatunkleadhattokleadhatnak
      def.leadhatomleadhatodleadhatjaleadhatjukleadhatjátokleadhatják
      2nd objleadhatlak
      pastindef.leadhattamleadhattálleadhatottleadhattunkleadhattatokleadhattak
      def.leadhattamleadhattadleadhattaleadhattukleadhattátokleadhatták
      2nd objleadhattalak
      archaic
      preterite
      indef.leadhatékleadhatálleadhataleadhatánkleadhatátokleadhatának
      def.leadhatámleadhatádleadhatáleadhatánkleadhatátokleadhaták
      2nd objleadhatálak
      archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.leadhat vala,leadhatott vala/volt.
      archaic futureindef.leadhatandok
      or leadandhatok
      leadhatandasz
      or leadandhatsz
      leadhatand
      or leadandhat
      leadhatandunk
      or leadandhatunk
      leadhatandotok
      or leadandhattok
      leadhatandanak
      or leadandhatnak
      def.leadhatandom
      or leadandhatom
      leadhatandod
      or leadandhatod
      leadhatandja
      or leadandhatja
      leadhatandjuk
      or leadandhatjuk
      leadhatandjátok
      or leadandhatjátok
      leadhatandják
      or leadandhatják
      2nd objleadhatandalak
      or leadandhatlak
      condi­tionalpre­sentindef.leadhatnékleadhatnálleadhatnaleadhatnánkleadhatnátokleadhatnának
      def.leadhatnámleadhatnádleadhatnáleadhatnánk
      (or leadhatnók)
      leadhatnátokleadhatnák
      2nd objleadhatnálak
      pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.leadhatott volna
      sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.leadhassakleadhass or
      leadhassál
      leadhassonleadhassunkleadhassatokleadhassanak
      def.leadhassamleadhasd or
      leadhassad
      leadhassaleadhassukleadhassátokleadhassák
      2nd objleadhassalak
      (archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.leadhatott légyen
      infinitive(leadhatni)(leadhatnom)(leadhatnod)(leadhatnia)(leadhatnunk)(leadhatnotok)(leadhatniuk)
      other
      forms
      positive adjectivenegative adjectiveadverbial participle
      leadhatóleadhatatlan(leadhatva /leadhatván)
      The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem adhat le or le is adhat.

      Derived terms

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      Expressions

      Further reading

      [edit]
      • lead in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

      Middle English

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      Noun

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      lead

      1. (Kent or Late Middle English)alternative form ofled(lead)

      Old English

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      Etymology

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      FromProto-West Germanic*laud.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Noun

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      lēad n

      1. lead
        • Exeter Book,riddle 40
          Hefiġere iċ eom micle þonne sē hāra stān
          oþþe unlȳtellēades clympre,
          lēohtre iċ eom micle þonne þēs lȳtla wyrm
          þe hēr on flōde gǣð fōtum dryġe.
          I am much heavier than the gray stone
          or an un-little clumpof lead,
          I am much lighter than this little bug
          that walks here on the water with dry feet

      Declension

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      Stronga-stem:

      singularplural
      nominativelēad
      accusativelēad
      genitivelēades
      dativelēade

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      Polish

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      PolishWikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipediapl

      Etymology

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      Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishlead.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      lead inan

      1. (newspapers, journalism)leadparagraph,teaser,lead-in(start of a newspaper column, telling who, what, when, where, why and how)

      Declension

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      Declension oflead
      singularplural
      nominativeleadleady
      genitiveleaduleadów
      dativeleadowileadom
      accusativeleadleady
      instrumentalleademleadami
      locativeleadzieleadach
      vocativeleadzieleady

      Further reading

      [edit]
      • lead in Polish dictionaries at PWN
      Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=lead&oldid=88224169"
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