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ka

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ka"
Languages (75)
Translingual • English
Acehnese • Afar • Ainu • Albanian • Amanab • Ambonese Malay • Bahnar • Bambara • Basque • Central Pomo • Chuukese • Cimbrian • Drung • Dutch • Estonian • Ewe • Finnish • French • Fula • Futuna-Aniwa • German • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Haitian Creole • Hanunoo • Hausa • Hawaiian • Hokkien • Iban • Ido • Indonesian • Japanese • Javanese • Kabuverdianu • Kapampangan • Latin • Latvian • Lutuv • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Mandarin • Mangas • Maori • Mapudungun • Mizo • Naxi • Northern Pomo • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nǀuu • Old Prussian • Pali • Picuris • Pipil • Pitjantjatjara • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Rawang • Scots • Serbo-Croatian • Skou • Somali • Spanish • Sumerian • Sundanese • Swahili • Tagalog • Tok Pisin • Tuvaluan • Ujir • Veps • Volapük • Ye'kwana • Yoruba
Page categories

Translingual

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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The etymology for the ISO 639-1 code forGeorgian is fromGeorgianქართული ენა(kartuli ena).

Symbol

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ka

  1. kiloyear (alsoky,kyr)
  2. thousands of years ago
  3. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forGeorgian.

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromEgyptian kꜣ.

Noun

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ka (pluralkas)

  1. A spiritual part of thesoul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
    • 1983,Norman Mailer,Ancient Evenings:
      Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, theKa was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
    • 1990,Camille Paglia,Sexual Personae:
      Hence Dorian's portrait is like theka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
    • 2011,Neil Gaiman,American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
      ‘You could bind theka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.

Etymology 2

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Origin uncertain.

Verb

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ka

  1. (transitive, obsolete) Toserve orhelp; used only in the phrase"Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.

References

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Etymology 3

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Noun

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ka (pluralkas)

  1. The name of theCyrillic script letterК /к.

See also

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Anagrams

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Acehnese

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Adverb

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ka

  1. already

Afar

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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  1. he,him

Usage notes

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  • The formkáa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

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Afar personal pronouns
1st person2nd person3rd person
mf
subjectsingularanúatúúsukís
pluralnanúisínúsun
objectsingulartét
pluralsínkén

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ka”, inAn Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN

Ainu

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Etymology

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Likely a loan word fromNivkh ӿа (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka

  1. sabletrap

References

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From olderkah, from*kah ~ ngah (compareTosk Albanian nga), fromProto-Albanian *en kaxa, fromProto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (wherein, wherefrom), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate withOld Church Slavonic къ (, to).

Preposition

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ka (+ nominative)[1]

  1. from,out, out of,to
    Jo,unënukjamkaShqipëria.
    No, I am not from Albania.
  2. who,whom

Etymology 2

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From earlier *kaha, fromProto-Albanian*koso, fromProto-Indo-European*kʷeh₁s-(scratch, cut). For sense development, compare Slavic *volь - ox, from *valiti - to throw down, castrate.[2]Alternatively, the plural formqe suggests an earlier *kʷē, fromProto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (ox, cow) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka m (pluralqe, definitekau, definite pluralqetë)

  1. ox
  2. steer
Declension
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Declension ofka
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativekakauqeqetë
accusativekaun
dativekaukautqeveqeve
ablativeqesh
Hyponyms
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Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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ka

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofkam

References

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  1. ^Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895,Sckoder
  2. ^Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ka”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page160
  3. ^Orel - Balcanica pg. 114

Amanab

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. I(first person singular nominative)

Ambonese Malay

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Etymology

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FromMalay ke.

Preposition

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ka

  1. to,towards

References

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  • D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998)Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia[2], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Bahnar

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bahnaric *kaː, fromProto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate withSedang ,Vietnamese ,Mon က (kaʔ).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka

  1. fish

Bambara

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Particle

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ka

  1. possessive marker
    an ka jamana
    our country

Particle

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ka

  1. particle linking subject and predicative adjective
    A ka ɲi
    It's good
    Kidali ka jan
    Kidal is far away

Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka inan

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterK/k.

Declension

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Declension ofka(inanimate, ending in-a)
indefinitesingularplural
absolutivekakakak
ergativekakkakkek
dativekarikarikei
genitivekarenkarenken
comitativekarekinkarekinkekin
causativekarengatikkarengatikkengatik
benefactivekarentzatkarentzatkentzat
instrumentalkazkazkez
inessivekatankanketan
locativekatakokakoketako
allativekatarakaraketara
terminativekatarainokarainoketaraino
directivekatarantzkarantzketarantz
destinativekatarakokarakoketarako
ablativekatatikkatikketatik
partitivekarik
prolativekatzat

See also

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Central Pomo

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Noun

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ka

  1. water

Chuukese

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Pronoun

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ka

  1. you(singular)

Adjective

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ka

  1. you are

Related terms

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present and past tensenegative tensefuturenegative futuredistant futurenegative determinate
singularfirst personuauseupweusapupwapute
second personka
ke
kose
kese
kopwe
kepwe
kosap
kesap
kopwap
kepwap
kote
kete
third personaeseepweesapepwapete
pluralfirst personexclusiveauaauseaupweausapaupwapaute
inclusivesiasisesipwesisapsipwapsite
second personouaouseoupweousapoupwapoute
third personra
re
reserepweresaprepwaprete


Cimbrian

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Etymology

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Shortened form ofkan.

Preposition

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ka

  1. Alternative form ofkan, used before words starting withs.

Further reading

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  • “ka” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Drung

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Etymology

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FromProto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.

Noun

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ka

  1. word

References

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  • Ross Perlin (2019)A Grammar of Trung[3], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Fromkade.

Noun

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ka f (pluralkadenorkadesorka's,diminutivekaatje n)

  1. Alternative form ofkade

Etymology 2

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Uncertain. Possibly fromCatharina Mulder or"Kaat Mossel".

Noun

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ka f (pluralka's,diminutivekaatje n)

  1. (Netherlands, derogatory)dominantwoman
Synonyms
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Etymology 3

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Related tokauw.

Noun

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ka f (pluralka'sorkauwen,diminutivekaatje norkauwtje n)

  1. Alternative form ofkauw

Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromEgyptian kꜣ.

Noun

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ka c (pluralka's)

  1. ka(ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)

Estonian

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Etymology

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Derived fromkaasas.

Adverb

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ka (not comparable)

  1. also,too
    Tema läkska metsa.
    Healso went to the forest.

Ewe

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka (pluralkawo)

  1. cord
  2. line
  3. rope
  4. string

Verb

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ka

  1. tobite
  2. tobreak
  3. tochip
  4. torummage

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Variant ofkaa, both shortenings ofkanssa.

Adverb

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ka(rare, dialectal)

  1. also,too
    Minä menin kauppaanka.
    I went to a shopas well.

Etymology 2

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A dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present ofkatsoa (to look).

Verb

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ka

  1. (dialectal, colloquial)look!
    Ka!
Synonyms
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French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka m (pluralkas)

  1. kay,The name of theLatin-script letterK/k.

Fula

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Preposition

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ka

  1. to,in,at

Suffix

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ka

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) including abstractions and borrowed words

Usage notes

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Article

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ka

  1. (definite)the (when it follows the noun)
    taasa kathe bowl

Usage notes

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Determiner

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ka

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ka taasathis/that bowl

Usage notes

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References

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Futuna-Aniwa

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Verb

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ka

  1. (Aniwa) tosqueal

German

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Phrase

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ka

  1. (Internetslang)Alternative spelling ofk. A.
    • 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, inde.rec.fahrrad[4] (Usenet):
      Na gut
      Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
      Ich habka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
      ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, inlinux.debian.user.german[5] (Usenet):
      Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolutka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, inlinux.debian.user.german[6] (Usenet):
      irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From African origin. Cognate withKabuverdianu ka.

Adverb

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ka

  1. not

Haitian Creole

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromFrench cas (case).

Noun

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ka

  1. case,instance

Etymology 2

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Contraction ofkapab, fromFrench capable

Verb

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ka

  1. (auxiliary)can,be able to

Hanunoo

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈka/[ˈka]
  • Rhymes:-a
  • Syllabification:ka

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ka(2sg. subject pronoun).

Pronoun

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ka (Hanunoo spelling)

  1. you(singular)
    Synonyms:kawo,(rare)kam
    Naanka pamag-uli?
    Where doyou live?
See also
[edit]
Hanunoo personal pronouns
PersonNumberDirectIndirectOblique
Firstsingularakonikokangko,kang
plural inclusivekitanitakanta
plural exclusivekaminimikanmi
Secondsingularkawo,kanimokanmo
pluralkamoniyokanyo
Thirdsingularsiyaniyakanya
pluralsidanidakanda

Etymology 2

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Particle

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ka (Hanunoo spelling)

  1. connective used between a cardinal numeral and that which is enumerated
    duwaka bilog sab-atwoof saba bananas

Etymology 3

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Particle

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ka (Hanunoo spelling)(literary)

  1. a connective
    Synonyms:pag,pagka
    Kangka idu, si Migra.My dog, Migra.

Further reading

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  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953)Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press,→OCLC,page131

Hausa

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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  1. (with orà)in oron

References

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  • Newman, Paul (2007)A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven, London: Yale University Press,→ISBN, page102.

Hawaiian

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Alternative forms

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  • ke(before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')

Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Article

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ka sg (plural)

  1. the

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions ofka – see (“home;family;household; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofka – see (“pigeon;dove (family; togather; toassemble; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofka – see (“scissors; tocut with scissors; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofka – see (“toput ontop of another object; toadd; toput in; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).

Iban

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /käʔ̚/

Verb

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ka

  1. (informal, modal auxiliary)Contraction ofdeka.
    Akuka makai asi.
    Iwant to eat rice.

Ido

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Etymology

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Seekad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic formsa,e, ando.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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ka

  1. Apocopic form ofkad(used before a consonant)
    Ka tu amoras me?Do you love me?

References

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  • Progreso II (in Ido),1909–1910, page15, 357, 579

Indonesian

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Etymology

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FromDutchkaa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ka (pluralka-ka)

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterK/k.

Synonyms

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  • ke(Standard Malay)

See also

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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ka

  1. Thehiragana syllable(ka) or thekatakana syllable(ka) inHepburn romanization.

Javanese

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Etymology

[edit]

Clipping ofika

Determiner

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ka

  1. (colloquial)yonder

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From African origin.

Adverb

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ka

  1. not

Kapampangan

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ka(2sg. subject pronoun). CompareIndonesian-kah,Malay-kah.

Particle

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ka

  1. marks a sentence as interrogative
    Kalaramanka?
    Is it a lie?
    Nanka?
    What's up?
    • 1617, Francisco Coronel,Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:
      Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasanca?
      Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?
  2. whether (or not)
    Xka Yka?
    Are you an Xor Y?
    Muntaka alika?
    Are you goingor not?
  3. used witho to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty
    Inika o itaka, sanu kareni.
    Thisor that?, which one of these?
    Magpastaka o magpitsaka?
    Are you gonna eat pastaor pizza?

Pronoun

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ka

  1. you(second person singular)
    Kaluguran daka
    I love you
    Mamunka kang inda
    Say goodbye to your mother

Usage notes

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  • The wordka usually replacesika when in the middle of a sentence.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural formkayu,ikayu.

See also

[edit]
Kapampangan personal pronouns
absoluteergativeoblique
disjunctiveenclitic
first
person
singularaku/i aku/yakukukanaku
plural inclusiveikatamukatamu/tamutamu/takekatamu
plural exclusiveikami,ikekami/kemikekami/keke
second
person
singularikakamukeka
pluralikayu/ikokayu/koyukekayu/keko
third
person
singulariya/yayanakeya/kaya
pluralilalada/rakarela

Latin

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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 f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letterK.

Coordinate terms

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References

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  • Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
    Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.

Latvian

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Etymology

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Originally an old neuter nominative singular form ofkas (who, what) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates includeOld Prussian ka (who, what).[1]

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ka

  1. that;used tolink asubordinateclause to themainclause,sometimes with apronominalantecedent (tas,tāds,tik,tādēļ,tāpēc), withvariousdifferentfunctions:
    (a)subject:
    labi,ka darbs padarīts(it is) goodthat the work is done
    viņam nepatika,ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divihe didn't likethat now only he and Pliens had remained
    aplam darīts arī tas,ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavuwrongly done was also that (= the fact)that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
    tveice bija tāda,ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kaltethe heat was suchthat one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
    (b)attributivecomplement, (secondary)predicate
    pienāca ziņa,ka tēvs saslimisthere is newsthat father is sick
    viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi,ka demonstrācija beigusiesthey lowered the flags as a signthat the protest was over
    vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, /ka atkal apkārt tikai mežseven more the heart is oppressed by the pain /that again (there is) only forest around
    ir tāds karstums,ka pat putniņi paslēpušies(there) is such a heatthat even the little birds are hiding
    (c)direct object
    viņš teica,ka varam iethe saidthat we could go
    Ģirts redzēja,ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz,ka labāk runāt par ko cituĢirts sawthat Artūrs would never realizethat it would be better to talk about something else
    Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to,ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecinātKrančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact)that he could not cheer up the girl
    kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to,ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam!what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact)that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
    (d)adverbialcomplement (manner)
    viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās,ka visa pamale skanējaon the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way)that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
    Saulītis krāca tā,ka ārā varēja dzirdētSaulītis snored so (= in such a way)that one could hear it outside
    (e)adverbialcomplement (cause)
    (oftentāpēcka,tādēļka,lessfrequentlytamdēļka,tālabka, “for the reason that”)
    viņai kļūst kauns par sevi,ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumushe felt ashamed of herself,that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
    publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem,ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugasthe publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
    “bet varbūt tāpēc līst,ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās“but maybe it is raining for that reason,that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
    krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ,ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valodawe must know Russian for that reason,that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
    Ješka nepaguva atbildēt,tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzertJeška couldn't answer,because he first wanted to drink
    tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi,tādēļ ka kurls esi palicisyou, uncle, haven't heard much,because you have become deaf
    (f)adverbialcomplement (consequence)
    (often “so that”)
    otrā rītā sāp mugura,ka tīri vai jāraudthe next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much)that (he) simply had to cry
    visi bija tik satraukti,ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai neeverybody was so excitedthat (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
    Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas,ka viņš atmeta šādu domu(but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm)that he abandoned such thought(s)
    dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā,ka zeme sāka skanētthe dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way)that the earth began to resound
    vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk,tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumtsthe wind howled more and more strongly,so that the house roof began to shake
    vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs,tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minkathe old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive,so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
    (g)adverbialcomplement (purpose)
    pēc malkas ej,ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū!go find wood, (so)that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
    skrien kā traks,ka tikai izraut lielāku normuI run (= work) like crazy, (so)that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
    (h)adverbialcomplement (measure,proportion)
    tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču,ka mudžimmediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much)that (they) were swarming
    viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēkushe hurried so muchthat (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
    vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, /ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt?have you overcome so much pain in yourself /that you will be able to give only joy to others?
    (i)adverbialcomplement (condition)
    kas tas par draugu,ka nevar palīdzēt?what kind of friend is he,that (= if) he can't help?
    kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi,ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs?where are you, blue lilac,that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. used toadd anuance ofprobability ordoubt to a,usuallynegative,utterance, tomake itoptative,expressive of adesire (cf.kaut);may...
    jāsagrābj siens,ka neuznāk lietus(we) have to rake the hay together,may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
    vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos;ka neuznāk krusafirst of all make sure that the rye is in heaps;may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
    ka tik viņš neaizietu!may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
    ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies”may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
    “ak,ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
    “oh,may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
    pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem...ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigtia good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up...may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
  2. used toreinforce theintensity of anaction oractivity,usually with arepeatedverb; ...and ...
    māte tik naigi durka dur - šuj savu šujamomother so quickly piercedand pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ka”, inLatviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS,→ISBN

Lutuv

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA(key): [kə̀ə̀]

Verb

[edit]

ka

  1. toshoot

References

[edit]
  • Kelly Harper Berkson, Amanda Bohnert, Sui Hnem Par (2022) “Consonant Sounds in Hnaring Lutuv”, inIndiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures[7], volume 3, number 1

Lower Sorbian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ka inan

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterk/K.

See also

[edit]

Malay

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ka

  1. Abbreviation ofkaki(foot (unit of measurement)).

Further reading

[edit]

Mandarin

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

ka

  1. Nonstandard spelling of.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of.

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mangas

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ka

  1. second person singular personal pronoun,you

References

[edit]
  • Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Maori

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
  2. when;used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
  3. Marks a verb as being infuture tense
  4. Used when counting numbers
    Ka tahi,ka rua,ka toru...
    One, two, three...
  5. Used incommands withtaua andtātou
    ātouka haere
    let's go
  6. now (for the first time);when used afterkātahianō

References

[edit]
  • "ka" - Maori Dictionary

Mapudungun

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ka(Raguileo spelling)

  1. too;also

Synonyms

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ka(Raguileo spelling)

  1. and

Determiner

[edit]

ka(Raguileo spelling)

  1. another; not thesame

Mizo

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , fromProto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (I; me).

Pronoun

[edit]

ka

  1. I;me

References

[edit]

Naxi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ).

Adjective

[edit]

ka

  1. bitter

References

[edit]
  • Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

Northern Pomo

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Pomo*ʔahqʰá(water).

Noun

[edit]

ka

  1. water

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ka

  1. form removed with thespelling reform of 1959;superseded byhva

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ka

  1. (dialectal, Trøndelag dialect, Northern Norway, Vestlandet, non-standard since1959)alternative form ofkva(what)
    Ka e da du gjere på?
    What are you doing?

Nǀuu

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ka

  1. tosay
    Gǀa kaǀî dyeeka?
    What is your name? (lit. How do yousay your name?)

References

[edit]
  1. Shah, Sheena & Brenzinger, Matthias. (2017). Writing for Speaking: The Nǀuu Orthography. 10.1017/9781316562949.006.
  2. Sands, Bonny & Jones, Kerry & Esau, Katrina & Collins, Chris & Witzlack-Makarevich, Alena & Job, Sylvanus & Miller, Amanda & Steyn, Betta & Zaanen, Menno & Namaseb, Levi & Berg, Dietloff & Mantzel, Dotty & Damarah, Willem & Snyman, Claudia & Wyk, David & Brugman, Johanna & Exter, Mats & Vaalbooi, Antjie & Westhuizen, Mietjie. (2022). Nǀuuki Namagowab Afrikaans English ǂXoakiǂxanisi/Mîdi di ǂKhanis/Woordeboek/Dictionary
  3. Exter, Mats. “Properties of the Anterior and Posterior Click Closures in N|uu.” (2008).

Old Prussian

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Derived fromProto-Balto-Slavic*kas.

Pronoun

[edit]

ka

  1. (interrogative)what
  2. (relative)what

References

[edit]
  • Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “ka”, inPrūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎[8] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
  • W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, inBaltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

Pali

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

[edit]

From the masculine and neuter respectively ofSanskrit (), fromProto-Indo-Iranian *kás, fromProto-Indo-European *kʷós.

Pronoun

[edit]

ka m

  1. (interrogative)who
  2. (interrogative)what
  3. (interrogative)which
    • 2006,The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)[9], page82:
      කන‍්නු ඛ‍්වජ‍්ජ සමණං වා බ්‍රාහ‍්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්‍යාම යන‍්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත‍්තං පසීදෙය්‍යා!"ති
      kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti
      Indeed nowwhich ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?
Usage notes
[edit]

The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
[edit]
Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)koke
Accusative (second)kaṃke
Instrumental (third)kenakehiorkebhi
Dative (fourth)kassaorkissakesaṃorkesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmāorkismākehiorkebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassaorkissakesaṃorkesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃorkamhiorkismiṃorkimhikesu
Derived terms
[edit]
  • (“who (f)”)

Pronoun

[edit]

ka n

  1. (interrogative)what
  2. (interrogative)which
Usage notes
[edit]

The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
[edit]
Declension table of "ka" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kiṃkāni
Accusative (second)kiṃkāni
Instrumental (third)kenakehiorkebhi
Dative (fourth)kassaorkissakesaṃorkesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmāorkismākehiorkebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassaorkissakesaṃorkesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃorkamhiorkismiṃorkimhikesu
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Probably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.

Noun

[edit]

ka m

  1. the Pali letter 'k'
    • c.500 AD, Kaccāyana,Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[10] (overall work in Pali), page 4; republished asSatish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor,Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society,1901:
      , ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
      Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
      'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
    • c.500 AD, Kaccāyana,Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[11] (overall work in Pali), page12; republished asSatish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor,Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society,1901:
      को यस्स यथा-सको।
      Ko yassa yathā-sako.
      'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
Declension
[edit]
Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingular
Nominative (first)ko
Accusative (second)kaṃ
Instrumental (third)kena
Dative (fourth)kassaorkāyaorkatthaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmāorkamhāor
Genitive (sixth)kassa
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃorkamhiorke
Vocative (calling)ka
Synonyms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “ka˚”, inPali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead,page173

Picuris

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ka

  1. towash

Further reading

[edit]
  • Dominic Yu,Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)

Pipil

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

ka

  1. to,at

Further reading

[edit]
  • Campbell, L. (1985).The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter. p. 59

Pitjantjatjara

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ka

  1. and (switching)
    Watingku maḻu nyanguka wirtjapakaṉu.
    The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunctionmunu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. Theku simply tells us that someone or something other thanwati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
  • Althoughka is spelt with a shorta, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.

Portuguese

[edit]

Interjection

[edit]

ka!

  1. Alternative form ofkakaka

Rapa Nui

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian *ka-,*ka. Cognates includeHawaiian ʻa- andMaori ka.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈka/
  • Hyphenation:ka

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. Used to indicate thefuture tense.
  2. Used to indicate theimperative mood.
  3. Used to indicate thejussive mood.
  4. Used to indicate the temporalcontiguity of an action.
  5. Used to indicate theconditional mood of a relative clause.
  6. Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
    Ka tahi,ka rua,ka toru.One, two, three.

Interjection

[edit]

¡ka!

  1. Intensifies the following verb;how!whata!
    ¡Ka ma'itaki 'ō!How very beautiful!

Usage notes

[edit]
  • Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, whileko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.

References

[edit]
  • Paulus Kieviet (2017)A grammar of Rapa Nui[12], Berlin: Language Science Press,→ISBN, pages153, 330, 477, 491

Rawang

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

CompareBurmese ကြက် (krak).

Noun

[edit]

ka

  1. chicken.

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (bitter). Cognate withBurmese ခါး (hka:),Old Chinese (OC*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).

Adjective

[edit]

ka

  1. bitter.

Scots

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Ofimitative origin, similar toOld High German (crow, jackdaw),Middle Low German (crow, jackdaw),English caw.

Noun

[edit]

ka (pluralkas)

  1. jackdaw

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

ka (Cyrillic spellingка)

  1. Alternative form ofk

Synonyms

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ka (Cyrillic spellingка)

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro)as,like

Synonyms

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ka

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro)as,like

Synonyms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ka (Cyrillic spellingка)

  1. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative)which(feminine)
  2. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative)which,that,who(feminine)
  3. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite)some(feminine)

Synonyms

[edit]

Skou

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. not - negative particle
    Ke bà fue a bápánenì neka.
    That person isnot my friend.

References

[edit]
  • Donohue, Mark.A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

Somali

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

ka

  1. from
  2. away from
  3. out of
  4. about,concerning
Usage notes
[edit]
  • In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
    Kaimow.To comefrom.
    Kakeen.To bringfrom.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Article

[edit]

ka

  1. Alternative spelling of-ka
    Garaashka fur.Openthe garage.

References

[edit]
  • Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “ka”, inQaamuuska Af-Soomaliga[13], Rome:RomaTrE-Press,→ISBN

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ka f (pluralkas)

  1. Name of the letterk

Further reading

[edit]

Sumerian

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

ka

  1. Romanization of𒅗(ka)

Sundanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Sundaneseka, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ka.

Preposition

[edit]

ka (Sundanese script)

  1. to,towards
    Synonym:kana
    ka kalérto the north
    ka Bandungto Bandung
    ka pasarto the market

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromHokkien /(ka,glue).

Noun

[edit]

ka (Sundanese script)

  1. buffalohideglue
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Clipping ofaka.

Noun

[edit]

ka (Sundanese script)

  1. term of address for anolder brother
    Synonyms:a,kang

Further reading

[edit]

Swahili

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From the -ka-consecutive tense marker.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ka

  1. andthen (used between a series of actions that happened soon closely together)

Tagalog

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Influenced by Baybayin character(ka).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ka (Baybayin spelling)

  1. the name of theLatin-script letterK/k, in theAbakada alphabet
    Synonym:(in the Filipino alphabet)key
  2. (historical)the name of theLatin-script letterK/k, in theAbecedario
    Synonym:(in the Filipino alphabet)key
See also
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ka(2sg. subject pronoun).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ka (Baybayin spelling)(postpositive)

  1. you(second person singular)
Usage notes
[edit]
  • The wordka usually replacesikaw when in the middle of a clause.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural formkayo.
Alternative forms
[edit]
Derived terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]
Tagalog personal pronouns
PersonNumberDirect (ang)Indirect (ng)Oblique (sa)
Firstsingularakokoakin
dual1kita,katanita,nata,takanita,kanata,ata
plural inclusivetayonatinatin
plural exclusivekaminaminamin
First & Secondsingularkita2
Secondsingularikaw,kamoiyo
pluralkayo,kamoninyo,niyoinyo
Thirdsingularsiyaniyakaniya
pluralsilanilakanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
2 Replaceskoikaw.

Etymology 3

[edit]

Fromclipping ofwika.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

(Baybayin spelling)

  1. Alternative spelling of'ka
Derived terms
[edit]

Tok Pisin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromEnglish car.

Noun

[edit]

ka

  1. car

Tuvaluan

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Ujir

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

ka

  1. four

References

[edit]
  • Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer,Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages

Veps

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

[edit]

ka

  1. yes
  2. certainly,absolutely
  3. naturally,of course
  4. let's [withfirst-personpluralimperative]

Conjunction

[edit]

ka

  1. but
  2. then(in "if...then" constructions)

References

[edit]

Volapük

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ka

  1. than(used for comparisons)

Ye'kwana

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • cha(allomorph afteri)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

ka

  1. Forms a polar (yes/no) question.

Usage notes

[edit]

In most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.

References

[edit]
  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ka”, inGrammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[15], Lyon, pages158–159

Yoruba

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Cognate withIgala káà

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. (intransitive, transitive) tocount
  2. (intransitive, transitive) toread
Usage notes
[edit]
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Likely cognate withIgala (to tell) andIgbo (to speak), perhaps related toNupe gàn

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. (transitive) toconfess(literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes
[edit]
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
[edit]
  • ìkà (“the act of confession”)
Related terms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. tobuy things in thehundreds
Usage notes
[edit]
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

Cognate withIgala

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. (transitive) topluckfruit (from a tree)
  2. tobreak something; toknockoff something
  3. (idiomatic) tobecomesnapped underpressure
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 5

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. (transitive) tocurl orfoldsomething
    Fọlá, wá bá mi aṣọ!Fọla, come and help mefold the clothes
  2. (intransitive) tobecomecurled orfolded
  3. toconstrain someone (often viasupernaturalmeans)
  4. (idiomatic) togetsomethingunder control
    apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká iléThe arm of the palm cannotcontrol the house(Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 6

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

  1. tobeeverywhere
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Used especially in the V2 position
Derived terms
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