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hold

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Holdandhołd

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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Derived fromMiddle Englishholden,derived fromOld Englishhealdan,derived fromProto-West Germanic*haldan,derived fromProto-Germanic*haldaną(to tend, herd), maybederived fromProto-Indo-European*kel-(to drive).

Cognates

CompareLatinceler(quick),Tocharian Bkäl-(to goad, drive),Ancient Greekκέλλω(kéllō,to drive),Sanskritकलयति(kalayati,to impel).[1][2]

Verb

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hold (third-person singular simple presentholds,present participleholding,simple pastheld,past participleheldor(archaic)holden)

  1. (transitive) Tograsp orgrip.
    Synonyms:clasp,grasp,grip;see alsoThesaurus:grasp
    Hold the pencil like this.
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., [],→OCLC:
      But then I had the flintlock by me for protection. ¶ There were giants in the days when that gun was made; for surely no modern mortal could haveheld that mass of metal steady to his shoulder. The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window [].
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick andholding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.
    • 2013 September-October,Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, inAmerican Scientist:
      The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone, []. Scribes, illuminators, and scholarsheld such stones directly over manuscript pages as an aid in seeing what was being written, drawn, or read.
  2. (transitive) To contain orstore.
    This packageholds six bottles.
  3. (heading)To maintain or keep to a position or state.
    1. (transitive) To have and keeppossession of something.
      Hold my coat for me.
      The general ordered the colonel tohold his position at all costs.
      • 2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, inGuardian[1]:
        She wasNicolas Sarkozy's pin-up for diversity, the first Muslim woman with north African parents tohold a major French government post. ButRachida Dati has now turned on her own party elite with such ferocity that some have suggested she should be expelled from the president's ruling party.
    2. (transitive) Toreserve.
      Hold a table for us at 7:00.
    3. (transitive) To cause towait ordelay.
      Hold the elevator.
    4. (transitive) Todetain.
      Hold the suspect in this cell.
    5. (intransitive,copulative) To be or remainvalid; toapply (usually in the third person).
      tohold true
      The propositionholds.
      • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift],Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World.[][Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London:[]Benj[amin] Motte, [],→OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput),pages226–227:
        I remember, before the Dwarf left the Queen, he followed us one day into thoſe gardens, and my Nurſe having ſet me down, he and I being cloſe together, near ſome Dwarf Apple trees, I muſt need ſhew my Wit, by a ſilly Alluſion between him and the Trees, which happens tohold in their Language as it doth in ours.
      • 1691, [John Locke],Some Considerations of the Consequences of the Lowering of Interest, and Raising the Value of Money. [], London:[]Awnsham and John Churchill, [], published1692,→OCLC:
        The ruleholds in land as well as all other commodities.
      • 2021 July 20, Masayuki Yuda, “Foodpanda faces backlash after calling Thai protest 'terrorism'”, inNikkei Asia[2], Nikkei Inc, retrieved2021-07-20:
        Free speech is a basic human right thatholds even during a state of emergency.
    6. (intransitive,copulative) To keep oneself in a particular state.
      tohold firm
      • 1921,Ben Travers, chapter 2, inA Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, Page & Company, published1925,→OCLC:
        Mother[]considered that the exclusiveness of Peter's circle was due not to its distinction, but to the fact that it was an inner Babylon of prodigality and whoredom, from which every Kensingtonianheld aloof, except on the conventional tip-and-run excursions in pursuit of shopping, tea and theatres.
    7. (transitive) To imposerestraint upon; tolimit in motion or action; tobind legally or morally; toconfine; torestrain.
    8. (transitive) Tobear,carry, ormanage.
      Heholds himself proudly erect.
      Hold your head high.
      • 1595, William Shakespeare,A Midsummer Night's Dream:
        Let himhold his fingers thus, and through that cranny shall Pyramus and Thisby whisper .
    9. (intransitive, chieflyimperative) Not to move; tohalt; tostop.
      • 1606, William Shakespeare,The Tragedy of Macbeth:
        Lay on, Macduff, and damned him that first crieshold, enough!
    10. (intransitive) Not to give way; not to part or become separated; to remain unbroken or unsubdued.
      • 1623, William Shakespeare,Antony and Cleopatra:
        Our force by land hath noblyheld.
    11. To remaincontinent; to control anexcretory bodily function.
      tohold one's bladder
      tohold one's breath
  4. (heading)To maintain or keep to particular opinions, promises, actions.
    1. (transitive) Tomaintain, toconsider, toopine.
      Synonym:have it
      Sheholds that passive index funds beat actively managed ones: she says that "set it and forget it," when done right, beats playing the market as a gambler.
      • 1602,William Warner, “The Seventh Booke. Chapter XXXVI.”, inAlbions England. A Continued Historie of the Same Kingdome, from the Originals of the First Inhabitants thereof: [], 5th edition, London:[] Edm[und] Bollifant for George Potter, [],→OCLC,page173:
        He neuerhild but gracious thoughts of vvomen, yeat, I vvinne, / The fayreſt She he euer ſavv might quit his thoughts of ſinne.
      • 1776,Thomas Jeffersonet al.,United States Declaration of Independence:
        Wehold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter I, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
        In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned. But he had then none of the oddities and mannerisms which Ihold to be inseparable from genius, and which struck my attention in after days when I came in contact with the Celebrity.
      • 2023,Sufjan Stevens, “Javelin (To Have and To Hold)”, inJavelin:
        It's a terrible thought / To have andhold
    2. (transitive) To bind (someone) to a consequence of his or her actions.
      He washeld responsible for the actions of those under his command.
      I'llhold him to that promise.
    3. To maintain in being or action; tocarry on; toprosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; tocontinue; tosustain.
    4. Toaccept, as an opinion; to be the adherent of, openly or privately; topersist in, as a purpose; tomaintain; tosustain.
    5. (archaic) To restrain oneself; to refrain; tohold back.
      • 1685, John Dryden,Threnodia Augustalis: A Funeral Pindaric Poem:
        His dauntless heart would fain haveheld / From weeping, but his eyes rebelled.
  5. (tennis,ambitransitive) Towin one's ownservice game.
  6. Totake place, tooccur.
    • 1824,James Hogg,The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, Oxford, published2010, page 9:
      He came into the hall where the wedding-festival hadheld […].
  7. Toorganise an event or meeting (usually in passive voice).
    Elections will beheld on the first Sunday of next month.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was beingheld, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
  8. (archaic) To derive right or title.
  9. (imperative) In a food or drink order at an informal restaurant etc., requesting that a component normally included in that order be omitted.
    One ham-and-cheese sandwich;hold the mustard.
    A martini, please, andhold the olive.
  10. (slang,intransitive) To be in possession of illicit drugs for sale.
    • 1933, Goat Laven,Rough Stuff: The Life Story of a Gangster, page122:
      [] first thing clients would say to me would be 'Are youholding?' I'd say yes if we had our supply and no if it was dangerous.
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to grasp
to contain
to keep possession
to reserve
to cause to wait
to detain
to maintain, to consider
to bind to a consequence of one's actions
to be or remain valid
(tennis) to win one’s service game
to organise an event or meeting
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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hold (pluralholds)

  1. Agrasp or grip.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      Old Applegate, in the stern, just set and looked at me, and Lord James, amidship, waved both arms and kept hollering for help. I took a couple of everlasting big strokes and managed to grabhold of the skiff's rail, close to the stern.
    Keep a firmhold on the handlebars.
  2. An act or instance of holding.
    Can I have ahold of the baby?
  3. A place where animals are held for safety
  4. An order that something is to be reserved or delayed, limiting or preventing how it can be dealt with.
    Senator X placed ahold on the bill, then went to the library and placed ahold on a book.
    • 2008, R. Michael Gordon,The Space Shuttle Program: How NASA Lost Its Way, page98:
      Because there were no “launch commit criteria” regarding surface booster temperatures that might cause ahold on the launch, the ice team did not report the temperatures to the launch controllers.
  5. Something reserved orkept.
    We have ahold here for you.
  6. Power over someone or something.
    • 2008, Christopher Clarke-Milton,Dawn of the Messiah - Book 1,→ISBN, page199:
      The Judge accepts the payment, the law no longer has ahold on you, and therefore you are free to walk out of the court a free man or woman.
    • 2013, Wim Wenders, Mary Zournazi,Inventing Peace: A Dialogue on Perception,→ISBN, page107:
      War has ahold on our cultural imaginations as an inevitable force, it is peace that has no benefactor.
  7. Theability topersist.
    • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXVIII”, inIn Memoriam, London:Edward Moxon, [],→OCLC,page45:
      This year I slept and woke with pain,
      ⁠I almost wish’d no more to wake,
      ⁠And that myhold on life would break
      Before I heard those bells again:[]
    • 1982, Laurence Monroe Klauber, Karen Harvey McClung,Rattlesnakes, Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence,→ISBN, page48:
      Despite their seemingly stronghold on life, as indicated by the persistence of movement in decapitation tests, rattlers are relatively frail creatures and are easily killed.
  8. The property of maintaining theshape ofstyledhair.
    • 2004, Zoe Diana Draelos,Hair Care: An Illustrated Dermatologic Handbook, page221:
      Sculpturing gels provide stifferhold than styling gels, which provide better hold than mousses.
  9. (wrestling, self-defense) A position or grip used to control the opponent.
    He got him in a tighthold and pinned him to the mat.
  10. (exercise) An exercise involving holding a position for a set time
  11. (gambling) The percentage the house wins on a gamble, the house or bookmaker's hold.
    The HouseHold on the game is 10,000, this is the amount of decision or risk the house wishes to assume.
    • 2002, "Reality", “The Scorecard For Bookmakers”, in(Please provide the book title or journal name)[3], archived fromthe original on27 April 2015:
  12. (gambling) The wager amount, the totalhold.
    • 2012, Sarah Fortnum, “Melbourne Cup 2012 From The Bookie’s Perspective”, in(Please provide the book title or journal name)[4], archived fromthe original on12 November 2012:
    As of Monday night the total Melbourne Cuphold was $848,015
  13. (tennis) An instance ofholding one's service game, as opposed to beingbroken.
  14. The part of an object one is intended to grasp, or anything one can use for grasping with hands or feet.
    • [1898],J[ohn] Meade Falkner,Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.:Jonathan Cape, published1934,→OCLC:
      So I felt my way down the passage back to the vault, and recked not of the darkness, nor of Blackbeard and his crew, if only I could lay my lips to liquor. Thus I groped about the barrels till near the top of the stack my hand struck on the spile of a keg, and drawing it, I got my mouth to thehold.
    • 1995, Turlough Johnston, Madeleine Halldén,Rock Climbing Basics,→ISBN, page86:
      The beginner will instinctively try to stick his toe straight in in a foothold, which is very tiring on the calf muscles.
  15. Afruit machine feature allowing one or more of thereels to remain fixed while the othersspin.
  16. (video games,dated) Apause facility.
    • 1983, New Generation Software,Knot in 3D (video game instruction leaflet)
      Ahold facility is available; H holds, and S restarts.
    • 1987?, Imagine Software,Legend of Kage (video game instruction leaflet)
      SCREEN 5 — Perhaps the toughest — going like the clappers sometimes works but generally you'll have to be smarter than that. If things get a little too hectic and you don't even have time to reach theHOLD key, try taking a short rest below the top of the stairs.
  17. Thequeueing system on telephones and similar communication systems which maintains a connection when all lines are busy.
    • 2003, Daniel Jackson, Paul Fulberg,Sonic Branding: An Essential Guide to the Art and Science of Sonic Branding, Palgrave Macmillan,→ISBN, page 6:
      Given that there is an average on-hold time of more than five minutes while enquiries are being dealt with, the telephonehold system provided the best opportunity.
    • 2005, Lorraine Grubbs-West,Lessons in Loyalty: How Southwest Airlines Does it : an Insider's View, CornerStone Leadership Inst,→ISBN, page56:
      Even the "on-hold" messages on Southwest's telephone system are humorous, ensuring anyone inconvenienced by thehold is entertained.
    • 2012, Tanner Ezell,Cisco Unified Communications Manager 8: Expert Administration Cookbook, Packt Publishing Ltd,→ISBN:
      Note. After the device downloads its new configuration file, we can test placing a call onhold and the generichold music will be heard.
  18. (baseball) Astatistic awarded to arelief pitcher who is not still pitching at the end of the game and who records at least oneout and maintains a lead for his team.
  19. (aviation) A region ofairspace reserved for aircraft being kept in aholding pattern.
Synonyms
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(exercise):isometric exercise

Derived terms
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Translations
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grasp
reserve
wrestling grip
exercise
percentage that the house wins
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Loading bales of wool into thehold of the barque "Magdalene Vinnen", Sydney 1933

References

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  1. ^Robert K. Barnhart, ed.,Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, s.v. "hold¹" (1988; reprint, Chambers, 2008), 486.
  2. ^D.Q. Adams, "Drive", inEncyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997), 170.

Etymology 2

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Alteration (due tohold) ofhole. Cognate withDutchhol(hole, cave, den, cavity, cargo hold),Dutchholte(cavity, hollow, den).

Noun

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hold (pluralholds)

  1. (nautical,aviation) Thecargo area of aship oraircraft (oftenholds orcargo hold).
    We watched our luggage being loaded into thehold of the plane.
Derived terms
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Translations
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cargo area

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishhold,holde, fromOld Englishhold(gracious, friendly, kind), fromProto-West Germanic*holþ, fromProto-Germanic*hulþaz(favourable, gracious, loyal), fromProto-Indo-European*kel-(to tend, incline, bend, tip).

Cognate withGermanhold(gracious, friendly, sympathetic, grateful),Danish andSwedishhuld(fair, kindly, gracious),Icelandichollur(faithful, dedicated, loyal),GermanHuld(grace, favour).

Adjective

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hold (comparativemorehold,superlativemosthold)

  1. (obsolete)Gracious;friendly;faithful;true.

Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishhold.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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hold(Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. toput somethingon hold; tocausedelay
  2. topossess
  3. toreserve

Related terms

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Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechhold, fromMiddle High Germanhulde (GermanHuld).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hold inan

  1. homage,tribute
    Antonym:úcta
    vzdát/složit někomuholdto paytribute to someone

Declension

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Declension ofhold (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativeholdholdy
genitiveholduholdů
dativeholduholdům
accusativeholdholdy
vocativeholdeholdy
locativeholduholdech
instrumentalholdemholdy

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsehald(grip, power, hold). Also seeholde(to hold), to which it is ultimately related.

Noun

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hold n (singular definiteholdet,plural indefinitehold)

  1. team(group of persons working or playing together)
  2. class(group of students taught together)
  3. distance,side(only with the prepositions orfra and an adjective)
  4. truth
  5. pain(in the muscles)
  6. (rare)hold
Declension
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Declension ofhold
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeholdholdenholdeholdne
genitiveholdsholdensholdesholdnes

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hold

  1. imperative ofholde

German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanholt, fromOld High Germanhold, fromProto-West Germanic*holþ, fromProto-Germanic*hulþaz. Cognates includeGothic𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃(hulþs,clement) andOld Norsehollr ( >Danishhuld).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hold (strong nominative masculine singularholder,comparativeholder,superlativeamholdesten)

  1. (dated,literary,predicative)affectionate,devoted,loyal [withdative‘to someone/something’]
    Synonyms:treu,ergeben,zugetan
    Er blieb ihr immerhold.
    He always remaineddevoted to her.
    Das Glück / Wetter war uns nichthold.
    Luck / The weather was noton ourside.
  2. (archaic,poetic orhumorous)gracious,graceful,comely,dainty
    Ade, duholde Maid!
    Farewell, thougraceful maiden!
    • 1907,Carl Spitteler, chapter 7, inDie Mädchenfeinde:
      Um aber auf deinenholden Kadettengeneral zurückzukommen, so will ich dir, weil du mir dein Geheimnis anvertraut hast, auch etwas Geheimnisvolles verraten […]
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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Positive forms ofhold
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristholdsieistholdesistholdsiesindhold
strong declension
(without article)
nominativeholderholdeholdesholde
genitiveholdenholderholdenholder
dativeholdemholderholdemholden
accusativeholdenholdeholdesholde
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederholdedieholdedasholdedieholden
genitivedesholdenderholdendesholdenderholden
dativedemholdenderholdendemholdendenholden
accusativedenholdendieholdedasholdedieholden
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinholdereineholdeeinholdes(keine)holden
genitiveeinesholdeneinerholdeneinesholden(keiner)holden
dativeeinemholdeneinerholdeneinemholden(keinen)holden
accusativeeinenholdeneineholdeeinholdes(keine)holden
Comparative forms ofhold
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristholdersieistholderesistholdersiesindholder
strong declension
(without article)
nominativeholdererholdereholderesholdere
genitiveholderenholdererholderenholderer
dativeholderemholdererholderemholderen
accusativeholderenholdereholderesholdere
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederholderedieholderedasholderedieholderen
genitivedesholderenderholderendesholderenderholderen
dativedemholderenderholderendemholderendenholderen
accusativedenholderendieholderedasholderedieholderen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinholderereineholdereeinholderes(keine)holderen
genitiveeinesholdereneinerholdereneinesholderen(keiner)holderen
dativeeinemholdereneinerholdereneinemholderen(keinen)holderen
accusativeeinenholdereneineholdereeinholderes(keine)holderen
Superlative forms ofhold
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamholdestensieistamholdestenesistamholdestensiesindamholdesten
strong declension
(without article)
nominativeholdesterholdesteholdestesholdeste
genitiveholdestenholdesterholdestenholdester
dativeholdestemholdesterholdestemholdesten
accusativeholdestenholdesteholdestesholdeste
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederholdestedieholdestedasholdestedieholdesten
genitivedesholdestenderholdestendesholdestenderholdesten
dativedemholdestenderholdestendemholdestendenholdesten
accusativedenholdestendieholdestedasholdestedieholdesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinholdestereineholdesteeinholdestes(keine)holdesten
genitiveeinesholdesteneinerholdesteneinesholdesten(keiner)holdesten
dativeeinemholdesteneinerholdesteneinemholdesten(keinen)holdesten
accusativeeinenholdesteneineholdesteeinholdestes(keine)holdesten

Further reading

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  • hold” inDuden online
  • hold” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Hungarian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Uralic*kuŋe. Cognates includeHungarian(month),Finnish andEstoniankuu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hold (pluralholdak)

  1. moon, naturalsatellite
    A Szaturnusznak a tudomány jelenlegi állása szerint 83holdja van.According to the current state of science, Saturn has 83moons.
    1. (in compounds)lunar
      holdfogyatkozáslunar eclipse
  2. unit of surface area, originally the same asacre, but currently usually indicatingkatasztrális hold, though its different types range from 3500 m² to 8400 m²
    Hyponym:(its most common type, approx. 5755 m²)katasztrális hold

Usage notes

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Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. Forföld(ground, soil)―​Föld(Earth),hold(moon, satellite)―​Hold(the Moon), andnap(day; sun)―​Nap(the Sun), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent:egyenlítő(equator)―​Egyenlítő(Equator),naprendszer(solar system, planetary system)―​Naprendszer(Solar System), andtejút(galaxy,literally “milky way”, butgalaxis andgalaktika are more common)―​Tejút(Milky Way).[5][6][7][8]

Declension

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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativeholdholdak
accusativeholdatholdakat
dativeholdnakholdaknak
instrumentalholddalholdakkal
causal-finalholdértholdakért
translativeholddáholdakká
terminativeholdigholdakig
essive-formalholdkéntholdakként
essive-modal
inessiveholdbanholdakban
superessiveholdonholdakon
adessiveholdnálholdaknál
illativeholdbaholdakba
sublativeholdraholdakra
allativeholdhozholdakhoz
elativeholdbólholdakból
delativeholdrólholdakról
ablativeholdtólholdaktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular
holdéholdaké
non-attributive
possessive – plural
holdéiholdakéi
Possessive forms ofhold
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.holdamholdjaim
2nd person sing.holdadholdjaid
3rd person sing.holdjaholdjai
1st person pluralholdunkholdjaink
2nd person pluralholdatokholdjaitok
3rd person pluralholdjukholdjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

Further reading

[edit]
  • (moon):hold inGéza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
  • (area of 5,755 m²):hold inGéza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsehold, fromProto-Germanic*huldą, fromProto-Indo-European*kol-,*kwol-. Cognate withSwedishhull.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hold n (genitive singularholds,no plural)

  1. flesh
    • Isaiah 40 (Icelandic,English)
      Heyr, einhver segir: "Kalla þú!" Og ég svara: "Hvað skal ég kalla?" "Allthold er gras og allur yndisleikur þess sem blóm vallarins. Grasið visnar, blómin fölna, þegar Drottinn andar á þau. Sannlega, mennirnir eru gras. Grasið visnar, blómin fölna, en orð Guðs vors stendur stöðugt eilíflega."
      A voice says, "Cry out." And I said, "What shall I cry?" "Allflesh are like grass, and all their glory is like the flowers of the field. The grass withers and the flowers fall, because the breath of the LORD blows on them. Surely the people are grass. The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands forever."

Declension

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Declension ofhold (sg-only neuter)
singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativeholdholdið
accusativeholdholdið
dativeholdiholdinu
genitiveholdsholdsins

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Englishhold, fromProto-West Germanic*holþ, a variant on a root meaning ‘lean, incline’ (compareOld Englishheald,hieldan).

Cognates includeOld Frisianhold,Old Saxonhold,Old High Germanhold (Germanhold),Old Norsehollr (Danishhuld,Swedishhuld),Gothic𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃(hulþs).

Adjective

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hold

  1. gracious,friendly,faithful
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Englishhold, fromProto-Germanic*huldą, fromProto-Indo-European*kol-,*kwol-. Cognates includeOld Norsehold(flesh) (Icelandichold,Swedishhull), and (from Indo-European)Old Irishcolainn,Welshcelain.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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hold

  1. carcass,flesh

Related terms

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Descendants

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Verb

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hold

  1. imperative ofholde

Derived terms

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Norsehold. CompareIcelandichold,Danishhuld andSwedishhull. Attested in a magic spell from Setesdal byJ.E. Moe written ashaall.

Noun

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hold n (definite singularholdet,indefinite pluralhold,definite pluralholda)

  1. superficialflesh (including fat)

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Germanic*huldą, fromProto-Indo-European*kol-,*kwol-. Cognates includeOld Norsehold(flesh) (Icelandichold,Swedishhull), and (from Indo-European)Old Irishcolainn,Welshcelain.

Noun

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hold n (nominative pluralhold)

  1. dead body;carcass
    Swā swā grǣdiġe ræmmas ðār ðār hī hold ġesēoþ.
    Like greedy ravens when they see a corpse.
Declension
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Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativeholdhold
accusativeholdhold
genitiveholdesholda
dativeholdeholdum
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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FromProto-West Germanic*holþ, a variant on a root meaning ‘lean, incline’ (compareOld Englishheald,hieldan).

Cognates includeOld Frisianhold,Old Saxonhold,Old High Germanhold (Germanhold),Old Norsehollr (Danishhuld,Swedishhuld),Gothic𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃(hulþs).

Adjective

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hold (comparativeholdra,superlativeholdost)(+ dative)

  1. gracious,loyal,kind
    Swāhold is God mancynne ðæt he hæfþ ġeset his englas us to hyrdum.
    God is sogracious to mankind that he has appointed angels as our guardians.
  2. friendly
    • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Saint Maur, Abbot"
      ...and behēt þæt hē wolde himhold bēon eallum...
      ...and promised that he would befriendly to them all...
Declension
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Declension ofhold — Strong
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeholdholdhold
Accusativeholdneholdehold
Genitiveholdesholdreholdes
Dativeholdumholdreholdum
Instrumentalholdeholdreholde
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeholdeholda,holdehold
Accusativeholdeholda,holdehold
Genitiveholdraholdraholdra
Dativeholdumholdumholdum
Instrumentalholdumholdumholdum
Declension ofhold — Weak
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeholdaholdeholde
Accusativeholdanholdanholde
Genitiveholdanholdanholdan
Dativeholdanholdanholdan
Instrumentalholdanholdanholdan
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeholdanholdanholdan
Accusativeholdanholdanholdan
Genitiveholdra,holdenaholdra,holdenaholdra,holdena
Dativeholdumholdumholdum
Instrumentalholdumholdumholdum
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Old High German

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*holþ. Cognate withOld Englishhold(gracious, loyal, kind),Old Norsehollr.

Adjective

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hold

  1. friendly,loyal

Declension

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This adjective needs aninflection-table template.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Spanish

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Noun

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hold m (pluralholds)

  1. (baseball)hold
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