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if

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:-if,IF,andyif

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishif,yif,yef, fromOld Englishġif(“if”), fromProto-West Germanic*jabu,*jabē, fromProto-Germanic*jabai(“when, if”). Cognate withScotsgif(“if, whether”),Saterland Frisianaf,of(“if, whether”),West Frisianoft(“whether”),Dutchof(“or, whether, but”),Middle Low Germanef,if,af,of("if; whether"; >German Low Germanof),Germanob(“if, whether”),Icelandicef(“if”).

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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if

  1. Supposing that,assuming that, in thecircumstances that;used to introduce acondition that may be (or prove to be) either true or false.
    If crossing the road, make sure you look both ways.
    If I give you the money would/will you buy it for me?
    If you prefer, I can come tomorrow instead.
    I'll,if I have time, do it next week.
    I'll come onlyif you will do the driving.
    Fetch me a cold beerif there's one in the fridge.
    1. (computing) A keyword that invokes conditional processing: in the event that a given condition is true, execute the given statement(s) (otherwise execute other statements).
      if A then B else C
  2. Supposing that;used with past or past perfect subjunctive to indicate acounterfactual orhypothetical condition.
    If she hadn't told me, I wouldn't know.
    "You would be healthierif you would give up smoking" "Well,if I were rich, I'd go to one of those hypnosis therapies to quit".
    1. (usually hyperbolic)Even if; even in the circumstances that.
      I wouldn't marry youif you were the last man on earth.
      You're finishing your chowderif you sit there all afernoon!
      • 1838, Boz [pseudonym;Charles Dickens],Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume(please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London:Richard Bentley, […],→OCLC:
        “Wait a minute!” said the girl: “I wouldn’t hurry by, if it was you that was coming out to be hung, the next time eight o’clock struck, Bill. I’d walk round and round the place till I dropped,if the snow was on the ground, and I hadn’t a shawl to cover me.”
      • 2004,David Lee Murphy and Kim Tribble (writers),Montgomery Gentry (singers), “If It’s The Last Thing I Do” (song), inYou Do Your Thing (album):
        If it’s the last thing I do /If it takes me from Tubilo to Timbuktu /If it’s the last thing I do / I’m gonna dodge every road block, speed trap, county cop / To get my hands on you /If it’s the last thing I do.
  3. Considering the fact that;given that;introducing a condition that is known to be true.
    The drain's blocked — andif the drain's blocked, the water won't flow.
  4. When;whenever; every time that.
    If you heat water to 100° C, it boils.
    If it rains, it pours.
  5. Although;used to introduce a concession; may..but.
    He was a great friend,if a little stingy at the bar.
    She won her team's admiration,if not the award, for her performance.
    • 1981 April 11, Mitzel, “Kopacz Acquitted In Barbre Killing”, inGay Community News, page 1:
      Both Spear & Davis were indicted in the witchhunt surrounding the sensational (if nonexistent) "Revere sex ring."
  6. (sometimes proscribed)Whether;used to introduce a noun clause, an indirect question, that functions as the direct object of certain verbs.
    I don't knowif I want to go or not.
    • 1715–1717,Matthew Prior,Alma; or, The Progress of the Mind, Canto III:
      Quoth Matthew, “ […] / She doubtsif two and two make four, / […] ”
    • 1976, Michael Harrison,Beyond Baker Street: A Sherlockian Anthology, page117:
      It is doubtfulif the Victorian Londoner needed any warning, for the artful mobsmen, toolers, whizzers and dippers, together with their stickman accomplices, were everywhere in the crowds, in the underground, on railway trains[…]
  7. Introducing arelevance conditional; in case.
    I have leftover cakeif you want some.
    If you want to go home, I have the car keys.

Usage notes

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  • Specifically asubordinating conjunction.
  • Some usage critics recommend thatif not be used to meanwhether, since the distinction can remove ambiguity, as in the following example:
Tell me if you can see her. (If the addressee can see her, then he or she must let the speaker know)
Tell me whether you can see her. (The speaker wants to know which instance is true: either the addressee'sabilityorinability to see her)
  • This distinction is further encouraged because, traditionally,if cannot always be used in place ofwhether. For instance, if the noun clause acts as the subject of the sentence or an object of a preposition, the word is usuallywhether. Examples:
We like to talk about whether classical music is better than jazz.
Whether you like today’s weather does not matter.
  • Another difference betweenif andwhether is with the use ofor not.
The sentencesI don't know whether or not I passed orI don't know whether I passed or not are both correct
The sentenceI don't know if I passed or not is correct, butI don't know if or not I passed is incorrect

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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supposing that
although; used to introduce a concession
whether
(computing)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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if (pluralifs)

  1. (informal) Anuncertainty,possibility,condition,doubt etc.
    The board can't approve this project; there are too manyifs.
    • 1709, Susannah Centlivre,The Busy Body, Act III, in John Bell (ed.),British Theater, J. Bell (1791),page 59,
      Sir Fran. Nay, but Chargy, if——— ¶Miran. Nay, Gardy, noIfs.——Have I refus'd three northern lords, two British peers, and half a score knights, to have put in yourIfs?
    • 1791 January, “Richardſon’sChemical Principles of the Metallic Arts”, inThe Monthly Review, R. Griffiths,page176:
      Well might Bergman add, (in hisSciographia,), “if the compariſon that has been made, &c. be juſt.” The preſent writer makes noifs about the matter, and has ſuperadded a little inaccuracy of his own, […]
    • 2013 April 9, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, inNew York Times‎[1]:
      Even if they managed to strike Japan, the United States or South Korea with nuclear weapons — a bigif, given that they do not have a reliable delivery system — they could not save themselves from ultimate defeat.

Derived terms

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Translations

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a theoretical condition

See also

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Further reading

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  • “if”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

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French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchif, fromOld Frenchif, from northernVulgar Latin*ivus(“yew tree”), from eitherProto-Celtic*iwos orProto-Germanic*īhwaz, both ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyHw-. Cognate withBretonivin,Welshywen,Old Irisheó (in Celtic),Englishyew,Dutchijf,German Low GermanIev,GermanEibe (in Germanic), and further withRussianива(iva) etc.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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if m (pluralifs)

  1. yew

Further reading

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Japanese

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Alternative spelling
IF

Etymology

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FromEnglishif(as inwhat if).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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if(イフ)• (ifu) 

  1. "what-if"alternativehistory(real-life) /events(fictional)
    Synonyms:もし(moshi),もしも(moshimo)
    IF(イフ)ルート
    ifu rūto
    awhat-if scenario / storyline
    IF(イフ)ストーリー
    ifu sutōrī
    awhat-if story
    歴(れき)史(し)のif(イフ)を想(そう)像(ぞう)する
    rekishi noifu o sōzō suru
    to imagine awhat-if in a history

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006),大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition,Tokyo:Sanseidō,→ISBN

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishġif, fromProto-West Germanic*jabē,*jabu, fromProto-Germanic*jabai.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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if

  1. if, oncondition that

Descendants

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References

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Norman

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchif, from eitherFrankish*īw (fromProto-Germanic*īhwaz) orGaulish*iwos(“yew, yew tree”) (fromProto-Celtic*iwos, compareBretonivin,Old Irisheó,Welshywen); in either case fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyHw-. Seeyew for more.

Noun

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if m (pluralifs)

  1. (Jersey)yew

Old French

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Etymology

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From eitherFrankish*īw (fromProto-Germanic*īhwaz) orGaulish*iwos(“yew, yew tree”) (fromProto-Celtic*iwos, compareBretonivin,Old Irisheó,Welshywen); in either case fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eyHw-. Seeyew for more.

Noun

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ifoblique singular, f (oblique pluralis,nominative singularif,nominative pluralis)

  1. yew
  2. yew wood

Descendants

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  • Middle French:if
  • Norman:if

Volapük

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishif.

Conjunction

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if

  1. if
    • 1932, Arie de Jong,Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page19:
      If laboböv moni, remoböv ole buki at.
      If I had money, I would buy this book.
    • 1952, Arie de Jong,Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: V:
      Binols sal taleda; abif sal vedonöv nensmelik, me kin osalöfükoy üfo?
      You are salt for the earth. Butif salt loses its taste, what can make it salty again?

Yola

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Conjunction

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if

  1. alternative form ofyith
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page52:
      Thou leeesthif thou wasth Saan Vinteen, an Saan Vinteen agyne.
      Thou liestif thou wast St. Finton, and St. Finton again.
    • 1867, “JAMEEN QOUGEELY EE-PEALTHE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page110, lines5-6:
      If ich hadh Peeougheen a Buch, Meyleare a Slut, Peedher Ghiel-laaune, an Jackeen Bugaaune,
      If I had Hugh the Buck, Meyler the Sloven, Peter the Smart Man, and John Boggan,

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page110
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