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hel

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "hel"

Danish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /heːˀl/,[ˈhe̝ˀl]

Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseheill, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz(“whole, sound”), cognate withEnglishwhole,Germanheil,Dutchheel,Gothic𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃(hails).

Adjective

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hel (neuterhelt,plural and definite singular attributivehele)

  1. whole,entire,complete,full(undivided, with all elements)
  2. whole,intact,undamaged(not broken)
  3. thehour,top of the hour(at the start of a new hour)
  4. entire (Used to indicate that an amount is considered large.)
    • 2012, Jan Sonnergaard,Trilogien, Gyldendal A/S,→ISBN:
      Man kan være så frygteligt alene i måneder,hele måneder ad gangen, og gøre stort set alt hvad der står i éns magt for at komme i kontakt.
      One can be so terribly alone for months,entire months at a time, and do practically anything in one's power to get in contact.
    • 2012, Ib Melchior,Spionjæger - en dansk kontraspions bedrifter i den amerikanske hær under 2. verdenskrig, Lindhardt og Ringhof,→ISBN:
      Jeg så en mand, der holdt sin Soldbuch frem til samtlige GI'er, der gik forbi i enhel halv time, og ingen tog notits af ham.
      I saw a man who held out his Soldbuch to every single GI who want past him for anentire half hour, and no one took any notice of him.

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hel

  1. imperative ofhele

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchhelle, fromOld Dutchhella, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

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hel f (pluralhellen,diminutivehelletje n)

  1. (religion, mythology)hell, an infernalafterlife
    Synonyms:poel,jammerpoel
    Ik hoop dat je zal branden in dehel. ―I hope you will burn inhell.
  2. (figurative) a terrible place orordeal
    Hij maakte daarmee haar leven tot eenhel. ―With that he made her life into ahell.
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Probably borrowed fromGermanhell(“shining, very light”).

Adjective

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hel (comparativeheller,superlativehelst)

  2. bright
    Synonym:helder
Declension
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Declension ofhel
uninflectedhel
inflectedhelle
comparativeheller
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialhelhellerhethelst
hethelste
indefinitem./f. sing.hellehellerehelste
n. sing.helhellerhelste
pluralhellehellerehelste
definitehellehellerehelste
partitivehelshellers—

Etymology 3

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Seehal.

Noun

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hel n orf (pluralhellen,diminutivehelletje n)

  1. Alternative form ofhal(“frozen spot”)

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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hel

  1. inflection ofhellen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

References

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  • van Veen, P.A.F.,van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997)Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht, Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie,→ISBN

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsehel, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

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hel f (genitive singularheljar,no plural)

  1. hell (underworld), [[death]

Usage notes

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  • The dativehelju also occurs, mainly in the phraseheimta úr helju.
  • The word is normally not used with suffixed article, but the genitive definite form,heljarinnar, occurs as an intensifier (meaning something like “hell of a”).

Declension

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Declension ofhel (sg-only feminine)
singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativehel—
accusativehel—
dativehel,helju1—
genitiveheljarheljarinnar1

1In set phrases.

Related terms

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Limburgish

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Etymology 1

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From Early Modern Limburgishhèl, fromMiddle Dutchhelle.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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hel f

  1. hell
  2. (figuratively) a bad place to be
    Synonym:verdommenis

Etymology 2

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From earlierhelle.

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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hel (comparativehelder,superlativehels,predicative superlative'thèls)

  1. hard,tough,difficult
  2. hard,rough,pointed
  3. hard,heavy
  4. hard,solid
  5. loud

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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hel

  1. Alternative form ofhele(“health”)

Etymology 2

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Proper noun

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hel

  1. Alternative form ofhelle

Northern Kurdish

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Noun

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hel f

  1. solution

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseheill(“whole, complete”), fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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hel (neuter singularhelt,definite singular and pluralhele)

  1. whole, unbroken
    Hun har ikke røykt på enhel uke.
    She hasn't smoked for awhole week.
    Jeg vet ikke,hele denne greia virker litt risikabel for meg.
    I don't know, thiswhole thing seems a little risky to me.
    Jeg tror ikke han forstår hvorfor, Harry, men han hadde det så travelt med å kveste sin egen sjel at han aldri tok seg tid til å forstå den uforliknelige kraft i en sjel som er uplettet oghel. (from page 463 of the Norwegian translation ofHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince,Harry Potter og Halvblodsprinsen)
    I do not think he understands why, Harry, but he was in such a hurry to mutilate his own soul, he never paused to understand the incomparable power of a soul that is untarnished andwhole. (from page 478 of the original British version ofHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince)
  2. pure,all
    Jeg fikk tak i en genser ihel ull, den blir god å ha når vinteren kommer.
    I got myself apure wool sweater, it'll come in handy when winter arrives.
  3. (used as a noun) it, all of it, the whole/entire thing
    Og det beste ved dethele er at jeg slipper å se deg i to,hele måneder!
    And the best part of it is that I don't have to see you for twowhole months!
Synonyms
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whole, unbroken, pure
Derived terms
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See also terms derived fromheil

Etymology 2

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Verb

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hel

  1. imperative ofhele

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsehel, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”). Cognate withFaroese andIcelandichel.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hel f

  1. death,underworld
    ihel ―to death
  2. (Norsemythology)Hel (therealm of the dead who did not die in combat)
    Synonyms:helheim,daudeheim,dauderike

Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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  • “hel” inThe Ordnett Dictionary
  • “hel” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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hel f

  1. Alternative form ofhell

Declension

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Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativehelhela,hele
accusativehelehela,hele
genitivehelehela
dativehelehelum

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz, fromProto-Indo-European*kéh₂ilos. Cognates includeOld Englishhāl,Old Saxonhēl andOld Dutchheil.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈheːl/,[ˈhɛːl]

Adjective

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hēl

  1. whole

Descendants

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References

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  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009)An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,→ISBN

Old Norse

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*haljō. Doublet ofHel.

Noun

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hel f (genitiveheljar,dativehelju)

  1. (Germanicpaganism) theunderworld, personified the goddess of the same name
  2. (Christianity)Hell

Declension

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Declension ofhel (strongjō-stem)
femininesingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativehelhelinheljarheljarnar
accusativehelhelinaheljarheljarnar
dativehel,heljuhelinni,heljunniheljumheljunum
genitiveheljarheljarinnarheljaheljanna

Note the-u in the dative singular.

Related terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “hel”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

Old Saxon

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-West Germanic*hallju, fromProto-Germanic*haljō, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱel-(“to cover, hide, conceal”).

Noun

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hel f

  1. hell
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Adjective

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hēl

  1. whole,hale
Declension
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Positive forms of hēl
Strong declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativehēlhēlhēlhēle,hēlahēlahēl,hēla
accusativehēlan,hēlenhēlahēlhēla,hēlehēlahēl,hēla
genitivehēles,hēlashēlara,hēlarohēles,hēlashēlaro,hēloro,hēlerohēlaro,hēloro,hēlerohēlaro,hēloro,hēlero
dativehēlumu,hēlum,hēlun,hēlun,hēlon,hēlen,hēlanhēlaro,hēlaru,hēlarahēlumu,hēlum,hēlun,hēlun,hēlon,hēlen,hēlanhēlun,hēlon,hēlumhēlun,hēlonhēlun,hēlon,hēlum
Weak declension
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativehēlo,hēlahēla,hēlehēla,hēlehēlon,hēlunhēlon,hēlun,hēlanhēlon,hēlun
accusativehēlon,hēlanhēlun,hēlon,hēlanhēla,hēlehēlon,hēlunhēlon,hēlun,hēlanhēlon,hēlun
genitivehēlen,hēlanhēlun,hēlan,hēlenhēlen,hēlanhēlono,hēlenohēlonohēlono,hēleno
dativehēlon,hēlen,hēlanhēlun,hēlanhēlon,hēlen,hēlanhēlon,hēlunhēlon,hēlunhēlon,hēlun
Descendants
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Etymology 3

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FromProto-West Germanic*hail, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz, a noun of similar derivation to the above adjective.

Noun

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hēl n

  1. omen
Declension
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hēl (neuter a-stem)
singularplural
nominativehēlhēl
accusativehēlhēl
genitivehēleshēlō
dativehēlehēlun
instrumental——
Descendants
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  • Middle Low German:hēl

Papiamentu

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Etymology

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FromDutchgeel.

Adjective

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hel

  1. yellow

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
Chemical element
He
Previous:wodór (H)
Next:lit (Li)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing fromNew Latinhēlium.

Noun

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hel m inan (related adjectivehelowy)

  1. helium(second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless, and inert noble gas)
Declension
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Declension ofhel
singular
nominativehel
genitivehelu
dativehelowi
accusativehel
instrumentalhelem
locativehelu
vocativehelu
Derived terms
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nouns

Etymology 2

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Perhaps related to Hel”)

Noun

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hel m inan

  1. (Kociewie, Malbork)airy,high place
Alternative forms
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Further reading

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  • hel inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hel in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • hel in PWN's encyclopedia
  • Dr Nadmorski (Józef Łęgowski) (1889) “hel”, in “Spis wyrazów właściwych gwarze malborskiej i kociewskiej”, inWisła. Miesięcznik Geograficzno-Etnograficzny (in Polish), volume3 z.4, page744

Somali

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Verb

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hel

  1. tolike
  2. tofind

Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseheill, fromProto-Germanic*hailaz.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hel (comparativehelare,superlativehelast)

  1. (only attributively) (the)whole
    Hela huset brann ner
    The whole house burned down
    Jag skulle kunna äta enhel elefant
    I could eat anentire elephant
  2. whole (intact, not broken)
    Fönstret ärhelt
    The windowisn't broken
  3. (as a prefix)completely,totally,full,whole

Declension

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Inflection ofhel
Indefinitepositivecomparativesuperlative1
common singularhelhelarehelast
neuter singularhelthelarehelast
pluralhelahelarehelast
masculine plural2helehelarehelast
Definitepositivecomparativesuperlative
masculine singular3helehelarehelaste
allhelahelarehelaste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*selgā, fromProto-Indo-European*selǵ-(“let loose, send”). Cognate withOld Irishselg.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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hel (first-person singular presenthelaf,not mutable)

  1. (North Wales) tosend, todrive, tochase
  2. (North Wales) tocollect, togather
  3. (North Wales) tofrequent, tovisit often

Conjugation

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Conjugation (literary)
singularpluralimpersonal
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
present indicative/futurehelafhelihelahelwnhelwchhelanthelir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		helwnhelithelaihelemhelechhelenthelid
preteritehelaishelaistheloddhelasomhelasochhelasanthelwyd
pluperfecthelaswnhelasithelasaihelasemhelasechhelasenthelasid,helesid
present subjunctivehelwyfhelychhelohelomhelochhelontheler
imperative—helaheledhelwnhelwchhelentheler
verbal nounhel
verbal adjectivesheledig
heladwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms		singularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
futurehela i,
helaf i		heli dihelith o/e/hi,
heliff e/hi		helwn nihelwch chihelan nhw
conditionalhelwn i,
helswn i		helet ti,
helset ti		helai fo/fe/hi,
helsai fo/fe/hi		helen ni,
helsen ni		helech chi,
helsech chi		helen nhw,
helsen nhw
preteritehelais i,
heles i		helaist ti,
helest ti		helodd o/e/hihelon niheloch chihelon nhw
imperative—hela——helwch—

Note:All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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  1. ^R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hel”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianhelle, fromProto-West Germanic*hallju.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hel c (plural[please provide])

  1. hell

Further reading

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  • “hel”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Yola

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishhalle, fromOld Englishhol.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hel

  1. hollow

Derived terms

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References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page45
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