"It depends on what the meaning of the word 'is'is."
2012, Robert Moore,Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara,→ISBN, page137:
"It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her.[…] "Tomorrowis two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
(now colloquial)Used in phrases with existentialthere (alsohere andwhere) when the semantic subject is plural.
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E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “is”, inAn Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
“is” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Aznapra esőt mondtak, és elis kezdett esni. ―Rain had been predicted for that day and,sure enough, it was beginning to rain. (literally, “They had said rain for…”)
When it is used with aconcessive adverb (“no matter what/who/when/how”, “however [good, bad]”, “long as it was”, “even if…” etc.), it is traditionally placed after the verb, though it is common in colloquial style to use it after the adverb instead:
(traditionally, chiefly in literary style) Bármilyen hosszúra nyúltis az előadás,… (more recently) Bármilyen hosszúrais nyúlt az előadás,…
No matter how long the lecture/performance stretched,…
It applies toverb-final set phrases as well, similarly toérzi magát in this clause:még ha ettől rosszul érezzükis magunkat / …rosszulis érezzük magunkat(“even if it makes us feel bad”).
is inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.:ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
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Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introducecleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrasebíido (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g.Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents:bheithábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form ofis féidir),bheithagiarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form ofis mian),bheithina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
In comparative/superlative formations,is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hencean buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced byná(“than”).
Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018)Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”;51)[3] (in Spanish),Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages65–66
(pronoun) this or that man, woman or thing;he,she,it,they(previously introduced)
Picks up the subject or object after an intervening clause, to avoid repeating the relative pronounquī, or substitutessyntactically fronted expressions
[…]'urbīs' an 'urbēs'. Nam cumid genus sīs, quod videō, ut sine iactūrā tuā peccēs, nihil perdēs utrum dīxeris.
[…]'urbīs' or 'urbēs'. For as far as I can see, you'rethe kind of man who doesn't lose sleep over his mistakes; as such you'll lose nothing whichever one you use.
Substituting a clause.
quodeius fierī possit ―as far as [anyof that is] possible
Latinis is anendophoricpronoun anddeterminer, which may be employed either as ananaphora or as acataphora, meaning it serves as a reference to something preceding or following, respectively, in the text. Unlike ademonstrative such asille or Englishthis,is does not have adeictic function, meaning it cannot point to a referent in the world, but only one named in the text; nor can it be usedexophorically as a third-person pronoun such as English (s)he that refers to something not already defined in thecontext but presumed to be known or deduceable by the addressee. Thus we see it used with first, second and third person.
Theexophoric demonstratives/determiners in Latin arehic (proximal, near the speaker),iste (medial, near the listener), andille (distal, far from both). Note that Latin doesn't have any 3rd-person pronouns, using the aforementioned demonstratives in their place.
1The nom./dat./abl. plural forms regularly developed into a monosyllable /iː(s)/, with later remodelling - compare the etymology ofdeus. This /iː/ was normally spelled asEI during and asII after the Republic; a disyllabiciī, spelledII, Iꟾ, appears in Silver Age poetry, while disyllabiceīs is only post-Classical. Other spellings includeEEI(S), EIEI(S), IEI(S). 2The dat. singular is found spelledEIEI (here represented asēī) and scanned as two longs in Plautus, but also as a monosyllable. The latter is its normal scansion in Classical. Other spellings includeEEI, IEI.
This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb"at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce acleft sentence.
Pedersen, Holger (1913)Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht,→ISBN,pages419–431
^Falileyev, Alexander (2000)Etymological Glossary of Old Welsh (Buchreihe der Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie;18), Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN, pages158-159
1212, anonymous author,untitled document; collected in “Carta sarda del 1212 [1212 Sardinian document]”, inErnesto Monaci, editor,Crestomazia italiana dei primi secoli, con prospetto delle inflessioni grammaticali e glossario, volume 1, Città di Castello: S. Lapi,1889,page28, lines9–10:
[…] assolbu sus serbus etis ankillas de cussa domu
[…] I absolve the servants andthe maids of this house
Is is used when linking thesubject of a sentence with anobject ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verbbi are used:
Ik soe net witte wat myn ‘favorite plakje’ is om te fantasearjen, sa'n plak ha ik net, no ja soms al, mar dat is in plak dêr't ik yn it iepenbier leaver net oer praat, net mei myn learlingen alteast, en al hielendal net oer hoe't ik my dêr hâld en draach en wat myn lichemshâldingis.
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page44
