Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

j'

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "j"

Franco-Provençal

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

apocopic form ofje

French

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ʒ‿/
IPA^(key): (before unvoiced consonant)/ʃ‿/
Audio(France (Toulouse)): (file)
Audio(France (Lyon)): (file)

Pronoun

[edit]

j’

clitic form ofje
J’ai sommeil. ―I’m sleepy.
J’habite à Paris. ―I live in Paris.
J’veux pas savoir. ―I don't wanna know.(informal, short for "Je ne veux pas savoir.")
J’comprends. ―I understand.(informal, see usage notes for pronunciation)

Usage notes

[edit]

Je in formal French only becomesj’ before a vowel or an unaspirated h, where this is mandatory in spelling.
In informal French,j’ may optionally be used before consonants, and devoices before unvoiced consonants, thus producing aʃ sound, as insheep.
- Before voiced consonants:
  J'vais bien. ―Doing fine.
  J'descend tout de suite! ―Coming down!
- whereas before unvoiced consonants:
  Chais pas. (j'sais pas) ―Dunno.
  Ch'peux pas. (j'peux pas) ―I can't.
Note that thech’ spelling (and thej’ spelling before a vowel) is purely oral, it is not used in any type of written content except if one wishes to emphasize the language register spoken or the form is in itself a fixed expression.

Related terms

[edit]

**French personal pronouns**
number	person	gender	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct complement)	dative (indirect complement)	locative (at)	genitive (of)	disjunctive (tonic)¹	emphatic reflexive	relative	proximal	distal
singular	first	—	je,j’	me,m’		—	—	moi	moi-même	—
	second	—	tu	te,t’		—	—	toi	toi-même	—
	third	masculine	il²	le,l’	lui	y	en	lui	lui-même	celui	celui-ci	celui-là
		feminine	elle	la,l’	lui	y	en	elle	elle-même	celle	celle-ci	celle-là
		indeterminate	on³,l’on (formal),ce⁴,c’,ça	—	—	—	—	—	—	ce	ceci	cela,ça
		reflexive	—	se,s’⁵		—	—	soi	soi-même	—
plural	first	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous	nous-mêmes	—
	second⁶	—	vous	vous		—	—	vous	vous-mêmes, vous-même⁶	—
	third	masculine	ils⁷	les	leur	y	en	eux⁷	eux-mêmes⁷	ceux	ceux-ci	ceux-là
	third	feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles	elles-mêmes	celles	celles-ci	celles-là

¹ The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’,à,pour,chez,dans,vers,sur,sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
²Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
³On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
⁴ The nominal indeterminate formce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verbêtre as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
⁵ The reflexive third person singular forms (se ors’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
⁶Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonicvous-mêmes becomes singularvous-même.
⁷Ils,eux andeux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.