| positive | negative | |
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infinitive | ukukha | ukungakhi |
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| |
imperative |
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| simple | + object concord |
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singular | yikha | -khe |
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plural | yikhani | -kheni |
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|
present |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
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1st singular | ngiyakha,ngikha | engikhayo,engikha | ngikha | angikhi | engingakhi | ngingakhi |
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2nd singular | uyakha,ukha | okhayo,okha | ukha | awukhi | ongakhi | ungakhi |
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1st plural | siyakha,sikha | esikhayo,esikha | sikha | asikhi | esingakhi | singakhi |
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2nd plural | niyakha,nikha | enikhayo,enikha | nikha | anikhi | eningakhi | ningakhi |
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class 1 | uyakha,ukha | okhayo,okha | ekha | akakhi | ongakhi | engakhi |
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class 2 | bayakha,bakha | abakhayo,abakha | bekha | abakhi | abangakhi | bengakhi |
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class 3 | uyakha,ukha | okhayo,okha | ukha | awukhi | ongakhi | ungakhi |
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class 4 | iyakha,ikha | ekhayo,ekha | ikha | ayikhi | engakhi | ingakhi |
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class 5 | liyakha,likha | elikhayo,elikha | likha | alikhi | elingakhi | lingakhi |
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class 6 | ayakha,akha | akhayo,akha | ekha | awakhi | angakhi | engakhi |
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class 7 | siyakha,sikha | esikhayo,esikha | sikha | asikhi | esingakhi | singakhi |
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class 8 | ziyakha,zikha | ezikhayo,ezikha | zikha | azikhi | ezingakhi | zingakhi |
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class 9 | iyakha,ikha | ekhayo,ekha | ikha | ayikhi | engakhi | ingakhi |
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class 10 | ziyakha,zikha | ezikhayo,ezikha | zikha | azikhi | ezingakhi | zingakhi |
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class 11 | luyakha,lukha | olukhayo,olukha | lukha | alukhi | olungakhi | lungakhi |
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class 14 | buyakha,bukha | obukhayo,obukha | bukha | abukhi | obungakhi | bungakhi |
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class 15 | kuyakha,kukha | okukhayo,okukha | kukha | akukhi | okungakhi | kungakhi |
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class 17 | kuyakha,kukha | okukhayo,okukha | kukha | akukhi | okungakhi | kungakhi |
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|
recent past |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
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1st singular | ngikhile,ngikhē | engikhile,engikhē | ngikhile,ngikhē | angikhanga | engingakhanga | ngingakhanga |
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2nd singular | ukhile,ukhē | okhile,okhē | ukhile,ukhē | awukhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
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1st plural | sikhile,sikhē | esikhile,esikhē | sikhile,sikhē | asikhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
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2nd plural | nikhile,nikhē | enikhile,enikhē | nikhile,nikhē | anikhanga | eningakhanga | ningakhanga |
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class 1 | ukhile,ukhē | okhile,okhē | ekhile,ekhē | akakhanga | ongakhanga | engakhanga |
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class 2 | bakhile,bakhē | abakhile,abakhē | bekhile,bekhē | abakhanga | abangakhanga | bengakhanga |
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class 3 | ukhile,ukhē | okhile,okhē | ukhile,ukhē | awukhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
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class 4 | ikhile,ikhē | ekhile,ekhē | ikhile,ikhē | ayikhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
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class 5 | likhile,likhē | elikhile,elikhē | likhile,likhē | alikhanga | elingakhanga | lingakhanga |
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class 6 | akhile,akhē | akhile,akhē | ekhile,ekhē | awakhanga | angakhanga | engakhanga |
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class 7 | sikhile,sikhē | esikhile,esikhē | sikhile,sikhē | asikhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
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class 8 | zikhile,zikhē | ezikhile,ezikhē | zikhile,zikhē | azikhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
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class 9 | ikhile,ikhē | ekhile,ekhē | ikhile,ikhē | ayikhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
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class 10 | zikhile,zikhē | ezikhile,ezikhē | zikhile,zikhē | azikhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
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class 11 | lukhile,lukhē | olukhile,olukhē | lukhile,lukhē | alukhanga | olungakhanga | lungakhanga |
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class 14 | bukhile,bukhē | obukhile,obukhē | bukhile,bukhē | abukhanga | obungakhanga | bungakhanga |
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class 15 | kukhile,kukhē | okukhile,okukhē | kukhile,kukhē | akukhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
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class 17 | kukhile,kukhē | okukhile,okukhē | kukhile,kukhē | akukhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
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|
remote past |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
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1st singular | ngākha | engākha | ngākha | angikhanga | engingakhanga | ngingakhanga |
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2nd singular | wākha | owākha | wākha | awukhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
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1st plural | sākha | esākha | sākha | asikhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
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2nd plural | nākha | enākha | nākha | anikhanga | eningakhanga | ningakhanga |
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class 1 | wākha | owākha | ākha | akakhanga | ongakhanga | engakhanga |
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class 2 | bākha | abākha | bākha | abakhanga | abangakhanga | bengakhanga |
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class 3 | wākha | owākha | wākha | awukhanga | ongakhanga | ungakhanga |
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class 4 | yākha | eyākha | yākha | ayikhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
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class 5 | lākha | elākha | lākha | alikhanga | elingakhanga | lingakhanga |
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class 6 | ākha | ākha | ākha | awakhanga | angakhanga | engakhanga |
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class 7 | sākha | esākha | sākha | asikhanga | esingakhanga | singakhanga |
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class 8 | zākha | ezākha | zākha | azikhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
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class 9 | yākha | eyākha | yākha | ayikhanga | engakhanga | ingakhanga |
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class 10 | zākha | ezākha | zākha | azikhanga | ezingakhanga | zingakhanga |
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class 11 | lwākha | olwākha | lwākha | alukhanga | olungakhanga | lungakhanga |
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class 14 | bākha | obākha | bākha | abukhanga | obungakhanga | bungakhanga |
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class 15 | kwākha | okwākha | kwākha | akukhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
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class 17 | kwākha | okwākha | kwākha | akukhanga | okungakhanga | kungakhanga |
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|
potential |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
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1st singular | ngingakha | — | ngingakha | ngingekhe | — | ngingekhe |
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2nd singular | ungakha | — | ungakha | ungekhe | — | ungekhe |
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1st plural | singakha | — | singakha | singekhe | — | singekhe |
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2nd plural | ningakha | — | ningakha | ningekhe | — | ningekhe |
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class 1 | angakha | — | engakha | angekhe | — | engekhe |
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class 2 | bangakha | — | bengakha | bangekhe | — | bengekhe |
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class 3 | ungakha | — | ungakha | ungekhe | — | ungekhe |
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class 4 | ingakha | — | ingakha | ingekhe | — | ingekhe |
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class 5 | lingakha | — | lingakha | lingekhe | — | lingekhe |
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class 6 | angakha | — | engakha | angekhe | — | engekhe |
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class 7 | singakha | — | singakha | singekhe | — | singekhe |
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class 8 | zingakha | — | zingakha | zingekhe | — | zingekhe |
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class 9 | ingakha | — | ingakha | ingekhe | — | ingekhe |
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class 10 | zingakha | — | zingakha | zingekhe | — | zingekhe |
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class 11 | lungakha | — | lungakha | lungekhe | — | lungekhe |
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class 14 | bungakha | — | bungakha | bungekhe | — | bungekhe |
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class 15 | kungakha | — | kungakha | kungekhe | — | kungekhe |
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class 17 | kungakha | — | kungakha | kungekhe | — | kungekhe |
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|
immediate future |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
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1st singular | ngizokukha | engizokukha | ngizokukha | angizukukha | engingezukukha | ngingezukukha |
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2nd singular | uzokukha | ozokukha | uzokukha | awuzukukha | ongezukukha | ungezukukha |
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1st plural | sizokukha | esizokukha | sizokukha | asizukukha | esingezukukha | singezukukha |
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2nd plural | nizokukha | enizokukha | nizokukha | anizukukha | eningezukukha | ningezukukha |
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class 1 | uzokukha | ozokukha | ezokukha | akazukukha | ongezukukha | engezukukha |
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class 2 | bazokukha | abazokukha | bezokukha | abazukukha | abangezukukha | bengezukukha |
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class 3 | uzokukha | ozokukha | uzokukha | awuzukukha | ongezukukha | ungezukukha |
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class 4 | izokukha | ezokukha | izokukha | ayizukukha | engezukukha | ingezukukha |
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class 5 | lizokukha | elizokukha | lizokukha | alizukukha | elingezukukha | lingezukukha |
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class 6 | azokukha | azokukha | ezokukha | awazukukha | angezukukha | engezukukha |
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class 7 | sizokukha | esizokukha | sizokukha | asizukukha | esingezukukha | singezukukha |
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class 8 | zizokukha | ezizokukha | zizokukha | azizukukha | ezingezukukha | zingezukukha |
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class 9 | izokukha | ezokukha | izokukha | ayizukukha | engezukukha | ingezukukha |
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class 10 | zizokukha | ezizokukha | zizokukha | azizukukha | ezingezukukha | zingezukukha |
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class 11 | luzokukha | oluzokukha | luzokukha | aluzukukha | olungezukukha | lungezukukha |
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class 14 | buzokukha | obuzokukha | buzokukha | abuzukukha | obungezukukha | bungezukukha |
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class 15 | kuzokukha | okuzokukha | kuzokukha | akuzukukha | okungezukukha | kungezukukha |
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class 17 | kuzokukha | okuzokukha | kuzokukha | akuzukukha | okungezukukha | kungezukukha |
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|
remote future |
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| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial |
---|
1st singular | ngiyokukha | engiyokukha | ngiyokukha | angiyukukha | engingeyukukha | ngingeyukukha |
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2nd singular | uyokukha | oyokukha | uyokukha | awuyukukha | ongeyukukha | ungeyukukha |
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1st plural | siyokukha | esiyokukha | siyokukha | asiyukukha | esingeyukukha | singeyukukha |
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2nd plural | niyokukha | eniyokukha | niyokukha | aniyukukha | eningeyukukha | ningeyukukha |
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class 1 | uyokukha | oyokukha | eyokukha | akayukukha | ongeyukukha | engeyukukha |
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class 2 | bayokukha | abayokukha | beyokukha | abayukukha | abangeyukukha | bengeyukukha |
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class 3 | uyokukha | oyokukha | uyokukha | awuyukukha | ongeyukukha | ungeyukukha |
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class 4 | iyokukha | eyokukha | iyokukha | ayiyukukha | engeyukukha | ingeyukukha |
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class 5 | liyokukha | eliyokukha | liyokukha | aliyukukha | elingeyukukha | lingeyukukha |
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class 6 | ayokukha | ayokukha | eyokukha | awayukukha | angeyukukha | engeyukukha |
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class 7 | siyokukha | esiyokukha | siyokukha | asiyukukha | esingeyukukha | singeyukukha |
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class 8 | ziyokukha | eziyokukha | ziyokukha | aziyukukha | ezingeyukukha | zingeyukukha |
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class 9 | iyokukha | eyokukha | iyokukha | ayiyukukha | engeyukukha | ingeyukukha |
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class 10 | ziyokukha | eziyokukha | ziyokukha | aziyukukha | ezingeyukukha | zingeyukukha |
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class 11 | luyokukha | oluyokukha | luyokukha | aluyukukha | olungeyukukha | lungeyukukha |
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class 14 | buyokukha | obuyokukha | buyokukha | abuyukukha | obungeyukukha | bungeyukukha |
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class 15 | kuyokukha | okuyokukha | kuyokukha | akuyukukha | okungeyukukha | kungeyukukha |
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class 17 | kuyokukha | okuyokukha | kuyokukha | akuyukukha | okungeyukukha | kungeyukukha |
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| |
present subjunctive |
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| positive | negative |
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1st singular | ngikhe | ngingakhi |
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2nd singular | ukhe | ungakhi |
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1st plural | sikhe | singakhi |
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2nd plural | nikhe | ningakhi |
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class 1 | akhe | angakhi |
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class 2 | bakhe | bangakhi |
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class 3 | ukhe | ungakhi |
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class 4 | ikhe | ingakhi |
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class 5 | likhe | lingakhi |
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class 6 | akhe | angakhi |
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class 7 | sikhe | singakhi |
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class 8 | zikhe | zingakhi |
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class 9 | ikhe | ingakhi |
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class 10 | zikhe | zingakhi |
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class 11 | lukhe | lungakhi |
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class 14 | bukhe | bungakhi |
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class 15 | kukhe | kungakhi |
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class 17 | kukhe | kungakhi |
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| |
past subjunctive |
---|
| positive | negative |
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1st singular | ngakha | ngangakha,angakha,angangakha |
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2nd singular | wakha | wangakha,awakha,awangakha |
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1st plural | sakha | sangakha,asakha,asangakha |
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2nd plural | nakha | nangakha,anakha,anangakha |
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class 1 | wakha | wangakha,akakha,akangakha |
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class 2 | bakha | bangakha,abakha,abangakha |
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class 3 | wakha | wangakha,awakha,awangakha |
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class 4 | yakha | yangakha,ayakha,ayangakha |
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class 5 | lakha | langakha,alakha,alangakha |
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class 6 | akha | angakha,awakha,awangakha |
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class 7 | sakha | sangakha,asakha,asangakha |
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class 8 | zakha | zangakha,azakha,azangakha |
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class 9 | yakha | yangakha,ayakha,ayangakha |
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class 10 | zakha | zangakha,azakha,azangakha |
---|
class 11 | lwakha | lwangakha,alwakha,alwangakha |
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class 14 | bakha | bangakha,abakha,abangakha |
---|
class 15 | kwakha | kwangakha,akwakha,akwangakha |
---|
class 17 | kwakha | kwangakha,akwakha,akwangakha |
---|