2006, “Gastroenterology: Esophageal Rupture”, in Steven E. Diaz,The Little Black Book of Emergency Medicine (Jones and Bartlett's Little Black Book Series), 2nd edition, Sudbury, MA:Jones and Bartlett Publishers,→ISBN, page102:
May occur secondary to a weakened esophagus or after violent emesis, but thehx is nonspecific most of the time.