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grind

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Grindandgrínd

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishgrynden, fromOld Englishgrindan, fromProto-West Germanic*grindan, fromProto-Germanic*grindaną.

Cognate withSaterland Frisiangríende,griene(to grind, mill),Dutchgrinden(to grind,rare) andgrind(gravel, shingle),Albaniangrind(to brawl, fight).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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grind (third-person singular simple presentgrinds,present participlegrinding,simple past and past participlegroundorgrinded) (see usage notes below)

  1. (transitive) To reduce tosmaller pieces bycrushing withlateral motion.
  2. (transitive) Toshape with the force offriction.
    grind a lens;grind an axe
  3. (metalworking) Toremove material byrubbing with anabrasive surface.
  4. (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
    This corngrinds well.
    Steelgrinds to a sharp edge.
  5. To move with much difficulty or friction; tograte.
  6. (sports, intransitive) Toslide the flat portion of askateboard orsnowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
  7. (transitive) Tooppress,hold down orweaken.
  8. (slang, intransitive) Torotate thehipserotically.
    • 1984,Prince, “Darling Nikki”, inPurple Rain, performed by Prince and the Revolution:
      She said, "How'd you like to waste some time?" / And I could not resist when I saw little Nikkigrind
  9. (slang) Todance in asexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
  10. (slang) Torub one's body against another's in asexual way; tofrottage.
    • 2013 February 26, Elizabeth Hoyt,Lord of Darkness: Number 5 in series, Hachette UK,→ISBN:
      She wanted togrind herself against him, wanted to moan, loud and free, wanted to take his hand and make him touch her more firmly.
    • 2016 August 16, Heather McGovern,A Moment of Bliss, Lyrical Press,→ISBN:
      Heground against her until he was muttering curses, his kiss rougher than before.
    • 2017 December 17, Becca Fanning,Shifter Royal Dynasty Vol 1 (Royal BBW Bear Shifter Secret Baby Romance Series), Gizmo Media:
      She keptgrinding until they were both spent: their bliss washing over them entirely.
    • 2020 April 7, Laurelin Paige, Claire Contreras, Sierra Simone, Skye Warren, Annika Martin,Need You Now, Top Shelf Romance LLC:
      This morning, we woke up and made out for a solid forty-five minutes,grinding like teenagers until she came against my thigh.
  11. (video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
    These enemies give lots of loot when killed, so many players fight them togrind for resources.
    The first level of the game is the best place togrind extra lives.
    • 2013, Will Luton,Free-to-Play: Making Money From Games You Give Away, New Riders,→ISBN,page38:
      Similarly, nearly all massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such asDungeons & Dragons Online, featuregrind: Players repeat tasks, or often “quests”, to gain in-game currency to spend on weapons or other ancillary items.
    • 2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, inArs Technica[1]:
      To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have togrind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.
  12. (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.
    togrind an organ
  13. To producemechanically andrepetitively as if by turning acrank.
  14. (computing, dated) To automaticallyformat andindent code.
  15. (slang, Hawaii) Toeat.
    Eh, brah, let's gogrind.
  16. To instill through repetitive teaching.
    Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.
  17. (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; tohustle ordrudge.
    togrindLeetCode
    • 1862, Frederic W. Farrar,St. Winifred's: or the World of School:
      One evening, during evening work, Charlie was trying hard to do the verses which had been set to his form.[] Wilton, whose conduct had been more impertinent than that of any one else, said to Charlie—
      “I say, young Evson, how you aregrinding.”
      “I have these verses to do,” said Charlie simply.
  18. (transitive, slang) Toannoy orirritate (a person); togrind one's gears.
    • 2003, Steven Wunderink,Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page139:
      I need to pontificate on something that reallygrinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”
Usage notes
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  • In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense formgrinded is often used instead of the irregular formground.
  • Historically, there also existed a past participle formgrounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
  • When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense formgrinded is almost always used.
Conjugation
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Strong conjugation (all other senses)
Conjugation ofgrind
infinitive(to)grind
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingulargrindground
2nd-personsingulargrind,grindestground,groundst,groundest
3rd-personsingulargrinds,grindethground
pluralgrind
subjunctivegrindground
imperativegrind
participlesgrindingground,grounden
Weak conjugation (sports, video games, dance move)
Conjugation ofgrind
infinitive(to)grind
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingulargrindgrinded
2nd-personsingular
3rd-personsingulargrinds
pluralgrind
subjunctivegrindgrinded
imperativegrind
participlesgrindinggrinded
Derived terms
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Translations
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to reduce to smaller pieces
to shape with the force of friction
to remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface
to become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction
to move with much difficulty or friction
to slide a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle
  • Finnish:grindata
  • German:grinden
  • Swedish:please add this translation if you can
to oppress, hold down or weaken
slang: to rotate the hips erotically
slang: to dance in a sexually suggestive way
to repeat a task in video games
to operate by turning a crank
to produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank
to instill through repetitive teaching
slang: to eat
to work or study hard
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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grind (countable anduncountable,pluralgrinds)

  1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
  2. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
  3. A specificdegree ofpulverization ofcoffee beans.
    This bag contains espressogrind.
  4. Atedious andlaborioustask.
    Synonym:chore
    This homework is agrind.
    • 1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, inTrains Illustrated, page101:
      Running again in more open agricultural country, the Harrogate line encounters a short downgrade before the stiff uphillgrind to Harrogate begins.
  5. A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
  6. (archaic, slang) One who studies hard.
    Synonym:swot
    • 1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, inThe Naughty-Naughtian,page118:
      If you are at all bright, don't be agrind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.
    • 1911,Sunset, volume27, page440:
      [] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”
      “Oh, I was never much of agrind,” the other cut in hastily.
  7. (uncountable, music)Clipping ofgrindcore(subgenre of heavy metal).
  8. (uncountable, slang)Hustle; hard work.
    I've been on thegrind all week, trying to make ends meet.
    • 2023 September 20, Lucy Ford, “How pop-music's hustle culture anthem was made redundant”, inGQ[2]:
      Everyone has to work, they mourned, and that takes its toll. They weren't glamourising thegrind because they knew their effort didn't match the supposed rewards.
Derived terms
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Translations
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grinded but not fully powdered ones
a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans
a tedious task

Etymology 2

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FromFaroesegrind(pilot-whale meat).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grind (pluralgrinds)

  1. A traditional communalpilot whale hunt in theFaroe Islands.
Synonyms
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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Etymology

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Either a nasal variant ofgrij orgërdhij, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰrendʰ- (compareEnglishgrind,Lithuaniangréndžiu(to scrape, scratch). Same sense development as withgrih.

Verb

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grind (aoristgrinda,participlegrindur)

  1. (transitive) tobrawl, tofight, towrangleover

Conjugation

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Standard Albanian conjugation ofgrind (active voice)
  • Show compound tenses: 

participlegrindur
gerundduke grindur
infinitivepër të grindur
singularplural
1st pers.2nd pers.3rd pers.1st pers.2nd pers.3rd pers.
indicativepresentgrindgrindgrindgrindimgrindnigrindin
imperfectgrindjagrindjegrindtegrindnimgrindnitgrindnin
aoristgrindagrindegrindigrindëmgrindëtgrindën
perfectkam grindurke grindurka grindurkemi grindurkeni grindurkanë grindur
past perfectkisha grindurkishe grindurkishte grindurkishim grindurkishit grindurkishin grindur
aorist IIpata grindurpate grindurpati grindurpatëm grindurpatët grindurpatën grindur
future1do tëgrinddo tëgrindëshdo tëgrindëdo tëgrindimdo tëgrindnido tëgrindin
future perfect2do të kem grindurdo të kesh grindurdo të ketë grindurdo të kemi grindurdo të keni grindurdo të kenë grindur
subjunctivepresentgrindgrindëshgrindëgrindimgrindnigrindin
imperfectgrindjagrindjegrindtegrindnimgrindnitgrindnin
perfecttë kem grindurtë kesh grindurtë ketë grindurtë kemi grindurtë keni grindurtë kenë grindur
past perfecttë kisha grindurtë kishe grindurtë kishte grindurtë kishim grindurtë kishit grindurtë kishin grindur
conditional1, 2imperfectdo tëgrindjado tëgrindjedo tëgrindtedo tëgrindnimdo tëgrindnitdo tëgrindnin
past perfectdo të kisha grindurdo të kishe grindurdo të kishte grindurdo të kishim grindurdo të kishit grindurdo të kishin grindur
optativepresentgrindshagrindshgrindtëgrindshimgrindshigrindshin
perfectpaça grindurpaç grindurpastë grindurpaçim grindurpaçit grindurpaçin grindur
admirativepresentgrindkamgrindkegrindkagrindkemigrindkenigrindkan
imperfectgrindkëshagrindkëshegrindkëshgrindkëshimgrindkëshitgrindkëshin
perfectpaskam grindurpaske grindurpaska grindurpaskemi grindurpaskeni grindurpaskan grindur
past perfectpaskësha grindurpaskëshe grindurpaskësh grindurpaskëshim grindurpaskëshit grindurpaskëshin grindur
imperativepresentgrindgrindni
1) indicative future identical with conditional present2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect

Related terms

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Further reading

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  • grind”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[3],1980

Dutch

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DutchWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedianl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchgrint,grinde, fromOld Dutch*grinda, fromProto-Germanic*grindō(sand, pebbles).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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grind n (uncountable)

  1. (geology)gravel,pebbles,shingle
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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FromGermanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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grind n (uncountable)

  1. (archaic, pathology) the diseasesscabies (human),mange (canine)
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Faroese

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsegrind(gate).

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!

Noun

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grind f (genitive singulargrindar, pluralgrindir)

  1. Aframework
  2. Agrille
Declension
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f2singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindirgrindirnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindirgrindirnar
dativegrindgrindinigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindargrindarinnargrindagrindanna

Etymology 2

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The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (seegrind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English wordground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare GermanGrindwal, Danishgrindehval or Dutchgriend.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singulargrindar, pluralgrindir)

  1. Aschool ofgrindahvalur (pilot whales)
  2. Thetvøst (meat) andspik (blubber) of the pilot whales
  3. The act of pilot whaling,grindadráp
  4. (figuratively) Anunexpectedmeal
Declension
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f2singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindirgrindirnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindirgrindirnar
dativegrindgrindinigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindargrindarinnargrindagrindanna
Descendants
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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Norsegrind.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singulargrindar,nominative pluralgrindur)

  1. lattice,grid,grille
  2. framework
  3. (order theory)lattice
Declension
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Declension ofgrind (feminine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindurgrindurnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindurgrindurnar
dativegrindgrindinnigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindargrindarinnargrindagrindanna

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromFaroesegrind.

Noun

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grind f (genitive singulargrindar,nominative pluralgrindur)

  1. pilot whale
    Synonyms:grindahvalur,marsvín
Declension
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Declension ofgrind (feminine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindurgrindurnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindurgrindurnar
dativegrindgrindinnigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindargrindarinnargrindagrindanna

Anagrams

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Norwegian Bokmål

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NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediano

Etymology

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FromOld Norsegrind.

Noun

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grind f orm (definite singulargrindaorgrinden,indefinite pluralgrinder,definite pluralgrindene)

  1. A hingedgate across a road or path where it is intersected by afence.
  2. Aframework
  3. Agrille

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediann
Lukkgrinda!

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡrɪnd/,/ɡrɪnː/
  • (dialects with palatalization)IPA(key): /ɡrɪɲː/

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Norsegrind.

Noun

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grind f (definite singulargrinda,indefinite pluralgrinder,definite pluralgrindene)

  1. A hingedgate across a road or path where it is intersected by afence.
    Ha attgrinda!
    Closethe gate!
  2. Aframework
  3. Agrille
Inflection
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Historical inflection ofgrind
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
Aasen1GrindGrindiGrindarGrindarna
1901grindarne (grindane)
1917grinda,grindigrindergrindene
1938grinda [grindi]
2012 (current)grindgrindagrindergrindene
  • Forms initalics are currently considered non-standard.
  • Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier.
  • Forms in (parentheses) were allowed underMidlandsnormalen.
  • 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromEnglishgrind

Noun

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grind m (definite singulargrinden,uncountable)

  1. (music)Clipping ofgrindcore.

References

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*grindiz.

Noun

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grind f (genitivegrindar,pluralgrindr)

  1. agate made ofspars orbars
  2. haven,dock
  3. storehouses

Declension

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Declension ofgrind (strongi-stem)
femininesingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindirgrindirnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindirgrindirnar
dativegrindgrindinnigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindargrindarinnargrindagrindanna
Declension ofgrind (strong consonant stem)
femininesingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrindgrindingrindrgrindrnar
accusativegrindgrindinagrindrgrindrnar
dativegrindgrindinnigrindumgrindunum
genitivegrindar,grindrgrindarinnar,grindrinnargrindagrindanna

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “grind”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

Swedish

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SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv
grind istaket [gate in a fence]
trägrind imur [woodengate in a wall]
Would also be called agrind, from similarity to non-solid designs, so not always a hard and fast rule

Etymology

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FromOld Swedishgrind, fromOld Norsegrind, fromProto-Germanic*grindiz, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰrendʰ-.

Noun

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grind c

  1. a (non-solid, like a grid or mesh)gate (in a fence, wall, hedge, or the like)
    köra in genomgrinden i staketet
    drive throughthe gate in the fence
    Glöm inte att stängagrinden
    Don't forget to closethe gate
    grinden tillhagen
    the gate to the pasture
  2. (computing) Agate (logical pathway)
    NAND-grindar
    NANDgates

Declension

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Declension ofgrind
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitegrindgrinds
definitegrindengrindens
pluralindefinitegrindargrindars
definitegrindarnagrindarnas

Derived terms

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See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=grind&oldid=84849958"
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