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how

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:How

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishhow,hou,hu,hwu, fromOld English, fromProto-West Germanic*hwō, fromProto-Germanic*hwō(through what, how), from the same root ashwæt(who, what). /hw/ > /h/ due towh-cluster reduction in Old English; comparewho, which underwent this change later, and thus is speltwh (Middle English spelling of /hw/) but pronounced /h/ (it previously had a different vowel, hence avoided the spelling and sound change in Old English). Vowel change perGreat Vowel Shift.

Akin toScotshoo,foo(how),Saterland Frisianwo(how),West Frisianhoe(how),Dutchhoe(how),Low Germanho,wo,wu(how),Germanwie(how),Swedishhur(how). Seewho and comparewhy.

Adverb

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how (notcomparable)

  1. (interrogative) Towhatdegree orextent.
    How often do you practice?
    The gauge indicatedhow hot the oven was.
    How soon can I see the doctor?
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter IV, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,page46:
      No matterhow early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or otherwise his man would be there with a message to say that his master would shortly join me if I would kindly wait.
    • 2013, Diane Sullivan Everstine, Louis Everstine,Strategic Interventions for People in Crisis, Trauma, and Disaster: Revised Edition, Routledge,→ISBN:
      How damaged is her self-esteem?
  2. (interrogative) In whatmanner:
    • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8847:
      Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too.[]But as a foundation for analysis it is highly subjective: it rests on difficult decisions about what counts as a territory, what counts as output andhow to value it. Indeed, economists are still tweaking it.
    1. By what means.
      How do you solve this puzzle?
      How else can we get this finished?
      She showed himhow to do it.
      I rememberhow I solved this puzzle.
    2. With overtones ofwhy,for what reason.
      How should I know whether he likes raisins or not? Ask him!
    3. In any manner in which; in whatever way;however.
      People should be free to livehow they want.
    4. In what form, shape, measure, quantity, etc.
      • 1831, Nicolas Wanostrocht,A Grammar of the French Language: With Practical Exercises, page372:
        How do you sell your brandy?   We sell it by the gallon, and not by the bottle.
      • 2005, Tim Stafford,Knowing the Face of God, Revised Edition: Deepening Your Personal Relationship with God, Wipf and Stock Publishers,→ISBN, page191:
        How does God appear in these religions? Hinduism has a thousand faces for God, some likable, some horrible. You can pick and choose your preferred image. Buddhism does not even have an image of God, but concentrates on man.
    5. With whatmeaning oreffect.
      How the stock market interprets events has real consequences.
      • 1906,Gibbons Stamp Weekly, page110:
        A heap of stamps? Yes. Stamps they were indeed, hundreds of penny Queen's Heads neatly mounted on the original sheets. "Good God!" exclaimed Mr. Erskine as he turned to Mr. Sackville, "how am I to take this, sir?" said he severely. "Where are the real stamps? Were they ever inside, ever in your possession at all? If it is a joke, it is a very poor one."
    6. By what title or what name.
      • 1907, Edward Byles Cowell,The Jātaka: Or, Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, page44:
        "How art thou called? Thy name make known; Thy father's name and family,—tell me thy father's and thine own."
      • 2015, Edmond H. Weiss,The Elements of International English Style: A Guide to Writing Correspondence, Reports, Technical Documents, and Internet Pages for a Global Audience, Routledge,→ISBN, page111:
        Salutation—How does one address the recipient; what titles, greetings, and honorifics are preferred; how does one manage the problem of unknown gender;[]
    7. At what price, for what amount (of money).
  3. (interrogative) In whatstate orcondition.
    How are you?
    How was your vacation?
  4. (exclamative)Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.
    How very interesting!
    How wonderful it was to receive your invitation.
    • 1973, “Yesterday Once More”, inNow & Then, performed bythe Carpenters:
      Those were such happy times and not so long ago /How I wondered where they'd gone
    • 2021 July 7,Phil McNulty, “England 2-1 Denmark”, inBBC Sport[1]:
      How England had to fight for victory against this steely Denmark with an inspired keeper inKasper Schmeichel, especially after conceding their first goal of the tournament toMikkel Damsgaard's stunning free-kick after 30 minutes.
Usage notes
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  • See usage notes onelse(adverb).
  • How good is it? means "To what extent is it good?", whereasHow is it good? means "In what manner is it good?". Likewise,I know how good it is means "I know the extent to which it is good", whereasI know how it is good means "I know the manner in which it is good".
Derived terms
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Translations
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to what degree
in what manner
in what state
used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings

Conjunction

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how

  1. (informal)That, the fact that.
    She told mehow her father was a doctor.
Translations
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the fact thatseethat
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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how (pluralhowsorhow's)

  1. Themeans by which something is accomplished.
    I am not interested in the why, but in thehow.
    • 1924, Joseph Rickaby,Studies on God and His Creatures, page102:
      It is ana posteriori argument, evincing the fact, but not thehow.
    • 2008 March 21, The New York Times, “Movie Guide and Film Series”, inNew York Times[2]:
      A wham-bam caper flick, efficiently directed by Roger Donaldson, that fancifully revisits the mysterious whos and speculativehows of a 1971 London bank heist.

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishhowe,hough,hogh, partly fromOld Englishhōh(promontory), and partly fromOld Norsehaugr(a how, mound). CompareOld Frenchhöe(hillock, hill), from the sameGermanic source.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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how (pluralhows)

  1. (dialectal) An artificialbarrow ortumulus; in later folklore, associated withfairies.
    • 1928,Lewis Spence,Mysteries of Britain, pagev. 136:
      Fianlly, as regards the places in which these rites and mysteries may have been held, certain writers believe them to have been the "Fairy Hills" or "howes" in various parts of Scotland.
    • 1985, Jennifer Westwood,Albion, published1992, pagexi. 432:
      The fairy feast inside thehowe (and this barrow is hill-sized) reminds one of nothing so much as a tale in the IcelandicEyrbyggia saga, written in the mid thirteenth century.
  2. (dialectal) A small hill in northern England.
Usage notes
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  • Usage is preserved mainly in place names.

Etymology 3

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

From aSiouan language; compareLakotaháu. Alternatively fromWyandothaau.

Alternative forms

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Interjection

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how

  1. Agreeting, used in representations ofNative American speech.
Translations
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the greeting

References

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Anagrams

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Abau

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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how

  1. taro

Alabama

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Adverb

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how

  1. yes

Synonyms

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Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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how

  1. here

Further reading

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  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “how”, inSłownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague:ОРЯС РАН,ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag,2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “how”, inDolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld English, fromProto-West Germanic*hwō, fromProto-Germanic*hwō.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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how

  1. how
Descendants
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Conjunction

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how

  1. how
Descendants
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References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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how

  1. Alternative form ofhough(promontory)

Yola

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Adverb

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how

  1. Alternative form offowe
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      How yarthe to-die, mee joee?
      How art thou to-day, my joy?

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page80
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