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graf

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:graaf,Graf,gráf,and-graf

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromGermanGraf(count).Doublet ofgraaf andgrave.

Noun

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graf (pluralgrafs)

  1. (uncommon, now historical) AGerman orAustriancount (nobleman).
    • 1843 February, "Graf de Tropp", inFraser's Magazine for Town and Country,volume 27, [books.google.com/books?id=9ZUtAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA200 page 200]:
      Without ceremony, theGraf, on his entering the drawing-room, seated himself at thepiano-forte, and proposed affording his new friends "a leetle example" how music was performed in Hungary.
Coordinate terms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Phonetic respelling ofclipping ofparagraph.

Noun

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graf (pluralgrafs)

  1. (journalism, slang) Aparagraph.
    • 2010 January 27,Matt Taibbi, “Populism: Just Like Racism!”, inTrue/Slant[1], archived fromthe original on2013-01-19:
      Brooks lays out the crux of his case his case in his first threegrafs of his article:
    • 2025 February 13, Joshua Benton, “Trump wants news outlets to get on board with ‘Gulf of America’ — or else. Will they?”, inNieman Journalism Lab[2], Cambridge, Massachusetts:Nieman Foundation for Journalism, retrieved2025-02-13:
      This Wednesday story includes agraf onReuters’ stance:

Etymology 3

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Noun

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graf (uncountable)

  1. Alternative spelling ofgraff(graffiti)
    • 2002, Janice Rahn,Painting Without Permission: Hip-hop Graffiti Subculture, page 7:
      For example, a current trend ingraf is to simulate a three-dimensional effect (see Figure 1.2). No onegraf artist is associated with having developed this method.
    • 2012, P. D. Smith,City: A Guidebook for the Urban Age, page84:
      Naar had been photographing the 'palimpsest of writings and marks on walls' since 1955 and he says his interest ingraf is 'political, in the Greek sense of engagement with the life of the "polis", or city-state'.
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutchgraf andgraft (see the plural).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf (pluralgrafte)

  1. grave

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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graf (aoristgrafa,participlegrafë)

  1. Gheg form ofgrah(to incite; bellow, roar; rattle)[1]

References

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  1. ^Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “graf ~ grah”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page121

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf m (pluralgrafs)

  1. (mathematics)graph

Further reading

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Czech

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graf
graf

Etymology

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Derived fromAncient Greekγράφω(gráphō).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf inan

  1. graph(mathematical diagram)
  2. (graph theory)graph(nodes and edges connecting the nodes)
  3. chart(graphical presentation)

Declension

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Declension ofgraf (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafy
genitivegrafugrafů
dativegrafugrafům
accusativegrafgrafy
vocativegrafegrafy
locativegrafugrafech
instrumentalgrafemgrafy

Derived terms

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Related terms

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See also

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Further reading

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  • graf”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • graf”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

Danish

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Etymology

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FromEnglishgraph.

Noun

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graf

  1. graph, visualization of anequation or afunction
  2. (graph theory)graph

Declension

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Declension ofgraf
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrafgrafengrafergraferne
genitivegrafsgrafensgrafersgrafernes

Derived terms

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Dutch

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DutchWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedianl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchgraf, fromOld Dutch*graf, fromProto-Germanic*grabą,*grabō(grave, trench, ditch).

Noun

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graf n (pluralgraven,diminutivegrafje n)

  1. grave
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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FromFrenchgrave(serious, grave). Most likely influenced by Dutcherg which can mean "serious, grave" as well as "very". The alternative formgraaf(very), also slang, has the same origin and meaning, but stays closer to the original French pronunciation.

Adverb

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graf

  1. (slang, Belgium)very
    Dat is graf duur — That's very expensive

French

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Noun

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graf m (pluralgrafs)

  1. (slang)Clipping ofgraffiti.
    L’usage du tag et dugraf s’affirme d’autant plus comme un pouvoir de communication tribale constituant un code secret.
    The use of tags andgraffiti is establishing itself all the more as a means of tribal communication constituting a secret code.

Further reading

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Icelandic

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Noun

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graf n (genitive singulargrafs,nominative pluralgröf)

  1. graph,chart

Declension

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Declension ofgraf (neuter)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegrafgrafiðgröfgröfin
accusativegrafgrafiðgröfgröfin
dativegrafigrafinugröfumgröfunum
genitivegrafsgrafsinsgrafagrafanna

Indonesian

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IndonesianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaid

Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishgraph.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf (pluralgraf-graf)

  1. (linguistics, typography)graph: Agraphical unit on thetoken-level, theabstracted fundamental shape of acharacter orletter as distinct from itsductus (realization in a particular typeface or handwriting on theinstance-level) and as distinct by agrapheme on thetype-level by not fundamentally distinguishingmeaning
    Synonym:huruf

Related terms

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Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishgraph.

Noun

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graf m (genitive singulargraif,nominative pluralgraif)

  1. graph,chart

Declension

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Declension ofgraf (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeangrafnagraif
genitiveanghraifnangraf
dativeleis anngraf
donghraf
leis nagraif

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Verb

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graf (present analyticgrafann,future analyticgrafaidh,verbal noungrafadh,past participlegrafa)

  1. (ambitransitive, literary)write;draw,sketch
  2. (transitive, mathematics, statistics) graph,plot, chart

Conjugation

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conjugation ofgraf (first conjugation – A)
verbal noungrafadh
past participlegraftha
tensesingularpluralrelativeautonomous
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicative
presentgrafaimgrafann tú;
grafair
grafann sé, sígrafaimidgrafann sibhgrafann siad;
grafaid
aghrafann; aghrafas /
angrafann*
graftar
pastghraf mé;ghrafasghraf tú;ghrafaisghraf sé, síghrafamar;ghraf muidghraf sibh;ghrafabhairghraf siad;ghrafadaraghraf /
arghraf*
grafadh
past habitualghrafainn /ngrafainn‡‡ghraftá /ngraftᇇghrafadh sé, sí /ngrafadh sé, s퇇ghrafaimis;ghrafadh muid /ngrafaimis‡‡;ngrafadh muid‡‡ghrafadh sibh /ngrafadh sibh‡‡ghrafaidís;ghrafadh siad /ngrafaidís‡‡;ngrafadh siad‡‡aghrafadh /
angrafadh*
ghraftaí /ngrafta퇇
futuregrafaidh mé;
grafad
grafaidh tú;
grafair
grafaidh sé, sígrafaimid;
grafaidh muid
grafaidh sibhgrafaidh siad;
grafaid
aghrafaidh; aghrafas /
angrafaidh*
grafar
conditionalghrafainn /ngrafainn‡‡ghrafá /ngrafᇇghrafadh sé, sí /ngrafadh sé, s퇇ghrafaimis;ghrafadh muid /ngrafaimis‡‡;ngrafadh muid‡‡ghrafadh sibh /ngrafadh sibh‡‡ghrafaidís;ghrafadh siad /ngrafaidís‡‡;ngrafadh siad‡‡aghrafadh /
angrafadh*
ghrafaí /ngrafa퇇
subjunctive
presentgongrafa mé;
gongrafad
gongrafa tú;
gongrafair
gongrafa sé, sígongrafaimid;
gongrafa muid
gongrafa sibhgongrafa siad;
gongrafaid
gongraftar
pastngrafainnngraftángrafadh sé, síngrafaimis;
ngrafadh muid
ngrafadh sibhngrafaidís;
ngrafadh siad
ngraftaí
imperative
grafaimgrafgrafadh sé, sígrafaimisgrafaigí;
grafaidh
grafaidísgraftar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofgraf
radicallenitioneclipsis
grafghrafngraf

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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Kashubian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanGraf.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡraf/
  • Rhymes:-af
  • Syllabification:graf

Noun

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graf inan

  1. count
    Synonym:hrabia

Declension

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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafòwie
genitivegrafagrafów
dativegrafòwigrafóm
accusativegrafagrafów
instrumentalgrafãgrafama
locativegrafiegrafach
vocativegrafiegrafòwie

Further reading

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  • Sychta, Bernard (1967) “grafa”, inSłownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 1 (A – Ǵ), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page354
  • Jan Trepczyk (1994) “hrabia”, inSłownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes1–2
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “hrabia”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[3]
  • graf”, inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022

Middle English

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Noun

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graf

  1. Alternative form ofgrave

Norwegian Bokmål

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NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediano

Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishgraph.

Noun

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graf m (definite singulargrafen,indefinite pluralgrafer,definite pluralgrafene)

  1. graph (diagram)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediann

Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishgraph.

Noun

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graf m (definite singulargrafen,indefinite pluralgrafar,definite pluralgrafane)

  1. graph (diagram)

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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Uncertain, lacking cognates in other Germanic languages. Perhaps fromgrafan(to dig), similar todrāf(drove) anddrifan.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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grāf ?

  1. grove

Declension

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This noun needs aninflection-table template.

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^Puppel, S. (2010). Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. Germany: De Gruyter., p. 134-135

Old Spanish

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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graf m orf (pluralgraves)

  1. Apocopic form ofgrave;serious;grave;major
    • c.1200, Almerich,Fazienda de Ultramar,f. 17v:
      e la coſagraf q̃ nã podrã iudgar adugã la aty. e iudgar laas.
      And anygrave matter they cannot judge themselves they will bring to you, so that you may judge it.

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Polishgrof.Doublet ofgrabia andhrabia.

Noun

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graf pers

  1. (historical)count(male ruler of a county)
    Synonyms:grabia,hrabia
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafowie/grafy (deprecative)
genitivegrafagrafów
dativegrafowigrafom
accusativegrafagrafów
instrumentalgrafemgrafami
locativegrafiegrafach
vocativegrafiegrafowie
Derived terms
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adjective
nouns

Etymology 2

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Internationalism; compareEnglishgraph,Frenchgraphe,GermanGraph, ultimately fromAncient Greekγράφειν(gráphein).

Noun

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graf inan

  1. (mathematics)graph
    Hypernym:wykres
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafy
genitivegrafugrafów
dativegrafowigrafom
accusativegrafgrafy
instrumentalgrafemgrafami
locativegrafiegrafach
vocativegrafiegrafy
Derived terms
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adjective

Etymology 3

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Clipping ofautograf.

Noun

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graf inan

  1. (slang)autograph
    Synonym:autograf
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafy
genitivegrafa/grafugrafów
dativegrafowigrafom
accusativegrafgrafy
instrumentalgrafemgrafami
locativegrafiegrafach
vocativegrafiegrafy

Further reading

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  • graf inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • graf in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromFrenchgraph.

Noun

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graf n (pluralgrafuri)

  1. graph
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativegrafgrafulgrafurigrafurile
genitive-dativegrafgrafuluigrafurigrafurilor
vocativegrafulegrafurilor

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromGermanGraf.

Noun

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graf m (pluralgrafi)

  1. count
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativegrafgrafulgrafigrafii
genitive-dativegrafgrafuluigrafigrafilor
vocativegrafulegrafilor

Scottish Gaelic

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Noun

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graf m (genitive singulargrafa,pluralgrafaichean)

  1. graph

Derived terms

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Serbo-Croatian

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Noun

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grȁf m (Cyrillic spellingгра̏ф)

  1. (mathematics)graph
  2. (graph theory) graph

Declension

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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrȁfgràfovi
genitivegrafagrafova
dativegrafugrafovima
accusativegrafgrafove
vocativegrafegrafovi
locativegrafugrafovima
instrumentalgrafomgrafovima

Swedish

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Etymology 1

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FromEnglishgraph, shortened fromgraphicformula.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf c

  1. (mathematics)graph, the set{(x,F(x))}{\displaystyle \left\{(x,F({x}))\right\}}
  2. (graph theory) graph; an ordered set (V,E) of edges which joins to the vertices such that each of the edge's ends is located at a vertex
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitegrafgrafs
definitegrafengrafens
pluralindefinitegrafergrafers
definitegrafernagrafernas
Related terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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graf c

  1. Obsolete spelling ofgrav.
Declension
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Declension ofgraf
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitegrafgrafs
definitegrafvengrafvens
pluralindefinitegrafvargrafvars
definitegrafvarnagrafvarnas

Volapük

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Noun

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graf (nominative pluralgrafs)

  1. count (ruler of a county)

Declension

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Declension ofgraf
singularplural
nominativegrafgrafs
genitivegrafagrafas
dativegrafegrafes
accusativegrafigrafis
vocative1ograf!ografs!
predicative2grafugrafus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=graf&oldid=84300978"
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