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grafa

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:grāfaandgrāfā

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkraːva/
Rhymes:-aːva

Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsegrafa(“to dig”), fromProto-Germanic*grabaną, fromProto-Indo-European*gʰrābʰ-(“to dig, scratch, scrape”).

Verb

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grafa (strong verb,third-person singular past indicativegróf,third-person plural past indicativegrófu,supinegrafið)

Conjugation

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*grafa* – active voice(*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitivenafnháttur		aðgrafa
supinesagnbót		grafið
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		grafandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	gref	gróf	grafi	græfi
	þú	grefur	grófst	grafir	græfir
	hann, hún, það	grefur	gróf	grafi	græfi
plural	við	gröfum	grófum	gröfum	græfum
	þið	grafið	grófuð	grafið	græfuð
	þeir, þær, þau	grafa	grófu	grafi	græfu

		imperativeboðháttur
singular	þú	graf (þú),grafðu
plural	þið	grafið (þið),grafiði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*grafast* – mediopassive voice(*miðmynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitivenafnháttur		aðgrafast
supinesagnbót		grafist
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		grafandist(rare; seeappendix)

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	grefst	grófst	grafist	græfist
	þú	grefst	grófst	grafist	græfist
	hann, hún, það	grefst	grófst	grafist	græfist
plural	við	gröfumst	grófumst	gröfumst	græfumst
	þið	grafist	grófust	grafist	græfust
	þeir, þær, þau	grafast	grófust	grafist	græfust

		imperativeboðháttur
singular	þú	grafst (þú),grafstu
plural	þið	grafist (þið),grafisti¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*grafinn* — past participle(lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular(eintala)			plural(fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	grafinn	grafin	grafið	grafnir	grafnar	grafin
accusative (þolfall)	grafinn	grafna	grafið	grafna	grafnar	grafin
dative (þágufall)	gröfnum	grafinni	gröfnu	gröfnum	gröfnum	gröfnum
genitive (eignarfall)	grafins	grafinnar	grafins	grafinna	grafinna	grafinna

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular(eintala)			plural(fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	grafni	grafna	grafna	gröfnu	gröfnu	gröfnu
accusative (þolfall)	grafna	gröfnu	grafna	gröfnu	gröfnu	gröfnu
dative (þágufall)	grafna	gröfnu	grafna	gröfnu	gröfnu	gröfnu
genitive (eignarfall)	grafna	gröfnu	grafna	gröfnu	gröfnu	gröfnu

Derived terms

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grafa skurði(“to trench”)
grafa undan(“to undermine”)

Related terms

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gröf

Etymology 2

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From the verbgrafa(“to dig”).

Noun

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grafa f (genitive singulargröfu,nominative pluralgröfur)

anexcavator, adigger;(large machine used to dig holes and trenches)

Declension

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Declension ofgrafa (feminine)
	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	grafa	grafan	gröfur	gröfurnar
accusative	gröfu	gröfuna	gröfur	gröfurnar
dative	gröfu	gröfunni	gröfum	gröfunum
genitive	gröfu	gröfunnar	grafa	grafanna

Derived terms

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keðjugrafa(“trencher”)
traktorsgrafa(“excavator loader”)
vélgrafa(“mechanical excavator”)
víragrafa(“rope-operated excavator”)
vökvagrafa(“hydraulic excavator”)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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grafa

indefinite genitive plural ofgröf

Irish

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Participle

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grafa

past participle ofgraf(“write; draw, sketch; graph, plot, chart”)

Noun

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grafa m sg

genitive singular ofgrafadh

Noun

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grafa m pl

vocative plural ofgraf(“graph, chart”)

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofgrafa
radical	lenition	eclipsis
grafa	ghrafa	ngrafa

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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(grafà)IPA^(key): /ɡraˈfa/

Noun

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grafà f (pluralgrafos) stress pattern 2^[1]

space between twovertical lines;^[1]column^[2]

Declension

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Declension ofgrafà

	singular(vienaskaita)	plural(daugiskaita)
nominative(vardininkas)	grafà	grafos
genitive(kilmininkas)	grafos	grafų
dative(naudininkas)	grafai	grafoms
accusative(galininkas)	grafą	grafàs
instrumental(įnagininkas)	grafà	grafomis
locative(vietininkas)	grafoje	grafose
vocative(šauksmininkas)	grafa	grafos

Synonyms

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skiltis f

References

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↑^1.0^1.1Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (t. I–XX, 1941–2002): elektroninis variantas. Redaktorių kolegija: Gertrūda Naktinienė (vyr. redaktorė), Jonas Paulauskas, Ritutė Petrokienė, Vytautas Vitkauskas, Jolanta Zabarskaitė. Programuotojai: Evaldas Ožeraitis, Vytautas Zinkevičius. – Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005 (atnaujinta versija, 2017). –http://www.lkz.lt.→ISBN
^Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993),Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York:Hippocrene Books.→ISBN

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*graib,*graibō(“branch, group of branches, thicket”), fromProto-Germanic*graibaz,*graibô(“branch, fork”)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɡrɑː.fɑ/,[ˈɡrɑː.vɑ]

Noun

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grāfa m

grove,copse

Declension

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Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	grāfa	grāfan
accusative	grāfan	grāfan
genitive	grāfan	grāfena
dative	grāfan	grāfum

References

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Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “gráfa”, inAn Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[1], 2nd edition, Oxford:Oxford University Press.

Old Norse

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*grabaną.

Verb

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grafa

todig
tobury
toengrave
toenquire (also in middle voice:grafask)
(impersonal) to cause the formation ofpus (in something);suppurate

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofgrafa — active (strong class 6)
	present	past	present	past
infinitive	grafa
present participle	grafandi
past participle	grafinn

	indicative		subjunctive
1st person singular	gref	gróf	grafa	grœfa
2nd person singular	grefr	gróft	grafir	grœfir
3rd person singular	grefr	gróf	grafi	grœfi
1st person plural	grǫfum	grófum	grafim	grœfim
2nd person plural	grafið	grófuð	grafið	grœfið
3rd person plural	grafa	grófu	grafi	grœfi

imperative	present
2nd person singular	graf
1st person plural	grǫfum
2nd person plural	grafið

Conjugation ofgrafa — mediopassive (strong class 6)
	present	past	present	past
infinitive	grafask
present participle	grafandisk
past participle	grafizk

	indicative		subjunctive
1st person singular	grǫfumk	grófumk	grǫfumk	grœfumk
2nd person singular	grefsk	grófzk	grafisk	grœfisk
3rd person singular	grefsk	grófsk	grafisk	grœfisk
1st person plural	grǫfumsk	grófumsk	grafimsk	grœfimsk
2nd person plural	grafizk	grófuzk	grafizk	grœfizk
3rd person plural	grafask	grófusk	grafisk	grœfisk

imperative	present
2nd person singular	grafsk
1st person plural	grǫfumsk
2nd person plural	grafizk