Contraction ofkuani.
kani (Kana spellingカニ)
| person | isolated form | affix form | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | objective | |||
| first | singular | kuani,kani1 | ku=,k=1(before vowels) | en= |
| exclusive plural | ciokay,coka1,ciutari | ci=,c=1=as | un= | |
| inclusive plural | anokay,aoka1,anutari | a=,=an | i= | |
| second | singular | eani | e= | |
| plural | eciokay,ecioka1,eciutari | eci= | ||
| singular (polite) | anokay,aoka1 | a=,=an | i= | |
| plural (polite) | anokay,aoka1,anutari | |||
| third | singular | sinuma,anihi | ∅= | |
| plural | okay,oka1 | |||
| indefinite | singular | asinuma | a=,=an | i= |
| plural | anokay,aoka1,anutari | |||
1. Saru dialect
kani
kaní
| Direct* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
| Near speaker*** | karí kirí | ri | niari niiri | ari iri | kan-ari† kan-iri† | dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingonari | Ø |
| Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní | ni | niani niini | ani ini | kan-ani† kan-ini† | dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingonani | ing-ani in-ani |
| Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ | nganhà ngarâ | anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingonanà | ing-anà in-anà |
| Remote | kadto kató | to | niadto niato | adto ato | kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingonadto ingonato | ing-ato in-ato |
| †Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. | |||||||||||||
kani
From Proto-Central-Pacific*kani, fromProto-Oceanic*kani, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kaən, fromProto-Austronesian*kaən.
kani
kani
Used in common language, not as a zoological term.
| Inflection ofkani (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kani | kanit | |
| genitive | kanin | kanien | |
| partitive | kania | kaneja | |
| illative | kaniin | kaneihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kani | kanit | |
| accusative | nom. | kani | kanit |
| gen. | kanin | ||
| genitive | kanin | kanien | |
| partitive | kania | kaneja | |
| inessive | kanissa | kaneissa | |
| elative | kanista | kaneista | |
| illative | kaniin | kaneihin | |
| adessive | kanilla | kaneilla | |
| ablative | kanilta | kaneilta | |
| allative | kanille | kaneille | |
| essive | kanina | kaneina | |
| translative | kaniksi | kaneiksi | |
| abessive | kanitta | kaneitta | |
| instructive | — | kanein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Probablyborrowed fromRussianкон(kon). Influenced bykani (etymology 1).
kani(colloquial)
| Inflection ofkani (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kani | kanit | |
| genitive | kanin | kanien | |
| partitive | kania | kaneja | |
| illative | kaniin | kaneihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kani | kanit | |
| accusative | nom. | kani | kanit |
| gen. | kanin | ||
| genitive | kanin | kanien | |
| partitive | kania | kaneja | |
| inessive | kanissa | kaneissa | |
| elative | kanista | kaneista | |
| illative | kaniin | kaneihin | |
| adessive | kanilla | kaneilla | |
| ablative | kanilta | kaneilta | |
| allative | kanille | kaneille | |
| essive | kanina | kaneina | |
| translative | kaniksi | kaneiksi | |
| abessive | kanitta | kaneitta | |
| instructive | — | kanein | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms ofkani(Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Inherited fromProto-Polynesian*taŋi (compare withKapingamarangi,Maori andRarotongantangi;Tahitiantaʻi),[1] fromProto-Oceanic*taŋis (compare withFijiantagi), fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*taŋis (compare withChamorrotanges,Malaytangis,Tagalogtangis), fromProto-Austronesian*Caŋis.[2][3]
kani
kani
kani
| North Karelian (Viena) | kani |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) | — |
kani (genitivekanin,partitivekanie)
| Viena Karelian declension of kani (type 2/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kan??? | kan??? | |
| genitive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| partitive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| illative | kan??? | kan??? | |
| inessive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| elative | kan??? | kan??? | |
| adessive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| ablative | kan??? | kan??? | |
| translative | kan??? | kan??? | |
| essive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| comitative | — | kan??? | |
| abessive | kan??? | kan??? | |
| Possessive forms ofkani | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | kanini | |
| 2nd person | kanis | |
| 3rd person | kanih | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used insubstantivised clauses. | ||
kani
kani
kani
kani (notcomparable,no derived adverb)
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
| nominative | kani | kania | kanie | kani | kanie | |
| genitive | kaniego | kaniej | kaniego | kanich | ||
| dative | kaniemu | kaniej | kaniemu | kanim | ||
| accusative | kaniego | kani | kanią | kanie | kanich | kanie |
| instrumental | kanim | kanią | kanim | kanimi | ||
| locative | kanim | kaniej | kanim | kanich | ||
kani f
kani (Cyrillic spellingкани)
kani classIX (pluralkani classX)
FromOttoman Turkishقانع(kani), fromArabicقَانِع(qāniʕ).
kani(archaic)
kani