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jail

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishgayole,gaylle,gaille,gayle,gaile, fromOld Frenchgaiole,gayolle,gaole, fromMedieval Latingabiola, fromLate Latincaveola(“small cage, cell”), a diminutive ofLatincavea(“cavity, coop, cage”).Doublet ofcaveola and related tocage. More atcajole.

Displaced nativeMiddle Englishquartern(“prison, jail, cell”) fromOld Englishcweartern(“jail, prison”) andMiddle Englishlok(“jail, prison”) fromOld Englishloc(“enclosure, pen; jail, prison”); partially displacedMiddle Englishcarcern(“jail, prison”) fromOld Englishcarcern(“prison, correctional facility”).

Compare alsoOld Englishheaþor(“jail, confinement”),Old Englishheolstorloca(“prison, jail cell”),Old Englishclūstorloc(“jail, prison”),Old Englishdung(“jail, prison, dungeon”),Old Englishhlinræced(“jail”),Old Englishnirwþ(“jail”),Old Englishnīedcleofa(“jail”),Old Englishhearmloca(“jail”),Old Englishnearu(“jail, confinement”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jail (countable anduncountable,pluraljails)

  1. A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawfulcustody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minoroffenses or with reference to some futurejudicial proceeding.
    Synonyms:slammer,hoosegow
    Hypernyms:correctional facility,correctional institution
    Coordinate terms:big house,prison
    • 1966,Robert Coover, “Part II, section 11”, inThe Origin of the Brunists, 1st edition, page218:
      Taking a shower at the high school, Tommy (the Kitten) Cavanaugh kids Ugly Palmers. "Ugly, if you think the world is coming to an end," he says, "what are you wasting your time here at thisjail for? You gonna need American history up there?"
    • 2015 June 7, “Bail”, inLast Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 2, episode16,John Oliver (actor), via HBO:
      “I’m out!” That, of course, is an excerpt from Robert Durst’s children’s books [sic],GoodbyeJail. “Goodbye money. Goodbye bail. I killed them all, but goodbyejail. Of course! Of course!”
  2. (uncountable) Confinement in a jail.
    • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, inGuardian‎[1]:
      He said Robins had not been in trouble with the law before and had no previous convictions.Jail would have an adverse effect on her and her three children as she was the main carer.
  3. (horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in aclaiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).
  4. Indodgeball and related games, the area whereplayers who have been struck by the ball are confined.
  5. (computing, FreeBSD, usually uncountable) A kind ofsandbox for running aguestoperating systeminstance.

Usage notes

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This section or entry lacks references or sources. Please help verify this information by adding appropriatecitations. You can also discuss it at theTea Room.
Particularly: “evidence that the board game Monopoly played a role in the trend towards “jail” spelling”
  • (place of confinement): Like many nouns denoting places where people spend time,jail requires no article after certain prepositions: hencein jail(“detained in a jail”),go to jail(“become detained in a jail”), and so on. The formsin a jail,go to a jail, and so on do exist, but tend to imply mere presence in the jail, rather than detention there. Compare alsointhehoosegow/slammer.
  • Until the boardgameMonopoly popularised the spellingjail in the UK and Australia,gaol was the standard spelling in these countries.
  • In the United States, reference works sometimes draw a distinction between jails and prisons, saying that jails are for housing people before trial and prisons are for serving sentences, or that jails are run locally and prisons are run by states or the federal government. In popular speech this distinction is often not followed; and sentences are in fact served in some county jails (so the distinction is not rigorously upheld). In other parts of the English-speaking world, the two terms are often synonymous. The distinction betweenjail andlockup is not rigorous in American English; differentiation (if any) depends on locale, although the distinction between a police station and a county jail usually figures into it. Apenitentiary is solely a place for serving sentences (a prison, not a jail).

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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place for short-term confinement
confinement
horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time
dodgeball: area for confinement

Verb

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jail (third-person singular simple presentjails,present participlejailing,simple past and past participlejailed)

  1. Toimprison.
    • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8848:
      It hasjailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.
    • 2020 September 9, “Network News: Man jailed for Hillingdon murder”, inRail, page25:
      A 22-year-old man has beenjailed for life with a minimum term of 25 years for fatally stabbing 22-year-old Tashan Daniel in an unprovoked attack at Hillingdon Underground station on September 24 2019.

Synonyms

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Translations

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imprison—seeimprison

References

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  • “jail”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

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