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lai

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "lai"

Translingual

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Symbol

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lai

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forLambya.

See also

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English

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Request for quotationsThis entry needsquotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting,durably archived quotes, then please add them!

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishlai,lay, fromOld Frenchlai(song, lyric, poem), from OldFrankish*laik, *laih(play, melody, song), fromProto-Germanic*laikaz,*laikiz(jump, play, dance, hymn), fromProto-Indo-European*leyg-(to jump, spring, play). Akin toOld High Germanleih(a play, skit, melody, song),Middle High Germanleich(piece of music, epic song played on a harp),Gothic𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃(laiks,a dance),Old Englishlācan(to move quickly, fence, sing). More atlake.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lai (plurallais)

  1. (historical) A mostly North Europeanmedieval form of lyrical, narrative poem written in octosyllabic couplets that often deals with tales of adventure and romance, withstanzas that do not repeat.

Translations

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form of lyrical, narrative poem

See also

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Anagrams

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Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Uncertain. CompareRomanianlai,Albanianljaj.

Adjective

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lai

  1. black
  2. (figurative)poor,miserable,unfortunate
  3. (figurative)wicked,bad

Synonyms

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Related terms

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Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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Adverb

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lai

  1. (Austria, Tyrol)only,just

Bourguignon

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Etymology

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FromLatinilla.

Article

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lai (masculineleorlou,pluralles)

  1. (feminine nouns)the

Champenois

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchla, fromLatinilla.

Pronunciation

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Article

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lai (masculinelou,pluralles)

  1. (feminine nouns)the

References

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  • Daunay, Jean (1998),Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes
  • Baudoin, Alphonse (1885),Glossaire de la forêt de Clairvaux[3] (in French), Troyes

Estonian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*lakja, originally from a Germanic source. Cognate toFinnishlaaja,Livonianlaiga.

Adjective

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lai (genitivelaia,partitivelaia,comparativelaiem,superlativekõige laiem)

  1. wide,broad

Declension

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Declension oflai (ÕS type22u/leib, length gradation)
singularplural
nominativelailaiad
accusativenom.
gen.laia
genitivelaiade
partitivelaialaiu
laiasid
illativelaia
laiasse
laiadesse
laiusse
inessivelaiaslaiades
laius
elativelaiastlaiadest
laiust
allativelaialelaiadele
laiule
adessivelaiallaiadel
laiul
ablativelaialtlaiadelt
laiult
translativelaiakslaiadeks
laiuks
terminativelaianilaiadeni
essivelaianalaiadena
abessivelaiatalaiadeta
comitativelaiagalaiadega

French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchlai, fromOld Frenchlai(song, lyric, poem), fromFrankish*laik, *laih(play, melody, song), fromProto-Germanic*laikaz,*laikiz(jump, play, dance, hymn), fromProto-Indo-European*leyg-(to jump, spring, play). Akin toOld High Germanleih(a play, skit, melody, song),Middle High Germanleich(piece of music, epic song played on a harp),Old Englishlācan(to move quickly, fence, sing). More atlake. Alternatively from Celtic; compareOld Irishloíd(poem).

Noun

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lai m (plurallais)

  1. (historical) a mostly North Europeanmedieval form of lyrical, narrative poem written in octosyllabic couplets that often deals with tales of adventure and romance., withstanzas that do not repeat

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromOld Frenchlai, fromLatinlāicus.Doublet oflaïque.

Adjective

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lai (femininelaie,masculine plurallais,feminine plurallaies)

  1. (archaic)lay(not clerical)
    Synonym:laïque
  2. Still used in the termsfrère lai,sœur laie, which see.
    Synonym:convers

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ido

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Noun

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lai

  1. plural ofla

Istriot

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Noun

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lai

  1. side

Adverb

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lai

  1. here(this place)
    • 1877, Antonio Ive,Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page40:
      Vuoltite biunduleîna inversolai,
      Turn around towardsthis place, little blonde,

Iu Mien

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Etymology

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FromProto-Hmong-Mien*-ʔræi(vegetable). Cognate withWhite Hmongzaub andWestern Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang]reib.

Noun

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lai 

  1. vegetable

Khasi

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Khasi cardinal numbers
 <  234  > 
   Cardinal :lai

Etymology

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FromProto-Khasian*laaj. ComparePnarle,Lyngngamlaj,War-Jaintia.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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lai

  1. three

See also

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References

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  • Singh, U Nissor (1906),Khasi-English dictionary[4], Shillong: Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Press, page109. Searchable online atSEAlang.net.

Laboya

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*laki. Cognate withIndonesianlaki.

Noun

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lai

  1. husband

References

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  • Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “lai”, inKamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page58
  • Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*laki”, in the CLDF dataset fromThe Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–),→DOI

Latvian

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Etymology

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Traditionally,lai is derived from the imperative form of the verblaist(to allow, to permit) (quod vide):laidlai, an evolution reminiscent ofRussianпускай(puskaj),пусть(pustʹ,let, so be) fromпускать(puskatʹ,to allow, to permit). The formlaid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis thatLatvianlai,Lithuanianlai̇̃ are clearly related toOld Prussian-lai, which is added to (usually infinitive) verbs to indicatevolitive orconditional mood. This suggests aProto-Baltic form*lai, probably related to the final-le of Latvian reinforcing particlesjele ~jel,nule, and (dialectal)nele, and toOld Prussian-le, apparently a variant of-lai. This*le would then have the same origin asProto-Slavic*li (comparePolishli(only)Russianли(li)), with cognates in other languages (Albanian, Tocharian) from a basicProto-Indo-European*l-. After this criticism, the relationship betweenlai andlaist has become unclear. MaybeProto-Indo-European*l- was an old verb, or maybelaist was derived from an older particle.[1]

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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lai

  1. with theconditional, indicatingpurpose, sometimescause; sometimescorrelating withtāpēc,tādēļ in themain clause;so that,in order to,in order that
    lai varētu labāk pārredzēt apkārtni, bija jāuzkāpj tornī
    in order to be able to see the surroundings better, it was necessary to climb the tower
    kad viņa, laimīgi smiedamās, pacēla savu glāzi,lai saskandinātu ar viesiem, es noraudzījos ar klusu skaudību
    when she, laughing happily, lifted her glass,in order to clink glasses with the visitors, I watched with quiet envy
    gājējiem jāraugās,lai dēļa vaļējais gals neiesistu pa pieri
    the passers-by must be careful,so that the free end of the log does not hit them on the forehead
    apģērbam un apaviem jābūt ērtiem,lai tie netraucētu kustības
    clothes and shoes must be comfortable,so that they don't disturb (one's) movement
    kafiju nedrīkst vārīt,lai tā nezaudētu aromātu
    coffee should not be boiled,so that it doesn't lose its aroma
    es mācos tikai tāpēc,lai labāk noderētu lielajā cīņā
    I learn onlyso that I can serve better in the great fight
    studēt es gribu tikai tādēļ,lai pati vairāk zinātu unlai iegūtās zināšanas varētu atdot citiem
    I want to study onlyso that I will know more andso that the knowledge gained can be given to others
  2. indicatingconcession,especially in thecombinationslaigan,laiarī;though,although,even though
    lai cīņas būs grūtas, mēs uzvarēsim
    though the fight will be difficult, we will win
    un,lai ļaudis sacījuši ko sacīdami, jaunā sieva katru sliktu vārdu atvairījusi
    and,although the people said what(ever) they wanted, the young wife deflected every bad word
    pēc teātra Vilis Virpuls palika uz deju,lai gan nekad nedejoja
    after the theater Vilis Virpuls stayed at the dance,even though he never danced
    viņš atbrauca ātri,lai gan ceļš bija slikts
    he came quickly,although the road was bad
    lai arī dārzs ir mazliet nolaists, tas tomēr ir skaists
    although the garden is a little neglected, it still is beautiful
  3. indicatingstrongconcession, incombination witharī,nu,vai and withinterrogativepronouns likecik,kāds,kurš,kas,kur;no matterhow,which,who,what,where;however,wherever,whichever,whoever,whatever,wherever
    viņa bija viņam iedvesusi ticību, ka viņš skatīs sauli,lai arī cik grūti būtu pašreiz
    she had inspired in him the belief that he would look at the sun,no matter how difficult this would be now
    mēs visi būsim kopā,lai kā mums kuram ies
    we will all be together,no matter how it goes for us
    lai vai kā, es tomēr runāšu
    no matter how (= whatever happens), I will still speak
    lai kur kāds runā, viņš tūdaļ pretī ar savu
    wherever someone speaks, he immediately (goes) against him with his (words, opinions)
    lai nu tālu, tomēr kādos svētkos raudzīšu attikt
    however far (it may be), I will still try to be at the celebration
  4. aftercertainverbs,introducing adirect objectclause;that,for ...to,to
    zīlītes vairs negaidīja,lai Ilzīte viņas baro
    the titmice no longer waitedfor Ilzīteto feed them
    nē, viņa lūdza,lai es apturu mašīnu
    no, she askedthat I stop the car
    vai nevajadzētu paziņot,lai atbrauc viņa piederīgie?
    couldn't (you) have informed (us)that his people would come back?
    bērnu stomatoloģiskajā poliklīnikā galvenokārt rūpējas par to,lai zobi tiktu savlaicīgi salaboti
    in the children's dental clinic, one cares primarilythat the (children's) teeth will be repaired in time
  5. indicatingmanner and/orpurpose,usuallycorrelating with anadverb like(like that) in themainclause;so that,suchthat,in such a way that
    runā,lai var ko saprast
    speakso that (=in such a way that) one can understand something
    lampu novietutā, lai gaisma krīt no augšas un kreisās puses
    the lamp (is) placedin such a way that the light falls from the top and (from) the left side
    tu centies to pateikt saudzīgi,tā, lai mani nesāpinātu
    you try to say it gently,in such a way that it won't hurt me
  6. indicatingconsequence,especially withtik(so (much)),pārāk(too much) and anadjective orparticiple in themainclause;so that,so ...that,too (much) ...for,to,that
    pie debesīm stāvēja pusmēness, izplatīdams pietiekošu krēslu,lai celiņu uz riju varētu redzēt
    on the sky (there) was a half moon, spreading enough light (lit. dawn),so that one could see the little path to the barn
    aitas bijušastik vājas,lai vējš apgāztu
    the sheep wereso weakthat the wind (would) turn them over
    zemnieki bijapārāk iebaidīti,lai nakts laikā rādītos ārpus mājām
    the peasants weretoo intimidatedto show themselves outside during the night
    nebija vēl noadītitik biezi cimdi,lai tagad, laukā braucot, nesaltu rokas
    (one) had not yet knitsuch thick glovesthat, going out now, (one's) hands wouldn't freeze

Particle

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lai

  1. used toexpress anoptative (wish)nuance:may,may itbethat
    lai dabas spēkus gudrs cilvēks veicmay the wise person lead the forces of nature
    lai visas dienas labus vārdus teicmay all days bring (lit. say) good words
    lai viss sils izdegtu!may the whole (pine) forest burn!
    lai dzīvo!(long)may he live! hooray!
    tie ir trakāki par baroniem... velnslai viņus parauj!
    those (people) are crazier than the barons...may the devil take them!
  2. used toexpressencouragement,agreement:let
    ja tu, Zane, nevari,lai paliek šovakar govis neslauktasif you, Zane, can't (do it),let the cows remain unmilked tonight
    draugi mani atkal uzaicināja medībās: “labi”, es teicu, “lai notiek; bet pēdējo reizi!”
    friends invited me again to hunt: “OK,” I said, “let it happen (= I'll go); but (for) the last time!”
  3. used tomarkthirdpersonimperativeforms ofverbs;sometimesused with thefirstpersonalso:let
    lai taču viņš iet”, Aina saka; “lai viņš iet, es arī neturēšu viņu,lai iet,lai iet”
    “butlet him go,” Aina said, “let him go, I also won't keep him,let (him) go,let (him) go”
    lai vēlam putnam laimīgu lidojumu!let us wish the bird a happy flight!
  4. used togive anuance ofindecision ordoubt,especially in aquestionshould,could
    kolai viņam saku, kādu padomulai dodu?whatshould I say to him, what adviceshould I give?
    man vajadzīgs padoms; es nezinu, pie kā citalai griežos
    I need advice; I don't know who else Icould turn to (but you)
    es prasu zemei, kur meklētlai ejuI ask the earth, whereshould I go to look for (it)?
  5. (colloquial)used toaddstrength to aword orexpression, tolink itmoretightly to therest of thesentence
    Soklēns gribēja savus viesus uzjautrināt ar pajāšanos; seglilai bija iegādāti
    Soklēns wanted to cheer his guests up with some (horse) riding; the saddles wereeven ready (already)
    vasarā, kad būs āboli, vai tad nāksi ciemos? ar medulai pacienāšu, jā?
    during the summer, when there will be apples, maybe then you will come visit? and I willalso treat you with honey, yes?
  6. used toreinforce aword,highlighting it among others
    tūliņ svied tās meijas nost un meklē rīksti rokā! vai lopi līdz vakaramlai kūtī stāv?
    throw those boughs away right now and go get your rod! are the animalsreally going to stay in the barn till night?
  7. used, sometimes withnu orir, toindicatetolerance of, oragreement with, someone else
    protams, mājās būs vēl nepatīkamāka saruna, to es zinu pavisam skaidri, betlai!
    of course, at home there will still be an unpleasant talk, I know that very well, andhow (= boy do I)!
    lai nu,lai nu, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls mierinājaOK,OK, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls comforted (him)
    “esi gan tu muļķa meitene”, Karlīne zobojās; “a,lai ir!” Annele spītīgi atcirta
    “you are indeed a stupid girl,” Karlīne mocked; “ah,so be it!” Annele snapped angrily back
    lai jau būtulet it be, so be it

References

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  1. ^Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “lai”, inLatviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary]‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS,→ISBN

Maia

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Noun

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lai

  1. beach

Malay

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromHokkien (lâi, “pear”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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lai (Jawi spellingلاي,plurallai-lai)

  1. pear

Further reading

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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lai

  1. nonstandard spelling oflái
  2. nonstandard spelling oflǎi
  3. nonstandard spelling oflài

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Maroon Spirit Language

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Etymology

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FromEnglishlie.

Noun

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lai (plurallais)

  1. lie(intentionally false statement)
    • 1983,Kenneth M. Bilby, “How the "older heads" talk: a Jamaican Maroon spirit possession language and its relationship to the creoles of Suriname and Sierra Leone”, inNew West Indian Guide,→ISSN, page72:
      if im a tellais, wen im bin bak wi de go go na in sikin.
      If he is tellinglies, when he comes back we will go to his body.

Old French

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinlacus.

Noun

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laioblique singularm (oblique plurallais,nominative singularlais,nominative plurallai)

  1. pond,lake
  2. trench,ditch
  3. grave

Etymology 2

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Origin uncertain. Cognate withOccitanlais. Usually conjectured to be either ofGermanic orCeltic origin. If from the former, probably fromFrankish*laik(game, sport, song, music), related toOld High Germanleich(song, melody, music); if the latter, akin toOld Irishloíd, fromProto-Celtic*loidā, fromProto-Indo-European*leyd-(to let, let go), however the Oxford English dictionary calls a Celtic origin "out of the question".[1]

Noun

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laioblique singularm (oblique plurallais,nominative singularlais,nominative plurallai)

  1. lai(Medieval text)
Descendants
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Etymology 3

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FromVulgar Latin*laitus, fromFrankish*laiþ(hateful).

Adjective

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lai m (oblique and nominative feminine singularlaie)

  1. ugly
Descendants
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References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “lay”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Old Irish

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Noun

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lai

  1. alternative spelling oflaí

Pnar

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Etymology

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FromProto-Khasian*la:j ~ *la:c. The expected reflex is*le. Cognate withKhasileit.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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lai 

  1. togo

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Uncertain. Several explanations exist. One derives it fromAlbanianljaj, itself possibly fromLatinflavus, but this is uncertain, and it may be that the Albanian is derived from Proto-Romanian (or Aromanian- compare the cognatelaiu,lae in this language). Other theories suggest a Romanian root*gălai, fromLatingalla or alternatively an etymology fromlabes(fault, defect), extending the meaning to "spot" and hence, "black" or "dark", but as it is a secondary meaning in Latin, this is not very likely. A more likely explanation may be a relation to the verbla(to wash), aslai is used mostly to describe the natural color of wool resulting from washing (compare the similar secondary senses ofSpanishcrudo,Frenchécru).[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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lai m orn (feminine singularlaie,plurallăi)

  1. (popular)black (or black mixed with white),gray
    Synonyms:negru,brumăriu

Declension

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Declension oflai
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative
indefinitelailaielăilăi
definitelaiullaialăiilăile
genitive-
dative
indefinitelailăilăilăi
definitelaiuluilăiilăilorlăilor

References

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  1. ^lai”, inDEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language) (in Romanian), 2004–2025

Romansch

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinlacus, fromProto-Italic*lakus, fromProto-Indo-European*lókus(lake, pool).

Noun

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lai m (plurallais)

  1. lake
Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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FromLatinlectus.

Noun

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lai f (plurallais)

  1. (Vallader)marriage,matrimony
Alternative forms
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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese(mule,SV:la,loa).

Verb

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lai

  1. short forlai giống(tocrossbreed)

Adjective

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lai

  1. ofmixedblood;crossbred
    conlaicrossbred offspring

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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(classifiercái) lai ()

  1. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam)hemline;turn-up

Etymology 3

[edit]

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese(aweightunit,SV:li).

Noun

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lai

  1. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam)hundredthpart of atael (equal to 0.378 g)

Etymology 4

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Verb

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lai

  1. (Central Vietnam) tocarry (someone) on one'sbicycle ormotorbikepillion; togive someone alift on the bicycle or motorbike
  2. totow

Etymology 5

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Noun

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(classifiercây) lai

  1. candlenut;candleberry (Aleurites moluccanus)

Etymology 6

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Romanization

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lai

  1. Sino-Vietnamese reading of
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Adjective

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lai

  1. soft mutation ofllai(smaller)

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofllai
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
llailaiunchangedunchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Zhuang

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Etymology

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FromProto-Tai*ʰlaːjᴬ(many;much), fromOld Chinese (OC*[t.l]ˤaj) (B-S). Cognate withThaiหลาย(lǎai),Northern Thaiᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ,Laoຫຼາຍ(lāi),ᦜᦻ(l̇aay),Khünᩉ᩠ᩃᩣ᩠ᨿ,Shanလၢႆ(lǎai),Bouyeilaail,Saekหล่าย. Compare Jizhaolaːi²¹.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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lai (Sawndip forms𫯓oror𡥧or𡃤,1957–1982 spellinglai)

  1. many,much,a lot
    Antonym:noix

Derived terms

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Adverb

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lai (Sawndip forms𫯓oror𡥧or𡃤,1957–1982 spellinglai)

  1. more
  2. comparatively;more
  3. too;exceedingly;very
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