Fromgwar-(“super-”) +andaw(“listen”),[1] either from (or equivalent to)an-(“intensive prefix”) +taw(“silence”)[2] or bymetathesis fromMiddle Welsh*adnaw(“attend to”)[3] cognate withLatinnavus(“active, busy”).
gwrando (first-person singular presentgwrandawaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | gwrandawaf | gwarandewi | gwrendy | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawant | gwarandewir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | gwrandawn | gwrandawit | gwrandawai | gwrandawem | gwrandawech | gwrandawent | gwarandewid | |
preterite | gwarandewais | gwarandewaist | gwrandawodd | gwrandawsom | gwrandawsoch | gwrandawsant | gwrandawyd | |
pluperfect | gwrandawswn | gwrandawsit | gwrandawsai | gwrandawsem | gwrandawsech | gwrandawsent | gwrandawsid, gwarandewsid | |
present subjunctive | gwrandawyf | gwarandewych | gwrandawo | gwrandawom | gwrandawoch | gwrandawont | gwrandawer | |
imperative | — | gwrando | gwrandawed | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawent | gwrandawer | |
verbal noun | gwrando | |||||||
verbal adjectives | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy |
inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwrandawa i, gwrandawaf i | gwrandawi di | gwrandawith o/e/hi, gwrandawiff e/hi | gwrandawn ni | gwrandewch chi | gwrandawan nhw |
conditional | gwrandawn i, gwrandawswn i | gwrandawet ti, gwrandawset ti | gwrandawai fo/fe/hi, gwrandawsai fo/fe/hi | gwrandawen ni, gwrandawsen ni | gwrandawech chi, gwrandawsech chi | gwrandawen nhw, gwrandawsen nhw |
preterite | gwrandawais i, gwrandawes i | gwrandawaist ti, gwrandawest ti | gwrandawodd o/e/hi | gwrandawon ni | gwrandawoch chi | gwrandawon nhw |
imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandewch | — |
inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | gwranda i, gwrandaf i | gwrandi di | gwrandith o/e/hi, gwrandiff e/hi | gwrandwn ni | gwrandwch chi | gwrandan nhw |
conditional | gwrandwn i, gwrandswn i | gwrandet ti, gwrandset ti | gwrandai fo/fe/hi, gwrandsai fo/fe/hi | gwranden ni, gwrandsen ni | gwrandech chi, gwrandsech chi | gwranden nhw, gwrandsen nhw |
preterite | gwrandais i, gwrandes i | gwrandaist ti, gwrandest ti | gwrandodd o/e/hi | gwrandon ni | gwrandoch chi | gwrandon nhw |
imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandwch | — |
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
gwrando | wrando | ngwrando | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.