FromProto-Italic*jougos(“yokedteam ofanimals”), fromProto-Indo-European*yéwgos. The plural preserves the original consonant-stem forms (from an unattested singular*iūgus), while the singular was back-formed from the nominative-accusative plural as a 2nd declension noun.
iūgerum n (genitiveiūgerī);irregular, variously declined,second declension,third declension
- (historical units of measure) Ajuger, aRomanunit ofarea,equivalent to 2acti or 28,800squarefeet (approximately ⅔acre or ¼ hectare).
1st century BCE,
Marcus Terentius Varro,
Rerum rusticarum libri III(Agricultural Topics in Three Books).
Liber I, X:
- Ille, Modos, quibus metirentur rura, alius alios constituit. Nam in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur iugis, in Campania versibus,apud nos in agro Romano ac Latinoiugeris. Iugum vocant, quod iuncti boves uno die exarare possint.
- Each country has its own method of measuring land. Thus in farther Spain the unit of measure is the iugum, in Campania the versus,with us here in the district of Rome and in Latiumthe iugerum. The iugum is the amount of land which a yoke of oxen can plough in a day; the versus is an area 100 feet square;the iugerum an area containing two square actus.
Second–third-declension hybrid noun (neuter).
1Once only, in:
M. Terentius Varro,Res Rusticae, bk I, ch. x
- “iugerum”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “iugerum”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- jugerum inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “iugerum”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
