• IPA^(key): /kɛl/
• Rhymes:-ɛl

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

Comparecaul.

kell (pluralkells)

1. (obsolete) Thecaul.
2. (obsolete, figurative) That which covers or envelops, like a caul; a net; a fold; a film.
   • c.1608–1610,Francis Beaumont,John Fletcher, “Philaster: Or, Love Lies a Bleeding”, inComedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and forHumphrey Moseley […], published1679,→OCLC, Act V, scene iv:

     I'll have him cut to thekell.

3. (obsolete) Thecocoon orchrysalis of aninsect.
   • 1616,Ben Jonson,The Devil Is an Ass:

     Bury himself in every silkworm'skell

kell (pluralkells)

1. Akiln.
   • 1557 February 13 (Gregorian calendar),Thomas Tusser,A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie, London: […] Richard Tottel,→OCLC:

     Kell-drying

kell (uncountable)

1. Alternative spelling ofkale(“broth”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɛlː/

FromProto-Brythonic[Term?], borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatincōleus(“testicle”) (compareCornishkell,Welshcaill), ultimately fromAncient Greekκολεός(koleós).

kell f (pluralkelloù,dualdivgell)

1. testicle

FromLatincella (compareOld Irishcell).

kell f (pluralkelloùorkilli)

1. cell(of prisoner, monk):

• (Revived Middle Cornish)IPA^(key): [kɛlː]
• (Revived Late Cornish)IPA^(key): [kɛlʰ]

FromProto-Brythonic*köll, borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatincōleus(“testicle”) (compareBretonkell,Welshcaill), ultimately fromAncient Greekκολεός(koleós).

kell f (dualdiwgell,pluralkelloworkellyow)

1. testicle

FromProto-Brythonic*kell, fromLatincella. Cognate withWelshcell.

kell f (pluralkelloworkellyow)

1. cell

FromProto-Finnic*kellä, borrowed fromProto-Germanic*skellǭ(“bell”).

kell (genitivekella,partitivekella)

1. clock
2. bell
3. (in theplural, colloquial)balls,testicles

• käekell

• kék,köll,kő(all three: dialectal)

FromProto-Finno-Ugric*kelke-(“to be necessary, need to, must, be obligatory”).^[1][2]

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɛlː]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɛlː

kell

1. (auxiliary with a verb in the infinitive)must,need to,have to

   Synonyms:muszáj,kénytelen

   Ezt látnodkell. ―You have to / need to / must see it.

2. to beneeded

   Synonym:szüksége van

   Kell nekem az a ház. ―Ineed that house.

The subject of certain verbs is not someone who acts but a stimulus that prompts sensory or emotional feelings, like when thingsinterest someone,matter to someone,please someone orappeal to someone. In these cases, the experiencer can take theaccusative (e.g.interest) or thedative (e.g.appeal). The experiencer is expressed with thedative in the case ofhiányzik(“to be missing or missed by someone”),ízlik(“to taste good”),kell(“to be needed, necessary, or required”),tetszik(“to be appealing”), andvan/megvan(“to be had, to be owned by someone”).
If the experiencer is expressed with theaccusative, third-person objects (him, her, it, orthem) are considereddefinite, while first- and second-person objects (me, us, andyou), indefinite. For example, the verbérdekel can take the definite formérdekli őt(“he/she is interested”, literally“it interests him/her”) or the indefinite formérdekel engem/​téged/​minket(“I am, you are, we are interested”, literally“it interests me, you, us”). The formérdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). — Similar verbs includezavar(“to be bothered by”) andizgat(“to be intrigued by”).^[3]

• Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

• kell in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Univerbation ofkien(“was”) +‎l-(“to”).

• IPA^(key): /kɛll/
• Rhymes:-ɛll

kell- (imperfectikoll)

1. tobelong to;expresses Englishhave

   Kelli ktieb. ―I had a book. (literally, “It was to me a book.”)

   Ir-raġelkellu ktieb. ―The man had a book. (literally, “The manit was to him a book.”)

   • 1975,Anton Buttigieg, “Il-Ħajja u l-Għarajjes”, inL-Għanja tas-Sittin:

     Il-Ħajja ma’ l-għarajjes
     daret kollha daħkana;
     għalihom ferħ bisskellha
     u daqq u żfin u għana,
     xita ta’ ross, xewqiet
     f’għomor mimli għaxqiet;

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

2. (with following verb) to beobligatory for; to benecessary for;expresses Englishhave to,must

   Kelli nikteb ktieb.

   I had to write a book.

   (literally, “It was to me (that) I write a book.”)

   • 2018, Antoinette Borg,Amina, Merlin Publishers,→ISBN:

     Imnalla għajjatlu Fredu ukellu jwaqqaf l-eloġju ta’ nannuh, għax naħseb l-istorja li kien imiss kienet li għandu xi gżira privata.

     (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

• The perfect of this verb expresses the past, while the imperfect expresses future and subjunctive senses. The present is expressed by forms ofgħand. This is equivalent to the situation in the underlyingkien(“to be”), where the present is expressed (if expressed at all) by the personal pronouns.
• The verbal inflection is that of a defective verb that inflects only for tense (imperfectikoll), but not for person or number. They who “have” something, or “have to do” something, are given with the appropriate personal suffixes (as above:kelli = it was to me = I had;kellu = it was to him = he had; etc.).
• Syntactically, it is not sound to define either of the two elements (possessor or thing possessed) as theobject of the phrase. Rather the construction is that which in Arabic and Greek grammar is called anominativus pendens: The possessor is prepositioned and referred back to with a personal suffix, while the thing possessed is the grammatical subject. This construction is generally popular in Maltese; for example:Ir-raġel qatluh.(“They killed the man.”, literally“The man, they killed him.”).

• għand(possessive)

kell

1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofkala

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