Borrowed fromJapanese仮名(kana,“phonetic character”,literally “borrowed character”, from the way thatkana were originally Chinese characters "borrowed" for their phonetic values).
| Audio(Southern England): | (file) |
kana (pluralkanaorkanas)
|
kana (invariable)
FromProto-Cariban*kana(“fish”).
kana
kana (Bengali scriptকানা)
kana
kana
FromMiddle Bretoncanaff, fromProto-Brythonic*kėnɨd (compareWelshcanu), fromProto-Celtic*kaneti(“to sing”) (compareIrishcanadh), fromProto-Indo-European*keh₂n-.
kana
Initial "ka-" is shared with other demonstrativeskari(“this”),kani(“this”) andkadto(“that”). Related todinha(“there”),nganha(“hither”),anaa(“there be”), andanha(“to go”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. CompareHiligaynonina,Tagalogiyan.
kanâ
| Direct* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
| Near speaker*** | karí kirí | ri | niari niiri | ari iri | kan-ari† kan-iri† | dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingonari | Ø |
| Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní | ni | niani niini | ani ini | kan-ani† kan-ini† | dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingonani | ing-ani in-ani |
| Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ | nganhà ngarâ | anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingonanà | ing-anà in-anà |
| Remote | kadto kató | to | niadto niato | adto ato | kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingonadto ingonato | ing-ato in-ato |
| †Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. | |||||||||||||
kana
kana
FromProto-Finnic*kana, fromProto-Germanic*hanô. Cognates includeFinnishkana.
kana (genitivekana,partitivekana)
| Declension ofkana (ÕS type17u/sõna, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | kana | ||
| genitive | kanade | ||
| partitive | kana | kanu kanasid | |
| illative | kanna kanasse | kanadesse kanusse | |
| inessive | kanas | kanades kanus | |
| elative | kanast | kanadest kanust | |
| allative | kanale | kanadele kanule | |
| adessive | kanal | kanadel kanul | |
| ablative | kanalt | kanadelt kanult | |
| translative | kanaks | kanadeks kanuks | |
| terminative | kanani | kanadeni | |
| essive | kanana | kanadena | |
| abessive | kanata | kanadeta | |
| comitative | kanaga | kanadega | |
From Proto-Central-Pacific*kani, fromProto-Oceanic*kani, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kaən, fromProto-Austronesian*kaən.
kana
kana
FromProto-Finnic*kana, borrowed fromProto-Germanic*hanô(“rooster, cock”),[1] fromProto-Indo-European*keh₂n-(“to sing”). Cognates includeEstoniankana,Englishhen.
kana
The wordkana usually refers to a mature bird. The Finnish translation for "chicken" in the sense "young hen" iskananpoika orbroileri.
| Inflection ofkana (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| genitive | kanan | kanojen | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| accusative | nom. | kana | kanat |
| gen. | kanan | ||
| genitive | kanan | kanojen kanainrare | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| inessive | kanassa | kanoissa | |
| elative | kanasta | kanoista | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| adessive | kanalla | kanoilla | |
| ablative | kanalta | kanoilta | |
| allative | kanalle | kanoille | |
| essive | kanana | kanoina | |
| translative | kanaksi | kanoiksi | |
| abessive | kanatta | kanoitta | |
| instructive | — | kanoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Borrowed fromJapanese仮名(kana).
kana
| Inflection ofkana (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| genitive | kanan | kanojen | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| accusative | nom. | kana | kanat |
| gen. | kanan | ||
| genitive | kanan | kanojen kanainrare | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| inessive | kanassa | kanoissa | |
| elative | kanasta | kanoista | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| adessive | kanalla | kanoilla | |
| ablative | kanalta | kanoilta | |
| allative | kanalle | kanoille | |
| essive | kanana | kanoina | |
| translative | kanaksi | kanoiksi | |
| abessive | kanatta | kanoitta | |
| instructive | — | kanoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms ofkana(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Borrowed fromOld Swedishkana.
kana(dialectal, Lapland, Kymenlaakso)
| Inflection ofkana (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| genitive | kanan | kanojen | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| accusative | nom. | kana | kanat |
| gen. | kanan | ||
| genitive | kanan | kanojen kanainrare | |
| partitive | kanaa | kanoja | |
| inessive | kanassa | kanoissa | |
| elative | kanasta | kanoista | |
| illative | kanaan | kanoihin | |
| adessive | kanalla | kanoilla | |
| ablative | kanalta | kanoilta | |
| allative | kanalle | kanoille | |
| essive | kanana | kanoina | |
| translative | kanaksi | kanoiksi | |
| abessive | kanatta | kanoitta | |
| instructive | — | kanoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
| Possessive forms ofkana(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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kana (Hanunoo spellingᜣᜨ)
FromProto-Finnic*kana. Cognates includeFinnishkana andEstoniankana.
kana
| Declension ofkana (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kana | kanat |
| genitive | kanan | kannoin |
| partitive | kannaa | kanoja |
| illative | kannaa | kannoi |
| inessive | kanas | kanois |
| elative | kanast | kanoist |
| allative | kanalle | kanoille |
| adessive | kanal | kanoil |
| ablative | kanalt | kanoilt |
| translative | kanaks | kanoiks |
| essive | kananna,kannaan | kanoinna,kannoin |
| exessive1) | kanant | kanoint |
| 1) obsolete *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) **) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka? or-kä? to thegenitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension ofkana | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kana | kanat |
| genitive | kanan | kannoin |
| partitive | kannaa | kannooja |
| illative | kannaa | kannoi |
| inessive | kanas | kanois |
| elative | kanast | kanoist |
| allative | kanalle | kanoille |
| adessive | kanal | kanoil |
| ablative | kanalt | kanoilt |
| translative | kanaks | kanoiks |
| essive | kannaan | kannoin |
| exessive1) | kannaant | kannoint |
| 1) Obsolete *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) | ||
kana
| < 3 | 4 | 5 > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal :kana | ||
FromProto-Bantu*-nàì.
kana
| Noun Class | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | Mundu | Muti | Numba | Kimanda | Itumbi | Uwathi | Kaindo | Wandu | Kuthaima |
| One -mondi | mondi | mmondi | mondi | kimondi | imondi | mondi | kamondi | wamondi | kumondi |
| plural | Andu | Miti | Numba | Imanda | Matumbi | Mbathi | Tuindo | Wandu | Kuthaima |
| Two -keri | aeri | yeri | yiri | iyiri | mairi | yiri | twiri | wairi | kwiri |
| Three -kadatu | adatu | midatu | datu | idatu | madatu | datu | tudatu | wadetu | kudatu |
| Four -kana | akana | mina | kana | ina | mana | kana | twana | wana | kwana |
| Five -kathano | athano | mithano | thano | ithano | mathano | thano | tuthano | wathano | kuthano |
| Six -thandatu | thandatu | thandato | thandatu | thandatu | thandatu | thandatu | thandatu | thandatu | thandatu |
| Seven -monza | monza | mimonza | monza | imonza | mamonza | monza | tumonza | wamonza | kumonza |
| Eight -nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya | nyanya |
| Nine -kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda | kenda |
| Ten -ikumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi | kumi |
kanaorkanâ
kana
| North Karelian (Viena) | kana |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) | kana |
FromProto-Finnic*kana. Cognates includeFinnishkana andEstoniankana.
kana (genitivekanan,partitivekanua)
| Viena Karelian declension of kana (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| genitive | kanan | kanojen | |
| partitive | kanua | kanoja | |
| illative | kanah | kanoih | |
| inessive | kanašša | kanoissa | |
| elative | kanašta | kanoista | |
| adessive | kanalla | kanoilla | |
| ablative | kanalta | kanoilta | |
| translative | kanakši | kanoiksi | |
| essive | kanana | kanoina | |
| comitative | — | kanoineh | |
| abessive | kanatta | kanoitta | |
| Tver Karelian declension of kana (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanat | |
| genitive | kanan | kanoin | |
| partitive | kanua | kanoida | |
| illative | kanah | kanoih | |
| inessive | kanašša | kanoissa | |
| elative | kanašta | kanoista | |
| adessive | kanalla | kanoilla | |
| ablative | kanalda | kanoilda | |
| translative | kanakši | kanoiksi | |
| essive | kanana | kanoina | |
| comitative | kananke | kanoinke | |
| abessive | kanatta | kanoitta | |
| Possessive forms ofkana | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | kanani | |
| 2nd person | kanaš | |
| 3rd person | kanah | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used insubstantivised clauses. | ||
kana
Borrowed fromGermanKanne, fromProto-Germanic*kannǭ.
FromProto-Finnic*kana. Cognates includeFinnishkana andVepskana.
kana
| Declension ofkana (Type 1/kana, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kana | kanad |
| genitive | kanan | kanoiden |
| partitive | kanad | kanoid |
| illative | kanah | kanoihe |
| inessive | kanas | kanoiš |
| elative | kanaspiä | kanoišpiä |
| allative | kanale | kanoile |
| adessive | kanal | kanoil |
| ablative | kanalpiä | kanoilpiä |
| translative | kanaks | kanoikš |
| essive | kanan | kanoin |
| abessive | kanata | kanoita |
| *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) | ||
kana (Lontara spellingᨀᨊ,semi-transitiveakkana)
kana (Lontara spellingᨀᨊ)
kana
Inherited fromOld Tupikana, borrowed fromBrazilian Portuguesecana, fromOld Galician-Portuguesecana, fromLatincanna, borrowed fromAncient Greekκᾰ́ννᾱ(kắnnā), borrowed fromAkkadianqanûm.
kana (pluralkana-itá)
Unknown
kana
Unknown, probably fromSanskritकङ्कण(kaṅkaṇa,“bracelet”).
kana
Borrowed fromBrazilian Portuguesecana, fromOld Galician-Portuguesecana, fromLatincanna, borrowed fromAncient Greekκᾰ́ννᾱ(kắnnā), borrowed fromAkkadianqanûm.
kana (?)
FromPortuguesecaminhar andSpanishcaminar andKabuverdianukaminha.
kana
kana m (uncountable)
kana
Inherited fromSanskritकदा(kadā).
kana
Borrowing fromOttoman Turkishقنا(kına), fromArabicحِنَّاء(ḥinnāʔ).
kȁna f (Cyrillic spellingка̏на)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kȁna | kane |
| genitive | kane | kȃnā |
| dative | kani | kanama |
| accusative | kanu | kane |
| vocative | kano | kane |
| locative | kani | kanama |
| instrumental | kanom | kanama |
Borrowed fromJapanese仮名(kana).
kàna f (Cyrillic spellingка̀на)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kana | kane |
| genitive | kane | kana |
| dative | kani | kanama |
| accusative | kanu | kane |
| vocative | kano | kane |
| locative | kani | kanama |
| instrumental | kanom | kanama |
-kana (infinitivekukana)
| Conjugation of-kana | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Imperatives | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. SeeAppendix:Swahili verbs for more information. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)
kana c
| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | kana | kanas |
| definite | kanan | kanans | |
| plural | indefinite | kanor | kanors |
| definite | kanorna | kanornas |
kana (presentkanar,preteritekanade,supinekanat,imperativekana)
| active | passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | kana | — | ||
| supine | kanat | — | ||
| imperative | kana | — | ||
| imper. plural1 | kanen | — | ||
| present | past | present | past | |
| indicative | kanar | kanade | — | — |
| ind. plural1 | kana | kanade | — | — |
| subjunctive2 | kane | kanade | — | — |
| present participle | kanande | |||
| past participle | — | |||
1 Archaic.2 Dated. Seethe appendix on Swedish verbs.
Borrowed fromMalaykena(“to contact; to have to do, to need to do; to be precise; deceived”), fromOld Malayknā, fromProto-Austronesian*kəNa(“be ensnared, caught in a trap; suffer, undergo, be struck by something; be entrapped or deceived; hit the mark, be ‘on target’, correct, right, true”). CompareIlocanokenna.
kanâ (Baybayin spellingᜃᜈ)
kanâ (Baybayin spellingᜃᜈ)
kanâ (Baybayin spellingᜃᜈ)(colloquial)
kaná (Baybayin spellingᜃᜈ)
kanà (Baybayin spellingᜃᜈ)(obsolete)
| [a],[b],[c] ← 3 | 4 | 5 → [a],[b],[c] |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal:-na,(in abstract counting)ina Ordinal:-a kana Adverbial:kana,enyakana,emirundi ena Fractional:ekicweka ekya kana | ||
kana
kana
kana
FromProto-Finnic*kana, fromProto-Germanic*hanô.
kana
| Inflection ofkana (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | kana | ||
| genitive sing. | kanan | ||
| partitive sing. | kanad | ||
| partitive plur. | kanoid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kana | kanad | |
| accusative | kanan | kanad | |
| genitive | kanan | kanoiden | |
| partitive | kanad | kanoid | |
| essive-instructive | kanan | kanoin | |
| translative | kanaks | kanoikš | |
| inessive | kanas | kanoiš | |
| elative | kanaspäi | kanoišpäi | |
| illative | kanaha | kanoihe | |
| adessive | kanal | kanoil | |
| ablative | kanalpäi | kanoilpäi | |
| allative | kanale | kanoile | |
| abessive | kanata | kanoita | |
| comitative | kananke | kanoidenke | |
| prolative | kanadme | kanoidme | |
| approximative I | kananno | kanoidenno | |
| approximative II | kanannoks | kanoidennoks | |
| egressive | kanannopäi | kanoidennopäi | |
| terminative I | kanahasai | kanoihesai | |
| terminative II | kanalesai | kanoilesai | |
| terminative III | kanassai | — | |
| additive I | kanahapäi | kanoihepäi | |
| additive II | kanalepäi | kanoilepäi | |
FromProto-Finnic*kana, fromProto-Germanic*hanô. Cognates includeEstoniankana.
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kana (genitivekana,partitivekanna)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kana | kanaq |
| accusative | kana | kanaq |
| genitive | kana | kanno |
| partitive | kanna | kanno |
| illative | kanna | kanno kannohe |
| inessive | kanan kanahn | kanon kannon kanohn kannohn |
| elative | kanast | kanost kannost |
| allative | kanalõ | kanolõ kannolõ |
| adessive | kanal | kanol kannol |
| ablative | kanalt | kanolt kannolt |
| translative | kanas | kanos kannos |
| terminative | kananiq | kanoniq kannoniq |
| abessive | kanaldaq | kanoldaq kannoldaq |
| comitative | kanagaq | kannogaq |
FromProto-Finnic*kana.
kana
| Declension ofkana (type III/jalkõ, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kana | kanad |
| genitive | kana | kanojõ,kanoi |
| partitive | kanna | kanoitõ,kanoi |
| illative | kannasõ,kanna | kanoisõ |
| inessive | kanaz | kanoiz |
| elative | kanassõ | kanoissõ |
| allative | kanalõ | kanoilõ |
| adessive | kanallõ | kanoillõ |
| ablative | kanaltõ | kanoiltõ |
| translative | kanassi | kanoissi |
| *) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) **) theterminative is formed by adding the suffix-ssaa to the shortillative (sg) or thegenitive. ***) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka to thegenitive. | ||
kana
| ALIV | kana |
|---|---|
| Brazilian standard | kana |
| New Tribes | cana |
FromProto-Cariban*kana(“fish”).
kana
