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is

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "is"
Languages (42)
Translingual • English
Afar • Afrikaans • Bagusa • Bavarian • Catalan • Cimbrian • Danish • Dutch • German • Gothic • Hungarian • Iberian • Irish • Karakalpak • Kwerba • Lacandon • Latin • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Navajo • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nyishi • Old English • Old High German • Old Irish • Old Saxon • Old Welsh • Onondaga • Portuguese • Sardinian • Scots • Scottish Gaelic • Swedish • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • Yola
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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is

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forIcelandic.

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishis, fromOld Englishis, fromProto-West Germanic*ist, fromProto-Germanic*isti (a form ofProto-Germanic*wesaną(to be)), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti(is).

Cognate withWest Frisianis(is),Dutchis(is),Germanist(is),Yiddishאיז(iz,is),Afrikaansis(am, are, is)Old Swedishär,er,Old Norseer,es.

Further cognates include, among others,Latinest,Ancient Greekἐστί(estí),Sanskritअस्ति(asti),Persianاست(ast),Russianесть(jestʹ), all with the same meaning.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularsimplepresentindicative ofbe
    Heis a doctor.
    • 1999 January 8,Ken Starr, quotingBill Clinton,Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28, United States Code, Section 595(c) (Starr Report)‎[1],Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, retrieved14 February 2020, page176:
      "It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is'is."
    • 2012, Robert Moore,Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara,→ISBN, page137:
      "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her.[] "Tomorrowis two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
  2. (now colloquial)Used in phrases with existentialthere (alsohere andwhere) when the semantic subject is plural.
    Thereis three of them there.
  3. (dialectal)presentindicative ofbe;am,are,is.
    • 2001, “Witness (1 Hope)”, inRun Come save me, performed byRoots Manuva:
      Let the whole world know we's on some off-key tip
    • 2012, Trae Macklin,Flippin' The Hustle:
      "Them niggas shot my girl, yo! And I ain't gonna sleep until all of them niggasis dead!" RJ hissed.
    • 2013, Tu-Shonda Whitaker,The Ex Factor, page270:
      "Y'allis some disorganized niggahs," Mama Byrd said.
    • 2016, “Don't Hurt Yourself”, inLemonade, performed byBeyoncé:
      Who the fuck do you think Iis? / You ain't married to no average bitch, boy
    • 2022, “Plan B”, performed byMegan Thee Stallion:
      Nigga, yeah, you's a bitch
    • 2023, “Barbie World”, inBarbie: The Album, performed byNicki Minaj andIce Spice:
      Like Jazzie, Stacie, Nicki / All of the Barbiesis pretty / All of the Barbiesis bad
Quotations
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Alternative forms
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Synonyms
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Derived terms
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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See also

Etymology 2

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Alternative pronunciation ofus.

Pronoun

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is

  1. (Geordie)Alternative spelling ofus(me).

Etymology 3

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Fromi +‎-s.

Noun

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is

  1. (rare)Alternative form ofi's.

Anagrams

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Afar

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Etymology 1

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Related toSidamoise.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ís

  1. she
See also
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Afar personal pronouns
1st person2nd person3rd person
mf
subjectsingularanúatúúsukís
pluralnanúisínúsun
objectsingulartét
pluralsínkén

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ís

  1. thyself,yourself
  2. himself,herself
  3. (Awash)myself
See also
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Afar reflexive pronouns
1st person2nd person3rd person
simplesingularínniís
pluralnínniisínni,sínni
emphaticsingularínnihísih
pluralnínnihisínnih,sínnih

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “is”, inAn Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. am,are,is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular ofwees, to be)
  2. Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle

Bagusa

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Noun

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is

  1. woman

References

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Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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  • isch(South Bavarian, Tyrolean, South Tyrolean)

Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanist, fromOld High Germanist, fromProto-West Germanic*ist, fromProto-Germanic*isti.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofsei

Catalan

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Noun

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is

  1. plural ofi

Cimbrian

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Pronoun

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is

  1. (Sette Comuni)Alternative form ofes(it)

References

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  • “is” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseíss, fromProto-Germanic*īsą, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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is c (singular definiteisen,plural indefiniteis)

  1. (uncountable)ice (water in frozen form)
  2. (uncountable)ice,ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containingcream)
  3. (countable)ice,ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)

Inflection

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Declension ofis
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeisisenisisene
genitiveis'isensis'isenes

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofzijn;is, equals
    Twaalf min drieis negentwelve minus three equals nine

Adverb

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is

  1. (informal, dialect)Clipping ofeens.

Anagrams

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German

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Verb

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is

  1. Alternative form ofis'

Gothic

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Romanization

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is

  1. Romanization of𐌹𐍃

Hungarian

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Etymology

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Doublet ofés(and).

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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is (notcomparable)(clitic)

  1. also,too,as well
    Synonyms:szintén,ugyancsak,úgyszintén,éppúgy,(formal; the others are relatively literary in style)szintúgy
    Énis szeretem a csokit.I,too, like chocolate (aside from other people).
    (Én) a csokitis szeretem.Ialso like chocolate (aside from other things).
  2. even,up to,as much as,as long as
    Három óráigis tarthat a műtétThe operation mayeven take three hours.
  3. (after an interrogative word)again(used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)
    Hogyis hívják?What's that called,again?
  4. sure enough,indeed
    Synonyms:tényleg,valóban,csakugyan
    Aznapra esőt mondtak, és elis kezdett esni.Rain had been predicted for that day and,sure enough, it was beginning to rain. (literally, “They had said rain for…”)

Usage notes

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When it is used with aconcessive adverb (“no matter what/​who​/​when/how”, “however [good, bad]”, “long as it was”, “even if…” etc.), it is traditionally placed after the verb, though it is common in colloquial style to use it after the adverb instead:

(traditionally, chiefly in literary style) Bármilyen hosszúra nyúltis az előadás,…
(more recently) Bármilyen hosszúrais nyúlt az előadás,…
No matter how long the lecture​/​performance stretched,…

It applies toverb-final set phrases as well, similarly toérzi magát in this clause:még ha ettől rosszul érezzükis magunkat / …rosszulis érezzük magunkat(even if it makes us feel bad).

Derived terms

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Compound words
Expressions

See also

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Further reading

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  • is inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN

Iberian

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A user has added this entry torequests for verification(+)
If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove{{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

Etymology

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ComapreBasqueez, possibly connected toProto-Basque*eze.

Adverb

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is

  1. not
    bekoŕ tois abel iŕ
    It willnot be a modest advance for a generation

References

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  • Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Irish

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Irishos.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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is

  1. reduced form ofagus(and; as)
    Diais Muire duit.
    Hello to you, too. (lit. God and Mary to you.)
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck,Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page1:
      wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ,s dūŕc šē?
      [An bhfuil na fataí chomh maithis dúirt sé?]
      Are the potatoes as goodas he said?
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck,Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect], volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page1:
      ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ īs ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
      [An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann íis an Ghaeilge seo againne.]
      The Irish used in Munster isn’t the sameas our Irish.

Etymology 2

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FromOld Irishis(is), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁es-(to be).

Pronunciation

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Particle

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is

  1. Present/future realis copula form
    Is múinteoir é Dónall.Dónall is a teacher.(definition: predicate is indefinite)
    Is é Dónall an múinteoir.Dónall is the teacher.(identification: predicate is definite)
    Is féidir liom snámh.I can swim.(idiomatic noun predicate)
    Is maith liom tae.I like tea.(idiomatic adjective predicate)
    Is mise a chonaic é.I'm the one who saw him.(compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)
    Is é Dónall atá ina mhúinteoir.It's Dónall who is a teacher.(cleft sentence)
  2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
    an buachaillisthe bigger boy; the biggest boy
    Is mó an buachaill ná Séamas.
    The boy is bigger than James.
    Is é Séamas an buachaillis mó in Éirinn!
    James is the biggest boy in Ireland! (lit. "It is James (who is) the boy (who) is biggest in Ireland")
Usage notes
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  • Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introducecleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
  • The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phraseido (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g.Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents:bheithábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form ofis féidir),bheithagiarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form ofis mian),bheithina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
  • In comparative/superlative formations,is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hencean buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by(than).
Related terms
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Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
affirmativenegativeinterrogativenegative
interrogative
present/future
main clauseisannach
relative clausedirectnach
indirectar,arbv
other subordinate clausegur,gurbvannach
past/conditional
main clauseba,b’vníor,níorbhvar,arbhvnár,nárbhv
relative clausedirectba,abvnár,nárbhv
indirectar,arbhv
other subordinate clausegur,gurbhvar,arbhvnár,nárbhv
present subjunctive
gura,gurabvnára,nárabv
compound copular forms
base wordpresent/futurepast/conditional
cár,cárbvcár,cárbhv
cér,cérbvcér,cérbhv
mba,mb’v
de/dodar,darbvdar,darbhv
faoifaoinar,faoinarbvfaoinar,faoinarbhv
iinar,inarbvinar,inarbhv
lelenar,lenarbvlenar,lenarbhv
másba,b’v
muramura,murabvmurar,murarbhv
ó(prep.)ónar,ónarbvónar,ónarbhv
ó(conj.)ósóba,ób’v
trítrínar,trínarbvtrínar,trínarbhv

v Used before vowel sounds

Karakalpak

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Etymology

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FromProto-Turkic*īĺč.

Noun

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is

  1. work

See also

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References

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  • N. A. Baskakov, editor (1958), “ис”, inKarakalpaksko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Karakalpak-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Akademija Nauk Uzbekskoj SSR,→ISBN

Kwerba

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Noun

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is

  1. woman

References

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Lacandon

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Etymology

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FromProto-Mayan*iihs.

Noun

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is

  1. sweet potato

Derived terms

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References

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  • Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018)Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;51)‎[3] (in Spanish),Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages65–66

Latin

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Italic*is, fromProto-Indo-European*éy. Cognate withOscan𐌉𐌆𐌉𐌊(izik),Umbrian𐌄𐌓𐌄(ere), and further withLithuanianjis,Proto-Slavic*jь.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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is (feminineea,neuterid);demonstrative pronoun

  1. (pronoun) this or that man, woman or thing;he,she,it,they(previously introduced)
    1. Picks up the subject or object after an intervening clause, to avoid repeating the relative pronounquī, or substitutessyntactically fronted expressions
  2. (correlative)that...which;he,she...who,it...that
    1. (anaphoric) of such anature,degree,kind(previously mentioned or implied)
    2. (cataphoric) the following; of the followingnature,degree,kind
  3. (determiner)this orthat [man, woman or thing](as a noun phrase modifier)
  4. (with genus with nominative or modī with genitive)such a,thatsort of
    eiusmodī sermōnēstalkof that kind
    • Marcus Valerius Probus,Fragmenta 66.29:
      [] 'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cumid genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
      [] 'urbīs' or 'urbēs'. For as far as I can see, you'rethe kind of man who doesn't lose sleep over his mistakes; as such you'll lose nothing whichever one you use.
  5. Substituting a clause.
    quodeius fierī possitas far as [anyof that is] possible
    1. As aninternal accusative: for thatreason, on thataccount
      idque gaudeōand I'm gladabout that
    2. Used in various prepositional phrases.
Usage notes
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Latinis is anendophoricpronoun anddeterminer, which may be employed either as ananaphora or as acataphora, meaning it serves as a reference to something preceding or following, respectively, in the text. Unlike ademonstrative such asille or Englishthis,is does not have adeictic function, meaning it cannot point to a referent in the world, but only one named in the text; nor can it be usedexophorically as a third-person pronoun such as English (s)he that refers to something not already defined in thecontext but presumed to be known or deduceable by the addressee. Thus we see it used with first, second and third person.

Theexophoric demonstratives/determiners in Latin arehic (proximal, near the speaker),iste (medial, near the listener), andille (distal, far from both). Note that Latin doesn't have any 3rd-person pronouns, using the aforementioned demonstratives in their place.

Oblique cases are rare in elevated poetry.

Declension
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Demonstrative pronoun.

singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeiseaid1

ī
eaeea
genitiveeius
ejus
eōrum
eum
eārumeōrum
eum
dative2
e͡i
ēī
2
e͡i
ēī
eae
2
e͡i
ēī
iīs1
eīs
īs
iīs1
eīs
īs
eābus
iīs1
eīs
īs
accusativeeumeamideōseāsea
ablativeiīs1
eīs
īs
vocative

1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology ofdeus. This /iː/ was normally spelled asEI during and asII after the Republic; a disyllabic, spelledII, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabiceīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings includeEEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S).
2The dat. singular is found spelledEIEI (here represented asēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings includeEEI, IEI.

Derived terms
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See also
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Latin correlatives(edit)
typedemonstrativeanaphoricidentityinterrogative/
relative
indefinitenegativeother
proximalmedialdistalrelativeindefinitefree choiceuniversalnegative polarity
basichiciste,isticille,illicisipse,īdemquis/quīquisquis,quīcumquequis,quī,quīdam,aliquis,aliquī,quispiamquīvis,quīlibetquisquequisquam,ūllus, °aliquisquamnēmō,nihil,nūllusalius
dualuterutercumquealteruterutervīs,uterlibetuterqueneuteralter
placehīcistīcillīcibī̆ibī̆demubī̆ubiubi,ubī̆cumquealicubī,uspiamubivīs,ubilibetubīqueusquamnusquam,nūllibīalibī,aliās
sourcehincistincillincindeindidemundeundecumque,undeundealicunde°undelibetundiquealiunde
destinationhūc, °hōrsumistūc, °istōrsumillūc, °illōrsumeōdemquō,quōrsumquōquō,quōcumquealiquō,quōpiam, °aliquōvorsumquōvīs,quōlibetquōquamnusquam,nūllōrsumaliō,aliōrsum
method,
means,
path,
place
hācistācillāceādemquāquāquā,quācumquealiquāquāvīs,quālibetquāquenēquāquam,haudquāquamaliā
mannerhōcmodōistōmodōillōmodōita,sīc,
modō
item,itidemut,quī,quōmodō,quōmodo,quemadmodumutut,utcumque,quōmodocumquequī,quōdammodō,aliquōmodōquōmodolibetutīqueūllōmodōnūllōmodōaliter,aliōquī,alterō/aliōmodō
timenum,nuncōlimtum,tuncsimulquandō, ‡cumcumque,quandōcumque,quandōquequondam,aliquandōquandōlibetquandōqueumquamnumquamaliās
quantitytamtamen, †tandemquamquamquamaliquamquamvīs,quamlibet
sizetantustantusdemquantusquantuscumquealiquantusquantusvīs,quantuslibet
qualitytālisquālisquālis,quāliscumquealiquālisquālislibet
numbertottotidemquotquotquot,quotcumquealiquotquotlibet
ordertotusquotusquotuscumquealiquotusquotuslibet
repetitiontotiēnsquotiēnsquotiēnscumquealiquotiēnsquotiēnslibet
multiplicationtotuplexquotuplex
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
pronounpossessive
numberpersonnominativegenitivedativeaccusativeablative
singularfirstegomeīmihimeus,-a,-um
secondtuītibituus,-a,-um
thirdmisēiuseum
feaeam
nidid
pluralfirstnōsnostrī,nostrumnōbīsnōsnōbīsnoster,-tra,-trum
secondvōsvestrī,vestrumvōbīsvōsvōbīsvester,-tra,-trum
thirdm,eōrumeīseōseīs
feaeeārumeās
neaeōrumea
reflexivesuīsibi,sēsēsuus,-a,-um

Etymology 2

[edit]

Inflected form of(go).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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īs

  1. second-personsingularpresentactiveindicative of

References

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Middle Dutch

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofwēsen

Middle English

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Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Englishīs, fromProto-West Germanic*īs.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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is (uncountable)

  1. ice(frozen water):
    1. A layer of frozen water as a surface.
    2. (rare) An individual portion of ice.
  2. (rare, figurative) That which is short-lived like ice.
  3. (rare)icy conditions
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • English:ice (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots:ice
References
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Etymology 2

[edit]

FromOld Englishis, third-person present singular ofwesan(to be), fromProto-Germanic*isti, third-person present singular of*wesaną(to be, become), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofbeen
    Synonym:bith
Usage notes
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This form is more common thanbith for the third-person singular.

Descendants
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Etymology 3

[edit]

Determiner

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is

  1. Alternative form ofhis(his)

Pronoun

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is

  1. Alternative form ofhis(his)

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

is

  1. Alternative form ofhis(her)

Etymology 5

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

is

  1. Alternative form ofhis(them)

Etymology 6

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

is (pluralisnes)

  1. Alternative form ofiren(iron)

Navajo

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Interjection

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is

  1. as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you sayexpressing surprise

Usage notes

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Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.

Alternative forms

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Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norseíss(ice), fromProto-Germanic*īsaz, a variant of*īsą(ice), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-(ice, frost).

Noun

[edit]

is m (definite singularisen,indefinite pluralisoriser,definite pluralisene)

  1. (uncountable)ice,ice cream
  2. (countable)ice cream on a stick or cone.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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Anagrams

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norseíss, fromProto-Germanic*īsą, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-. Akin toEnglishice.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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is m (definite singularisen,indefinite pluralisar,definite pluralisane)

  1. ice
  2. ice cream

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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Nyishi

[edit]

Alternative forms

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Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Tani*si, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*si.

Noun

[edit]

is

  1. water

References

[edit]
  • P. T. Abraham (2005)A Grammar of Nyishi Language[4], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old English

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Germanic*īsą. See there for more.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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īs n

  1. ice
    • the Legend of St Andrew
      Ofer ēastrēamasīs bryċġode.
      Theice formed a bridge over the streams.
  2. the runic character (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension
[edit]

Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativeīsīs
accusativeīsīs
genitiveīsesīsa
dativeīseīsum
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*ist, fromProto-Germanic*isti (a form ofProto-Germanic*wesaną(to be)), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti(is).

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofwesan
Descendants
[edit]

Old High German

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*īs. CompareOld Saxonīs,Old Englishīs,Old Norseíss.

Noun

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īs

  1. ice

Descendants

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Old Irish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

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The lemmais itself is fromProto-Celtic*esti, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti; other forms are from either*h₁es- or*bʰuH-.

Verb

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is

  1. tobe

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:is.

Usage notes

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This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb"at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce acleft sentence.

Conjugation

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SeeAppendix:Old Irish conjugation of is for the complete conjugation.

Derived terms

[edit]
  • cesu(although... is)
  • condid(so that... is)
  • in(is... ?)
  • masu(if... is)
  • (is not)

Descendants

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See also

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Further reading

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Old Saxon

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Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*it.

Pronoun

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is (is)

  1. his,its
Declension
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Old Saxon personal pronouns
nominativeaccusativedativegenitive
singular1st personik,me,mikmīn
2nd personthūthī,thikthīthīn
3rd
person
minaimuis
fsiusiairuira
nititis
dual1st personwitunkunkero,unka
2nd persongitinkinker,inka
plural1st person,weūs,unsikūsūser
2nd person,geeu,iu,iuueuwar,iuwer,iuwar,iuwero,iuwera
3rd
person
msiaimiro
fsia
nsiu

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

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is

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofwesan

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*īsą, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-(ice, frost). Cognate withOld Frisianīs (West Frisianiis),Old Englishīs (Englishice),Dutchijs,Old High Germanīs (GermanEis),Old Norseíss (Danish andSwedishis).

Noun

[edit]

īs n

  1. ice
  2. The runic character (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension
[edit]
īs (neuter a-stem)
singularplural
nominativeīsīs
accusativeīsīs
genitiveīsesīsō
dativeīseīsun
instrumental
Descendants
[edit]
  • Middle Low German:îs
    • Low German:Ies
      • German Low German:Ies

Old Welsh

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*esti. Cognate toOld Irishis.

Verb

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is (third person singular present)

  1. tobe

Inflection

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Listed exhaustively in theEtymological Glossary of Old Welsh are the following conjugated forms:[1]

  • 3rd person singular present:is,iu,oi,hois,hoys
  • 3rd person singular present relative:issi,issid
  • 3rd person singular present negative:nit
  • 3rd person plural present:hint,int
  • 3rd person singular imperfect:hoid,oid
  • 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive:be
  • 3rd person plural imperfect subjunctive:beinn
  • 3rd person singular present habitual:bi,bidbit
  • 3rd person singular present subjunctive:boi,boit
  • 3rd person singular preterite:bu

Descendants

[edit]
  • Welsh:bod(finite forms)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Falileyev, Alexander (2000)Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie;18), Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN, pages158-159

Onondaga

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Etymology

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FromProto-North Iroquoian*iːts.

Pronoun

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is

  1. you

References

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  • Hanni Woodbury (2018)A Reference Grammar of the Onondaga Language, University of Toronto, page309

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes:(Brazil)-is,(Portugal, Rio de Janeiro)-iʃ
  • Hyphenation:is

Noun

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is

  1. plural ofi
    • 2003,J. K. Rowling,Lia Wyler,Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
      Se você pôs os pingos nosis e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
      If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!

Sardinian

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Etymology

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From syllabicapocope ofissos,issas, fromLatinipsōs,ipsās, masculine and feminine accusative plural forms ofipse(himself).

Pronunciation

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Article

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is pl orpl(Campidanese)

  1. plural ofsu:the(masculine plural definite article)
  2. plural ofsa:the(feminine plural definite article)
    • 1212, anonymous author,untitled document; collected in “Carta sarda del 1212 [1212 Sardinian document]”, inErnesto Monaci, editor,Crestomazia italiana dei primi secoli, con prospetto delle inflessioni grammaticali e glossario, volume 1, Città di Castello: S. Lapi,1889,page28, lines9–10:
      [] assolbu sus serbus etis ankillas de cussa domu
      [] I absolve the servants andthe maids of this house

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Rubattu, Antoninu (2006)Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
  • Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “ísse”, inDizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg

Scots

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Adverb

[edit]

is (notcomparable)

  1. (Southern Scots)as

Synonyms

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Conjunction

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is

  1. (Southern Scots)as

Synonyms

[edit]

Pronoun

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is (personal, non-emphatic)

  1. (Southern Scots)me

See also

[edit]
  • A
  • mei(emphatic variant)

Verb

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is

  1. third-person singular simple present indicative form ofbe

See also

[edit]

Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Clipping ofagus(as well as). Cognate withIrishis.

Conjunction

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is

  1. and
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Is is often shortened further to's.

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromOld Irishis. Cognate withIrishis andManxs'.

Verb

[edit]

is

  1. (copulative)am,is,are
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Is is often shortened to's.
  • Is is used when linking thesubject of a sentence with anobject ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verbbi are used:
    Is mise Dòmhnall.Iam Donald.
    Tha mise anns an t-seòmar.Iam in the room.
Inflection
[edit]
Conjugation ofbi (highly irregular)
singularplural
firstsecondthirdm/ffirstsecondthird
independentpresenttha mitha thutha e/itha sinntha sibhtha iad
pastbha mibha thubha e/ibha sinnbha sibhbha iad
futuresimplebidh mibidh tubidh e/ibidh sinnbidh sibhbidh iad
emphaticbithidh mibithidh tubithidh e/ibithidh sinnbithidh sibhbithidh iad
conditionalsimplebhithinnbhiodh tubhiodh e/ibhiodh sinn
bhiomaid
bhiodh sibhbhiodh iad
emphaticbhitheadh tubhitheadh e/ibhitheadh sinn
bhitheamaid
bhitheadh sibhbhitheadh iad
negativepresentchaneil michaneil thuchaneil e/ichaneil sinnchaneil sibhchaneil iad
pastcharobh micharobh thucharobh e/icharobh sinncharobh sibhcharobh iad
futurechabhi michabhi thuchabhi e/ichabhi sinnchabhi sibhchabhi iad
conditionalsimplechabhithinnchabhiodh tuchabhiodh e/ichabhiodh sinn
chabhiomaid
chabhiodh sibhchabhiodh iad
emphaticchabhitheadh tuchabhitheadh e/ichabhitheadh sinn
chabhitheamaid
chabhitheadh sibhchabhitheadh iad
affirmative
interrogative
presentabheil mi?abheil thu?abheil e/i?abheil sinn?abheil sibh?abheil iad?
pastanrobh mi?anrobh thu?anrobh e/i?anrobh sinn?anrobh sibh?anrobh iad?
futureambi mi?ambi thu?ambi e/i?ambi sinn?ambi sibh?ambi iad?
conditionalsimpleambithinn?ambiodh tu?ambiodh e/i?ambiodh sinn?
ambiomaid?
ambiodh sibh?ambiodh iad?
emphaticambitheadh tu?ambitheadh e/i?ambitheadh sinn
ambitheamaid?
ambitheadh sibh?ambitheadh iad?
negative
interrogative
presentnacheil mi?nacheil thu?nacheil e/i?nacheil sinn?nacheil sibh?nacheil iad?
pastnachrobh mi?nachrobh thu?nachrobh e/i?nachrobh sinn?nachrobh sibh?nachrobh iad?
futurenachbi mi?nachbi thu?nachbi e/i?nachbi sinn?nachbi sibh?nachbi iad?
conditionalsimplenachbithinn?nachbiodh tu?nachbiodh e/i?nachbiodh sinn?
nachbiomaid?
nachbiodh sibh?nachbiodh iad?
emphaticnachbitheadh tu?nachbitheadh e/i?nachbitheadh sinn?
nachbitheamaid?
nachbitheadh sibh?nachbitheadh iad?
relative futuresimple(a)bhios mi(a)bhios tu(a)bhios e/i(a)bhios sinn(a)bhios sibh(a)bhios iad
emphatic(a)bhitheas mi(a)bhitheas tu(a)bhitheas e/i(a)bhitheas sinn(a)bhitheas sibh(a)bhitheas iad
imperativesimplebitheambibiodh e/ibiomaidbithibhbiodh iad
emphaticbitheadh e/ibitheamaidbitheadh iad
verbal nounabhith

Impersonal forms can be found atthathar.

Conjugation ofis (highly irregular, defective)
singularplural
firstsecondthirdm/ffirstsecondthird
independentpresentis miis tuis e/iis sinnis sibhis iad
pastbu mhibu tub' e/ibu sinnbu sibhb' iad
conditional
negativepresentcha mhicha tuchan e/icha sinncha sibhchan iad
pastchabu mhichabu tuchab' e/ichabu sinnchabu sibhchab' iad
conditional
affirmative
interrogative
presentam mi?an tu?an e/i?an sinn?an sibh?an iad?
pastambu mhi?ambu tu?amb' e/i?ambu sinn?ambu sibh?amb' iad?
conditional
Negative
interrogative
presentnach mi?nach tu?nach e/i?nach sinn?nach sibh?nach iad?
pastnachbu mhi?nachbu tu?nachb' e/i?nachbu sinn?nachbu sibh?nachb' iad?
conditional
Conjugation ofthathar (highly irregular, defective, impersonal)
PresentPastFutureConditional
Independentthathar,thatar,thathas1bhathar,bhatar,bhathas1bithear,bitear,bitheas1bhite(adh),bhithist(e)1
Negativechaneilear, chaneileas1charobhar, charobhas1chabithear, chabitear, chabitheas1chabhite(adh), chabhithist(e)1
Affirmative interrogativeambeilear? ambeileas?1
abheilear? abheileas?1
anrobhar? anrobhas?1ambithear? ambiteas?1ambite(adh)? ambithist(e)?1
Negative interrogativenacheilear? nacheileas?1nachrobhar? nachrobhas?1nachbithear? nachbitear? nachbitheas?1nachbite(adh)? nachbithist(e)?1

1 Lewis dialect form

References

[edit]
  • Colin Mark (2003) “is”, inThe Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge,→ISBN, page368

Swedish

[edit]
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
grässtrån infrusna iis [blades of grass frozen inice]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Swedishis, fromOld Norseíss, fromProto-Germanic*īsą, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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is c

  1. (uncountable)ice (frozen water)
    • 1982,Ratata, “Ögon avis [Eyes ofice]”, inRatata[5]:
      Ja, hennes ögon är avis. Dom säger allt och ingenting. Ja, hon har ögon avis.
      Yes, her eyes are made ofice. They say everything and nothing. Yes, she has eyes ofice.
  2. (countable)ice (mass of ice, for example a sheet)

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofis
nominativegenitive
singularindefiniteisis
definiteisenisens
pluralindefiniteisarisars
definiteisarnaisarnas

Related terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Tok Pisin

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromEnglishEast.

Noun

[edit]

is

  1. East

Turkish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Turkic*ï̄ĺ(č)(soot, dirty smoke).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

is (definite accusativeisi,pluralisler)

  1. soot
  2. fume(solid deposit)
  3. kohl

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofis
singularplural
nominativeisisler
definite accusativeisiisleri
dativeiseislere
locativeisteislerde
ablativeistenislerden
genitiveisinislerin
Possessive forms
nominative
singularplural
1st singularisimislerim
2nd singularisinislerin
3rd singularisiisleri
1st pluralisimizislerimiz
2nd pluralisinizisleriniz
3rd pluralisleriisleri
definite accusative
singularplural
1st singularisimiislerimi
2nd singularisiniislerini
3rd singularisiniislerini
1st pluralisimiziislerimizi
2nd pluralisiniziislerinizi
3rd pluralisleriniislerini
dative
singularplural
1st singularisimeislerime
2nd singularisineislerine
3rd singularisineislerine
1st pluralisimizeislerimize
2nd pluralisinizeislerinize
3rd pluralislerineislerine
locative
singularplural
1st singularisimdeislerimde
2nd singularisindeislerinde
3rd singularisindeislerinde
1st pluralisimizdeislerimizde
2nd pluralisinizdeislerinizde
3rd pluralislerindeislerinde
ablative
singularplural
1st singularisimdenislerimden
2nd singularisindenislerinden
3rd singularisindenislerinden
1st pluralisimizdenislerimizden
2nd pluralisinizdenislerinizden
3rd pluralislerindenislerinden
genitive
singularplural
1st singularisiminislerimin
2nd singularisininislerinin
3rd singularisininislerinin
1st pluralisimizinislerimizin
2nd pluralisinizinislerinizin
3rd pluralislerininislerinin

Derived terms

[edit]

Volapük

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

is

  1. here
    • 1931, Arie de Jong,Gramat Volapüka, § 256:
      Ünü tim kinik janedoy-liis?
      At what time does one have breakfasthere?

Welsh

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Welshis, fromProto-Celtic*ɸīssu(under), fromProto-Indo-European*pedsú, locative plural of*pṓds(foot). Cognate withOld Irishís.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

is

  1. comparative degree ofisel:lower
    Antonym:uwch

Preposition

[edit]

is

  1. lower than,under

Related terms

[edit]
  • is-(sub-)
  • (literary):islaw(beneath)

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms ofis
radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
isunchangedunchangedhis

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Frisianis, fromProto-Germanic*isti (form of*wesaną(to be)). Cognate withEnglishis,Dutchis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

is

  1. third person singular indicative ofwêze
    • 1997, Sjoerd Bottema, "Dwersreed",Trotwaer, vol. 29, no. 5, page 204.
      Ik soe net witte wat myn ‘favorite plakje’ is om te fantasearjen, sa'n plak ha ik net, no ja soms al, mar dat is in plak dêr't ik yn it iepenbier leaver net oer praat, net mei myn learlingen alteast, en al hielendal net oer hoe't ik my dêr hâld en draach en wat myn lichemshâldingis.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Yola

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishis, es, fromOld Englishis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

is

  1. is
    Synonym:beeth
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page44:
      Doost thou know fidiis a hamaron?
      Do you know whereis the horse-collar?
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page65:
      Mee coatis ee-runt.
      My coatis torn.
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page71:
      A truckleis ee-teap'd.
      The caris overturned.
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page78:
      A wufis pa varreen.
      The gadis on the headland.
  2. are
    Synonym:yarth
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page49:
      Banèsis ee-kearnt.
      Beansare beginning to ripen in the pod.
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page50:
      Mee hoanèsis ee-kimmelt.
      My handsare benumbed with cold.

References

[edit]
  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page44
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