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host

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Host,höst,hőst,høst,andhosť

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*gʰóstis
    Proto-Indo-European*pótis
    Proto-Indo-European*gʰóstipotis
    Proto-Italic*hostipotis
    Latinhospes
    Old Frenchostebor.
    Middle Englishhoste
    Englishhost

    FromMiddle Englishhoste, fromOld Frenchoste (French:hôte), fromLatinhospitem, accusative ofhospes(“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from*hostipotis, an old compound ofhostis and the root ofpotis, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰóstipotis(“master of guests”), from*gʰóstis(“stranger, guest, enemy”) and*pótis(“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century.

    Noun

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    host (pluralhosts)

    1. One which receives or entertains aguest, socially, commercially, or officially.
      A goodhost is always considerate of the guest’s needs.
    2. One that provides a facility for an event.
    3. A person or organization responsible forrunning anevent.
      Our company ishost of the annual conference this year.
    4. Amoderator ormaster of ceremonies for aperformance.
      Synonym:(UK)presenter
      Thehost was terrible, but the acts themselves were good.
    5. (computing, Internet) Any computer attached to anetwork.
    6. (ecology) Acell ororganism whichharbors another organism or biological entity, usually aparasite.
      Viruses depend on thehost that they infect in order to be able to reproduce.
      • 2013 May-June,Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 3, page193:
        A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoirhosts: rodents.
    7. (evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certaingenetic material, with respect to its cells.
      The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to itshost.
    8. Apaidmalecompanion offeringconversation and in some casessex, as in certain types ofbar inJapan.
    Hyponyms
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    Derived terms
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    Related terms
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    Translations
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    person who receives or entertains a guest
    person or organisation responsible for running an event
    moderator
    computing: computer attached to a network
    biology: cell or organism which harbors another organism
    genetics: organism bearing certain genetic material

    Verb

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    host (third-person singular simple presenthosts,present participlehosting,simple past and past participlehosted)

    1. To perform the role of a host.
      Our company willhost the annual conference this year.
      I was terrible athosting that show.
      I’ll behosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.
      • 1984 February 4, Suzan Bedrosian, “Sex Lives”, inGay Community News, volume11, number28, page 4:
        I am quite impressed with the December 10th issue in which ithosted the article by Nancy Langer, "Different Abilities, the Same Queer Pleasures."
      • 2013 May-June,Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 3, page193:
        Batshost many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
    2. (obsolete, intransitive) Tolodge at aninn.
    3. (computing, Internet) To runsoftware made available to aremote user orprocess.
      Kremvaxhosts a variety of services.
      • 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., “Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators”, incomp.protocols.tcp-ip (Usenet):
        CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system ishosting a session.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    perform the role of a host
    computing: run software for a remote user or process

    See also

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    Etymology 2

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    FromMiddle Englishoost, borrowed fromOld Frenchost,oste, hoste, fromLatinhostis(“foreign enemy”), fromProto-Indo-European*gʰóstis (as opposed toinimicus(“personal enemy”)).Doublet ofguest.

    Noun

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    host (pluralhosts)

    2. Amultitude of peoplearrayed as anarmy; used also in religious senses, as:Heavenly host (of angels)
      • 1843 April,Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, inPast and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.:Charles C[offin] Little andJames Brown, published1843,→OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker):
        Why, Plugson, even thy ownhost is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever!
      • 1955 October 20,J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “chapter 4, The Field of Cormallen”, inThe Return of the King: Being the Third Part ofThe Lord of the Rings […], New York, N.Y.:Ballantine Books, published December 1978,→ISBN:
        All about thehosts of Mordor raged.
      • 1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray,Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page173:
        By Lady Day the Scriptorium was ready to receive the "copying and burrowing" of thehost of readers who had been directed by Furnivall for the past twenty years.
      • 2001, Carlos Parada,Hesione 2,Greek Mythology Link:
        the invadinghost that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
    3. A large number of items; a largeinventory.
      The dealer stocks ahost of parts for my Model A.
      • 1802,William Wordsworth,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud:
        I wandered lonely as a cloud
        That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
        When all at once I saw a crowd,
        Ahost, of golden daffodils;[…]
      • 1836,The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:
        A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in ahost of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture[…]
      • 2018 June 18,Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2England”, inBBC Sport‎[1], archived fromthe original on21 April 2019:
        England ran Tunisia ragged in that spell but were punished for missing ahost of chances whenFerjani Sassi equalised from the penalty spot against the run of play afterKyle Walker was penalised for an elbow onFakhreddine Ben Youssef.
      • 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, inRail, page38:
        In the immediate term, there is ahost of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    multitude of people arrayed as an army
    large number of items

    Etymology 3

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    FromMiddle Englishhost,oist,ost, fromOld Frenchhoiste, fromLatinhostia(“sacrificial victim”).Doublet ofhostie.

    Noun

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    host (pluralhosts)

    1. (Christianity) Theconsecratedbread of theEucharist.
      • 1978, John Lydon, “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
        Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck yourhost? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    consecrated bread—see alsocommunion wafer

    See also

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    Anagrams

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    Catalan

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromOld Catalanost, fromLatinhostis, fromProto-Italic*hostis, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰóstis(“guest, stranger”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host f (pluralhosts)

    1. army,troops

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    References

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    Czech

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    FWOTD – 4 April 2013
    CzechWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediacs

    Etymology

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    Inherited fromOld Czechhost, fromProto-Slavic*gostь.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m anim (female equivalenthostka)

    1. guest
      Host do domu, Bůh do domu.
      A guest into the house, God into the house. (old proverb, meaning: respect should be shown to guests)
      Host a ryba třetí den smrdí.
      Theguest and the fish smell the third day.

    Usage notes

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    The archaic plural instrumental ishostmi.

    Declension

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    Declension ofhost (hard masculine animate)
    singularplural
    nominativehosthosti,hosté
    genitivehostahostů,hostí
    dativehostovi,hostuhostům
    accusativehostahosty
    vocativehostehosti,hosté
    locativehostovi,hostuhostech
    instrumentalhostemhosty

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    Further reading

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    • “host”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
    • “host”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
    • “host”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

    Dutch

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    Etymology 1

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    FromEnglishhost.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m (pluralhosts,diminutivehostje n)

    1. (computing)host
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    host

    1. inflection ofhossen:
      1. second/third-personsingularpresentindicative
      2. (archaic)pluralimperative

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology 1

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    Related tohoste ("to cough").

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host n (definite singularhostet,indefinite pluralhost,definite pluralhostaorhostene)

    1. a singlecoughexpulsion
    Usage notes
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    • Prior to a 2020 spelling revision, this noun was also considered masculine.

    Etymology 2

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    FromEnglishhost.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m (definite singularhosten,indefinite pluralhoster,definite pluralhostene)

    1. (computing)host
    Synonyms
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    Etymology 3

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    Verb

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    host

    1. imperative ofhoste

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Etymology 1

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    Related tohosta,hoste ("to cough").

    Noun

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    host n (definite singularhostet,indefinite pluralhost,definite pluralhosta)

    1. a singlecoughexpulsion

    Etymology 2

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    FromEnglishhost.

    Noun

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    host m (definite singularhosten,indefinite pluralhostar,definite pluralhostane)

    1. (computing)host
    Synonyms
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    Etymology 3

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    Verb

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    host

    1. imperative ofhosta

    References

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    Old Czech

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*gostь.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m pers (female equivalenthosti)

    1. guest
      host pocěstný ―a wayfarer
    2. foreigner

    Declension

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    Declension ofhost (i-stem)
    singulardualplural
    nominativehosthostihostie
    genitivehostihosťúhostí
    dativehostihostmahostem
    accusativehost,hostihostihosti
    vocativehostihostihostie
    locativehostihosťúhostech
    instrumentalhostemhostmahostmi
    This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
    See alsoAppendix:Old Czech nouns andAppendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    Polish

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    PolishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapl

    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishhost.Doublet ofgość.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m inan

    1. (networking)host(computer attached to a network)

    Declension

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    Declension ofhost
    singularplural
    nominativehosthosty
    genitivehostahostów
    dativehostowihostom
    accusativehosthosty
    instrumentalhostemhostami
    locativehościehostach
    vocativehościehosty

    Noun

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    host m pers (female equivalenthostessa)

    1. host,promotionalmodel(person hired to greet customers and guests of a store, hotel, or institution, and advertise goods or provide assistance, giving the necessary information or pointing the way)

    Declension

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    Declension ofhost
    singularplural
    nominativehosthostowie/hości/hosty (deprecative)
    genitivehostahostów
    dativehostowihostom
    accusativehostahostów
    instrumentalhostemhostami
    locativehościehostach
    vocativehościehostowie/hości/hosty (deprecative)

    Noun

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    host m pers

    1. (slang)host(owner of a house, apartment, or guesthouse, as opposed to people renting premises from them)
      Synonym:gospodarz

    Declension

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    Declension ofhost
    singularplural
    nominativehosthostowie/hosty (deprecative)
    genitivehostahostów
    dativehostowihostom
    accusativehostahostów
    instrumentalhostemhostami
    locativehościehostach
    vocativehościehostowie/hosty (deprecative)

    Further reading

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    • host inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • host in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishhost.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m (pluralhosts)

    1. (networking)host(computer attached to a network)

    Slovene

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    Noun

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    hóst

    1. genitivedual/plural ofhọ̑sta

    Spanish

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishhost.Doublet ofhuésped.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    host m orf (pluralhosts)

    1. (computing, Internet)host(any computer attached to a network)
      Synonym:anfitrión

    Swedish

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    Interjection

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    host

    1. cough

    Related terms

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