- IPA(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian)/ɟoka/[ɟo.ka]
- IPA(key): (Southern)/xoka/[xo.ka]
- IPA(key): (Gipuzkoan)/xoka/[xo.ka]
- IPA(key): (Biscayan)/d͡ʒoka/[d͡ʒo.ka]
- IPA(key): (Navarrese)/joka/[jo.ka]
- Rhymes:-oka,-a
- Hyphenation:jo‧ka
Fromjo(“to hit”) +-ka.
joka (not comparable)
- hitting,punching
joka
- Short form ofjokatu(“to play”).
- “joka”, inEuskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque),Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- “joka”, inOrotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary],Euskaltzaindia,1987–2005
FromProto-Finnic*joka, fromProto-Finno-Permic*jo. The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with-ka (as withkuka andmikä). Related toKarelianjoka,Voticjõka,Northern Samijuohkẹ,juogọ,Erzyaю-(ju-) inюза-тоза(juza-toza,“back and forth”),Eastern Mariюжо(južo,“some”) andWestern Mariюж(juž,“some”).
joka
- (relative)who,which,that(referring to the previous word or phrase; see usage notes)
- (relative):
- joka refers only to the previous word or phrase, as opposed to a whole clause, in which casemikä is used.[1]
Ostinuuden puhelimen,joka on toiminut hyvin.("that" refers to the phone)- I bought anew phonethat has been working well.
Ostin uuden puhelimen,mikä oli ihan hyvä kokemus.("which" refers to the act of buying a phone)- I bought a new phone,which was quite a good experience.
Tässä onmies,joka sen teki.- This isthe manwho did it.
En tiedä,mitä hän haluaa.(no referent in the preceding clause)- I don't knowwhat he wants.
- In colloquial usage, this distinction is usually not as clear-cut. Using the wrong relative pronoun is however seen as incorrect, e.g. in schools.
- If the previous word is a pronoun not referring to a person, there exists variation betweenjoka andmikä. In general, the former is used with more concrete or specifically defined concepts, while the latter is used with more abstract, less defined concepts. With locations, bothjoka andmikä can be used. With persons,joka is always used.
- se,jonka ostin ―the onethat I bought
- se,mikä on tehtävä ―thatwhich must be done
- se,joka ei sääntöjä noudata ―thatwho does not obey the rules
- paikka,jossa kävimme /paikka,missä kävimme ―theplace (that) we visited
- In many Eastern Finnish dialects, the indeclinable stem-ka is extended to all forms. These can occur in standard Finnish on occasion, but are considered colloquial or dialectal.
- joidenka,jotenka,joihinka,jonneka
Irregular. Some cases are practically never used. The conjunctionjos is etymologically thes-lative singular of this pronoun.
joka(not inflected)
- every,each
Hän käy lenkilläjoka päivä.- She goes joggingevery day.
- joka kerta ―every time
- jokapuolella/puolelta/puolelle,jokapaikassa/paikasta/paikkaan ―everywhere
- jokatapauksessa ―in any case,at any rate
- jokatoinenvuosi ―everytwoyears,biannually
joka
- toflow
chibimajokangenga- The river isflowing away
joka
- break
FromProto-Finnic*joka. Cognates includeFinnishjoka andKarelianjoka.
joka(invariable)
- every,each
- joka päivä ―every day
1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus,Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page49:Joka paikaas flakut, väki.- Everywhere there's flags, there's people
- (literally, “Inevery place flags, people.”)
1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov,Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:Nojoka predmetan kupahain päivän pittuueel muuttuu.- But the shadow ofevery object changes in length during the day.
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page105
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014)Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[3],→ISBN, page79
Regional variants ofjokaNorth Karelian
(Viena) | joka |
|---|
South Karelian
(Tver) | joga |
|---|
FromProto-Finnic*joka. Cognates includeFinnishjoka andVepsjoga.
- IPA(key): /ˈjokɑ/
- Hyphenation:jo‧ka
joka(invariable)
- each,every
- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “joka”, inКарельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk,→ISBN
- Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “joka”, in Marja Torikka, editor,Karjalan kielen sanakirja[4], Helsinki: Kotus,→ISSN
joka m
- genitivesingular ofjoks
Fromji-(augmentative prefix) +nyoka(“snake”).
joka classV (pluralmajoka classVI)
- Augmentative ofnyoka:serpent(big snake)
