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kama

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "kama"

English

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Pronunciation

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(US)enPR:kämə,IPA^(key): /kɑmə/
Rhymes:-ɑːmə

Etymology 1

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FromJapanese鎌(kama,“sickle,scythe”).

Noun

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kama (pluralkama)

Asickle-likeweapon, originally used as a tool for cutting weeds.

Etymology 2

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FromSanskritकाम(kā́ma).

Noun

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kama (uncountable)

(Hinduism) The act or process ofwishing;longing,desire (with or withoutsexual connotations); one of thegoals oflife inHindutradition.
- 1958, V. Raghavan, “Chapter XII:Kāma, The Third End of Man”, in Stephen N Hay, William Theodore De Bary, editors,Sources of Indian Tradition, volume 2,page258:
  The place ofkāma or the pursuit of love and pleasure in the balanced Hindu scheme of life derives from the importance attached to the life of the married householder (grhastha).
- 2006, “Indian Erotology”, in Alan Soble, editor,Sex from Plato to Paglia: A Philosophical Encyclopedia, Volume 1: A-L,page 493:
  Ancient Indian thought divides the principal aims of human existence intodharma (religion, morality, social obligations),artha (economics, politics, power), andkāma (erotic pleasure, sexual interaction, sexual gratification).

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Maka,maka

Acehnese

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Noun

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kama

room(part of a building)

References

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2007.The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Bikol Central

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSpanishcama.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkama/ [ˈka.ma]
Hyphenation:ka‧ma

Noun

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káma (Basahan spellingᜃᜋ)

bed
Synonyms:katre,higdaan

Chichewa

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromPortuguesecama.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈka.má/

Noun

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kamá class9 (pluralmakamá class6)

bed
Synonym:bedi

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*-káma.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈka.ma/

Verb

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-kama (infinitivekukáma)

tomilk

Czech

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈkama]

Adverb

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kama

(dialect, Moravia)which way, which direction
Synonym:(standard Czech)kudy

Estonian

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Etymology 1

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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kama (genitivekama,partitivekama)

kama(traditional Estonian, Finnish and Russian finely milled flour mixture, consisting of roasted barley, rye, oat and pea flour)

Declension

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Declension ofkama (ÕS type17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamad
accusative	nom.	kama
accusative	gen.	kama
genitive		kama	kamade
partitive		kama	kamasid
illative		kamma kamasse	kamadesse
inessive		kamas	kamades
elative		kamast	kamadest
allative		kamale	kamadele
adessive		kamal	kamadel
ablative		kamalt	kamadelt
translative		kamaks	kamadeks
terminative		kamani	kamadeni
essive		kamana	kamadena
abessive		kamata	kamadeta
comitative		kamaga	kamadega

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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kama (genitivekama,partitivekama)

(colloquial)stuff,things

Declension

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Declension ofkama (ÕS type17/elu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamad
accusative	nom.	kama
accusative	gen.	kama
genitive		kama	kamade
partitive		kama	kamasid
illative		kamma kamasse	kamadesse
inessive		kamas	kamades
elative		kamast	kamadest
allative		kamale	kamadele
adessive		kamal	kamadel
ablative		kamalt	kamadelt
translative		kamaks	kamadeks
terminative		kamani	kamadeni
essive		kamana	kamadena
abessive		kamata	kamadeta
comitative		kamaga	kamadega

Etymology 3

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

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kama (not comparable)

(colloquial)Indicates indifference, not caring.
Kas sooviksite õunu või apelsine? Mulkamakaks.
Do you want apples or oranges? I don't careeither way.

Finnish

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Etymology

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Akin tokampe,kampsut.^[1] According to SSA, ultimately ofonomatopoeic origin;^[2] possibly related to dialectalkamahtaa(“to thump, to thud”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkɑmɑ/,[ˈkɑ̝mɑ̝]
Rhymes:-ɑmɑ
Hyphenation^(key):ka‧ma

Noun

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kama

(colloquial, usually in theplural)stuff(miscellaneous items or objects; personal effects)
Mitä ovat kaikki nuokamat makuuhuoneesi lattialla?
What is all thatstuff on your bedroom floor?
(slang, in the singular only)product(illegal drugs)

Declension

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Inflection ofkama (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		kama	kamat
genitive		kaman	kamojen
partitive		kamaa	kamoja
illative		kamaan	kamoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		kama	kamat
accusative	nom.	kama	kamat
accusative	gen.	kaman	kamat
genitive		kaman	kamojen kamain^rare
partitive		kamaa	kamoja
inessive		kamassa	kamoissa
elative		kamasta	kamoista
illative		kamaan	kamoihin
adessive		kamalla	kamoilla
ablative		kamalta	kamoilta
allative		kamalle	kamoille
essive		kamana	kamoina
translative		kamaksi	kamoiksi
abessive		kamatta	kamoitta
instructive		—	kamoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofkama(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kamani	kamani
accusative	nom.	kamani	kamani
accusative	gen.	kamani	kamani
genitive		kamani	kamojeni kamaini^rare
partitive		kamaani	kamojani
inessive		kamassani	kamoissani
elative		kamastani	kamoistani
illative		kamaani	kamoihini
adessive		kamallani	kamoillani
ablative		kamaltani	kamoiltani
allative		kamalleni	kamoilleni
essive		kamanani	kamoinani
translative		kamakseni	kamoikseni
abessive		kamattani	kamoittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kamoineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kamasi	kamasi
accusative	nom.	kamasi	kamasi
accusative	gen.	kamasi	kamasi
genitive		kamasi	kamojesi kamaisi^rare
partitive		kamaasi	kamojasi
inessive		kamassasi	kamoissasi
elative		kamastasi	kamoistasi
illative		kamaasi	kamoihisi
adessive		kamallasi	kamoillasi
ablative		kamaltasi	kamoiltasi
allative		kamallesi	kamoillesi
essive		kamanasi	kamoinasi
translative		kamaksesi	kamoiksesi
abessive		kamattasi	kamoittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kamoinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kamamme	kamamme
accusative	nom.	kamamme	kamamme
accusative	gen.	kamamme	kamamme
genitive		kamamme	kamojemme kamaimme^rare
partitive		kamaamme	kamojamme
inessive		kamassamme	kamoissamme
elative		kamastamme	kamoistamme
illative		kamaamme	kamoihimme
adessive		kamallamme	kamoillamme
ablative		kamaltamme	kamoiltamme
allative		kamallemme	kamoillemme
essive		kamanamme	kamoinamme
translative		kamaksemme	kamoiksemme
abessive		kamattamme	kamoittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kamoinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kamanne	kamanne
accusative	nom.	kamanne	kamanne
accusative	gen.	kamanne	kamanne
genitive		kamanne	kamojenne kamainne^rare
partitive		kamaanne	kamojanne
inessive		kamassanne	kamoissanne
elative		kamastanne	kamoistanne
illative		kamaanne	kamoihinne
adessive		kamallanne	kamoillanne
ablative		kamaltanne	kamoiltanne
allative		kamallenne	kamoillenne
essive		kamananne	kamoinanne
translative		kamaksenne	kamoiksenne
abessive		kamattanne	kamoittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kamoinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		kamansa	kamansa
accusative	nom.	kamansa	kamansa
accusative	gen.	kamansa	kamansa
genitive		kamansa	kamojensa kamainsa^rare
partitive		kamaansa	kamojaan kamojansa
inessive		kamassaan kamassansa	kamoissaan kamoissansa
elative		kamastaan kamastansa	kamoistaan kamoistansa
illative		kamaansa	kamoihinsa
adessive		kamallaan kamallansa	kamoillaan kamoillansa
ablative		kamaltaan kamaltansa	kamoiltaan kamoiltansa
allative		kamalleen kamallensa	kamoilleen kamoillensa
essive		kamanaan kamanansa	kamoinaan kamoinansa
translative		kamakseen kamaksensa	kamoikseen kamoiksensa
abessive		kamattaan kamattansa	kamoittaan kamoittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	kamoineen kamoinensa

Synonyms

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(stuff):tavara,roju,rihkama

Derived terms

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compounds

References

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^Forsberg, Ulla-Maija (2021)Stadin slangin etymologinen sanakirja [Etymological Dictionary of Helsinki Slang]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSES 2021"), Helsinki: Gaudeamus,→ISBN
^Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000),Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society,→ISBN

Garo

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Verb

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kama

(transitive) toburn

Related terms

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soa(intransitive)

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:

kama

Wikipedia^id

Etymology

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FromSanskritकाम(kāma,“love”), fromProto-Indo-Iranian*káHmas(“desire”), fromProto-Indo-European*kóh₂-mo-s, from*keh₂-(“to desire, wish”).

Pronunciation

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(Standard Indonesian)IPA^(key): /ˈkama/[ˈka.ma]
Rhymes:-ama
Syllabification:ka‧ma

Noun

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kama

love, especially sexual love or sensuality
personification oflove ordesire asdeity

Related terms

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Jamamadí

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Verb

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kama

(Banawá) tocome

References

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2007.The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Japanese

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Romanization

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kama

Rōmaji transcription ofかま

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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FromPortuguesecama.

Noun

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kama

Kavalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromHokkien柑仔(kam-á,“tangerine”).

Noun

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kama

orange;tangerine

Kituba

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Verb

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kama

tomilk

Lele (Chad)

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Noun

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kāmā

water

References

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Takács, Gábor (2007)Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
[…] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
(1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: […] Lele kāmā [Gowers], […]
Etudes berbères et chamito-sémitiques: mélanges offerts à Karl-G. Prasse (2000,→ISBN, page 38

Luba-Kasai

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Verb

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kama

tomilk

Maranao

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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kama

breastplate

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromSpanishcama(“bed”).

Noun

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kama

bed,cot

References

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A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Mokilese

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Pronoun

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kama

first person dual exclusive pronoun; the two of us, but not you

singular	first person	ngoah,ngoahi
second person	koah,koawoa
third person	ih
dual	first person inclusive	kisa
first person exclusive	kama
second person	kamwa
third person	ara,ira
plural	first person inclusive	kisai
first person exclusive	kamai
second person	kamwai
third person	arai,irai
remote plural	first person inclusive	kihs
first person exclusive	kimi
second person	kimwi
third person	ihr

Nǀuu

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kəmə/

Conjunction

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kama

when
Synonym:ǃûu
Kama ng âi nǁa ng ǀoba ke âi.
When I eat, my baby eats.

Verb

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kama

to beunlucky

References

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Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary

Old Tupi

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Tupi-Guarani*kam, fromProto-Tupian*ᵑkam.

Cognate withParaguayan Guaraníkáma.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkã.ma/
Rhymes:-ãma
Hyphenation:ka‧ma

Noun

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kama (possessable)

breast(milk-producing organ)
breast;chest(front of the human thorax)
Synonym:poti'a
(of animals)teat;udder

Related terms

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Descendants

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Nheengatu:kama

Ontong Java

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Noun

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kama

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

𑀓𑀫(Brahmi script)
कम(Devanagari script)
কম(Bengali script)
කම(Sinhalese script)
ကမ orၵမ(Burmese script)
กม orกะมะ(Thai script)
ᨠᨾ(Tai Tham script)
ກມ orກະມະ(Lao script)
កម(Khmer script)
𑄇𑄟(Chakma script)

Verb

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kama

second-person singular imperative active ofkamati(“to walk”)

Papiamentu

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Etymology

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FromPortuguesecama andSpanishcama andKabuverdianukama.

Noun

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kama

Rwanda-Rundi

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bantu*-káma.

Verb

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-káma (infinitivegukáma,perfective-kámye)

tomilk

Derived terms

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umukamyi

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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FromJapanese鎌(kama,“sickle,scythe”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kâma/
Hyphenation:ka‧ma

Noun

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kȁma f (Cyrillic spellingка̏ма)

kama

Declension

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Declension ofkama
	singular	plural
nominative	kȁma	kame
genitive	kame	kȃmā
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromOttoman Turkishقامه(kama).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kâma/
Hyphenation:ka‧ma

Noun

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kȁma f (Cyrillic spellingка̏ма)

a kind ofdagger

Declension

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Declension ofkama
	singular	plural
nominative	kama	kame
genitive	kame	kama
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

Etymology 3

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FromSanskritकाम(kā́ma).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kâːma/
Hyphenation:ka‧ma

Noun

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kȃma m (Cyrillic spellingка̑ма)

(Hinduism) one of the four main goals of the material existence

Declension

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Declension ofkama
	singular	plural
nominative	kama	kame
genitive	kame	kama
dative	kami	kamama
accusative	kamu	kame
vocative	kamo	kame
locative	kami	kamama
instrumental	kamom	kamama

References

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“kama”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025
“kama”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025
“kama”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Shona

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bantu*-káma.

Verb

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-kámá (infinitivekukámá)

tomilk

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Audio(Kenya): (file)

Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromArabicكَمَا(kamā).

Conjunction

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kama

as
Synonym:mithili
Kama ulivyosema. ―As you said.
if
Synonym:ikiwa

Preposition

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kama

like,as
- 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla,Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
  […] lakini alipofika katikati, alisimama ghafla,kama mtu mwenye wasiwasi na shaka juu ya hilo linalompeleka darini kwa baba yake wakati ule.
  […] but when he reached the middle, he stopped suddenly,like a person worried and doubtful about that which had him going to his father's attic at that time.

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Bantu*-káma.

Verb

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-kama (infinitivekukama)

tomilk

Conjugation

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Conjugation of-kama

Positive present	-nakama
Subjunctive	-kame
Negative	-kami
Imperative singular	kama

Infinitives

Positive	kukama
Negative	kutokama

Imperatives

Singular	kama
Plural	kameni

Tensed forms

Habitual	hukama
Positive past	positive subject concord + -likama
Negative past	negative subject concord + -kukama

Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakama)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		ninakama/nakama	tunakama
2nd person		unakama	mnakama
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	anakama	wanakama
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -nakama

Negative present (negative subject concord + -kami)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		sikami	hatukami
2nd person		hukami	hamkami
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	hakami	hawakami
3rd person	other classes	negative subject concord + -kami

Positive future	positive subject concord + -takama
Negative future	negative subject concord + -takama

Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kame)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nikame	tukame
2nd person		ukame	mkame
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	akame	wakame
3rd person	other classes	positive subject concord + -kame

Negative subjunctive	positive subject concord + -sikame
Positive present conditional	positive subject concord + -ngekama
Negative present conditional	positive subject concord + -singekama
Positive past conditional	positive subject concord + -ngalikama
Negative past conditional	positive subject concord + -singalikama

Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akama)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		nakama	twakama
2nd person		wakama	mwakama
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	akama	wakama
	m-mi_(III/IV)	wakama	yakama
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	lakama	yakama
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	chakama	vyakama
	n_(IX/X)	yakama	zakama
	u_(XI)	wakama	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
	ku_(XV/XVII)	kwakama
	pa_(XVI)	pakama
	mu_(XVIII)	mwakama

Perfect	positive subject concord + -mekama
"Already"	positive subject concord + -meshakama
"Not yet"	negative subject concord + -jakama
"If/When"	positive subject concord + -kikama
"If not"	positive subject concord + -sipokama
Consecutive	kakama /positive subject concord + -kakama
Consecutive subjunctive	positive subject concord + -kakame

Object concord (indicative positive)
		Singular	Plural
1st person		-nikama	-tukama
2nd person		-kukama	-wakama/-kukameni/-wakameni
3rd person	m-wa_(I/II)	-mkama	-wakama
	m-mi_(III/IV)	-ukama	-ikama
	ji-ma_(V/VI)	-likama	-yakama
	ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kikama	-vikama
	n_(IX/X)	-ikama	-zikama
	u_(XI)	-ukama	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
	ku_(XV/XVII)	-kukama
	pa_(XVI)	-pakama
	mu_(XVIII)	-mukama
Reflexive		-jikama

Relative forms

General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kama- +relative marker)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-kamaye	-kamao
m-mi_(III/IV)	-kamao	-kamayo
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-kamalo	-kamayo
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-kamacho	-kamavyo
n_(IX/X)	-kamayo	-kamazo
u_(XI)	-kamao	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kamako
pa_(XVI)	-kamapo
mu_(XVIII)	-kamamo

Other forms (subject concord +tense marker +relative marker + (object concord) + -kama)
	Singular	Plural
m-wa_(I/II)	-yekama	-okama
m-mi_(III/IV)	-okama	-yokama
ji-ma_(V/VI)	-lokama	-yokama
ki-vi_(VII/VIII)	-chokama	-vyokama
n_(IX/X)	-yokama	-zokama
u_(XI)	-okama	seen_(X) orma_(VI) class
ku_(XV/XVII)	-kokama
pa_(XVI)	-pokama
mu_(XVIII)	-mokama