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grain

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:gráin,gràin,gräin,andGrain

English

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Mixed grain—the harvested seeds
A close-up of wood grain—texture of material

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishgreyn,grayn,grein, fromOld Frenchgrain,grein, fromLatingrānum(“seed”), fromProto-Indo-European*ǵr̥h₂nóm(“grain”).Doublet ofcorn,gram,granum, andgrao.

Noun

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grain (countable anduncountable,pluralgrains)

  2. (uncountable) The harvestedseeds of variousgrass foodcrops eg:wheat,corn,barley.
    We stored a thousand tons ofgrain for the winter.
  4. (uncountable) Similar seeds from any food crop, e.g.,buckwheat,amaranth,quinoa.
  6. (countable) A single seed of grass food crops.
    agrain of wheat
    grains ofoat
  8. (countable, uncountable) Thecrops from which grain isharvested.
    The fields were planted withgrain.
  10. (uncountable) A lineartexture of a material or surface.
    Cut along thegrain of the wood.
    He doesn't like to shave against thegrain.
  12. (countable) A singleparticle of a substance.
    agrain of sand
    agrain of salt
  14. (countable) Any ofvarioussmallunits ofmassoriginallynotionallybased on grain'sweight,variouslystandardized atdifferentplaces andtimes,including
    2. TheEnglish grain of1⁄5760troy pound or1⁄7000pound avoirdupois,nowexactly 64.79891mg.
      Synonym:troy grain
    4. Themetric,carat, orpearl grain of1⁄4caratused formeasuringprecious stones andpearls,nowexactly 50mg.
    6. (historical) TheFrench grain of1⁄9216livre,equivalent to 53.11mg atmetricization andequal toexactly 54.25mg from 1812–1839 as part of themesures usuelles.
  16. (countable, chiefly historical) Any ofvarioussmallunits oflengthoriginallynotionallybased on a grain'swidth,variouslystandardized atdifferentplaces andtimes.
  18. (countable, historical) Thecarat grain of1⁄4carat as ameasure ofgoldpurity,creating a 96-pointscale between 0% and 100%purity.
  20. (materials) A region within a material having a singlecrystal structure or direction.
  22. (astronautics) The solid piece offuel in an individualsolid-fuelrocketengine.
  24. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue,as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent toTyrian purple.
    • 1646 (indicated as1645),John Milton, “Penseroso”, inPoems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth forHumphrey Mosely, […],→OCLC:
      all in a robe of darkestgrain
    • a.1825, Quoted by Coleridge, preface toAids to Reflection:
      […] doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colours of less value, then give them the last tincture of crimson ingrain.
  26. Thehair side of a piece ofleather, or the marking on that side.
    • 1773, Royal Dublin Society,The Art of Tanning and of Currying Leather:
      Thegrain of the leather is also sometimes damaged by the filling , by the taking off the hair , and by the river work.
  28. (in theplural) The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, anyresiduum.
    Synonym:draff
  30. (botany) A rounded prominence on the back of asepal, as in the commondock.
  31. Temper; natural disposition; inclination.
  33. (photography, videography) Visualtexture inprocessed photographic film due to the presence of smallparticles of ametallic silver, ordye clouds, developed from silverhalide that have received enoughphotons.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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harvested seeds of various grass-related food crops
seeds from any food crop
single seed of grain
crops from which grain is harvested
linear texture of material or surface
single particle of a substance
unit of mass notionally based on grain's weight
unit of length notionally based on a grain's width
1⁄4 carat as measure of gold purity
materials: region within a material having a single crystal structure or direction
rocketry: solid piece of fuel
reddish dye made from the coccus insect
hair side of a piece of leather
remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation
botany: rounded prominence on the back of a sepal
temper; natural disposition; inclination
visual texture in processed photographic film
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Verb

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grain (third-person singular simple presentgrains,present participlegraining,simple past and past participlegrained)

  1. (transitive) Tofeed grain to.
    • 1852, Herman Melville,Pierre; or The Ambiguities:
      He said that no man loved his horses, unless his own handsgrained them. Every Christmas he gave them brimming measures.
  2. (transitive) To makegranular; to form into grains.
  3. (intransitive) To form grains, or to assume agranular form, as the result ofcrystallization; togranulate.
  4. Totexture a surface in imitation of the grain of a substance such aswood.
  5. (tanning) Toremove thehair orfat from askin.
  6. (tanning) Tosoften leather.
  7. To yield fruit.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to feed grain to
to make granular
to assume a granular form
to imitate the grain of wood
tanning: to remove the hair or fat from a skin
tanning: to soften leather
to yield fruit

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishgrayn, fromOld Norsegrein(“bough, branch”), fromProto-Germanic*grainiz(“branch, twig, ramification”), of unknown origin. Related toEnglishgrove(“thicket”).

Alternative forms

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  • grane(Scotland, Northern England)

Noun

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grain (pluralgrains)

  1. Abranch of atree; astalk orstem of aplant; anoffshoot.
  2. Atine,prong, orfork.
    1. One of the branches of avalley orriver.
    2. An iron fish spear or harpoon, with a number of points half-barbed inwardly.
      • 4 May 1770, Stephen Forwood (gunner onH.M. BarkEndeavour),journal (quoted by Parkin (page 195)
        Served 5 lb of fish per man which was caught by striking withgrains
    3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
    4. An arm of across.
  3. (founding) A thin piece ofmetal, used in amould to steady acore.
  4. (dialectal) A branch orarm of a stream, inlet, or sea.
  5. (dialectal) A fork in a river valley or ravine.
  6. (dialectal) The branch of afamily;clan.
  7. (dialectal, anatomy) Thegroin;crotch.
  8. (dialectal, anatomy) Thefangs of atooth.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle French, fromOld Frenchgrain,grein, fromLatingrānum, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*ǵr̥h₂nóm.

Noun

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grain m (pluralgrains)

  1. grain
  2. (figurative) a small amount, abit
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Etymology 2

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Perhaps from etymology 1, referring to hailstones.(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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grain m (pluralgrains)

  2. (nautical)squall,thunderstorm
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Verb

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grain

  1. alternative form ofgreynen

Old French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatingrānum.

Noun

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grainoblique singular, m (oblique pluralgrainz,nominative singulargrainz,nominative pluralgrain)

  1. grain(edible part of a cereal plant)
    • c.1120, Philippe de Taon,Bestiaire, line421:
      E quantgrain ad truved de tuz maneres de bled
      When it [the ant] found grain of all manners of wheat

Related terms

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Descendants

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Scots

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishgrayn,greyn,grein, fromOld Norsegrein(“branch, twig”), fromProto-Germanic*grainiz(“branch”).

Noun

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grain (pluralgrains)

  1. (of a tree) Abranch orbough.
  2. (of a plant) Astalk.
  3. (of a fork or trident) Aprong.
  4. Anoffshoot, branch, ormember of anything
  5. (of a cross) Anarm.
  6. (of a family or surname) A branch.
  7. A branch of astream; the arm of aloch.
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