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fog

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:FOGandfóg

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Trees in fog

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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Origin uncertain; but probably ofNorth Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation fromfoggy(“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attestedfog(“tall grass”) (see below),[1][2] or from or related toDanishfog(“spray, shower, drift, storm”),[2] related toIcelandicfok(“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”),Icelandicfjúka(“to blow, drive”), fromProto-Germanic*feukaną(“to whisk, blow”), fromProto-Indo-European*pug-(“billow, bulge, drift”), from*pew-,*pow-(“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related toGermanfauchen(“to hiss, spit, spray”).

Noun

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fog (countable anduncountable,pluralfogs)

  2. (uncountable) A thickcloud that forms near the ground; theobscurity of such a cloud.
    Synonyms:haze,mist
    a bank offog
    • 1913,Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, inThe Lodger, London:Methuen,→OCLC; republished inNovels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.:Longmans, Green and Co., […],[1933],→OCLC,page0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out thefog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
    • 2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, inThe New Yorker‎[1]:
      Wallis and Curtiz eventually agreed to shoot Howard Koch’s preferred ending, with distraught Ilse[sic], still in love with Rick, going off with Laszlo to America, and Rick and Louis going off together into thefog. (In Morocco?Fog? Never mind.)
  3. (uncountable) Amist orfilmclouding a surface.
    Synonym:steam
  4. (figurative) A state ofmind characterized bylethargy andconfusion.
    Synonyms:daze,haze
    He did so many drugs, he was still in afog three months after going through detox.
  5. (photography) Asilverdeposit or otherblur on anegative or developed photographic image.
  6. (computer graphics)Distance fog.
Usage notes
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  • To count the sensethick cloud, "bank of fog" is usually used.
  • To count the senseclouding a surface, "foggypatch" is usually used.
Hypernyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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cloud that forms at a low altitude and obscures vision
mist or film clouding a surface
state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion
photography: blur on a developed photographic image
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple presentfogs,present participlefogging,simple past and past participlefogged)

  1. (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
  2. (intransitive) To become obscured incondensation orwater.
    Synonyms:becomecloudy,becomesteamy
    The mirrorfogged every time he showered.
  3. (intransitive, photography) To becomedim orobscure.
  4. (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
  5. (transitive, photography) To spoil (film) via exposure to light other than in the normal process of taking a photograph.
  6. (transitive) Tocover with or as if with fog.
    • 1968,Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, page 7:
      Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area wasfogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.
  7. (transitive) Todisperseinsecticide into (aforestcanopy) so as tocollectorganisms.
  8. (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
    • 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure,Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page46:
      Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is[sic] that if you couldfog a mirror, you could get a loan.
  9. (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.
    Synonyms:blur,cloud,obscure
Derived terms
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Translations
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to become covered with or as if with fog
to become obscured in condensation or water
photography: to become dim or obscure
to cover with or as if with fog
to obscure in condensation or water
to make confusing or obscure
photography: to make dim or obscure

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishfogge(“tall grass”), probably fromNorwegianfogg(“tall, worthless grass”); compareScotsfog(“moss; lichen”).

Noun

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fog (uncountable)

  1. A new growth ofgrass appearing on a field that has beenmowed orgrazed.
    Synonyms:aftergrass,aftermath,eddish
    • 1800, John Lawrenece,The New Farmer's Calendar; Or, Monthly Remembrancer, for All Kinds of Country Business: Comprehending All the Material Improvements in the New Husbandry ... By a Farmer and Breeder[i.e. J. Lawrence]., page114:
      The inclosures offog, or aftergrass, reserved for spring-feed, are now supposed to be shut up, also the burnet, which is never to be fed in autumn ...
  2. (UK, dialect) Tall and decayinggrass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.
    Synonym:foggage
    • 1744, William Agric Ellis,The Modern Husbandman, page104:
      […] and they generally leave a great deal ofFog to rot on the Ground, which, with the Help of his well turned Dung-hill, dress his Ground[…]
  3. (Scotland)Moss.
Derived terms
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Translations
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new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed
tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season
Scottish: moss—seemoss

Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple presentfogs,present participlefogging,simple past and past participlefogged)

  1. (transitive) Topasturecattle on the fog (of), oraftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from (a field).
  2. (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.

Etymology 3

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Compare Old Dutchfocker.

Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple presentfogs,present participlefogging,simple past and past participlefogged)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete) To practice in a small or mean way; topettifog.
    • a.1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Counter Scuffle”, inThe Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume(please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published1760,→OCLC:
      Where wouldst thoufog to get a fee?

References

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  1. ^“fog”, inDictionary.com Unabridged,Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ↑2.02.1Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “fog”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

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Hungarian

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(1)fogja a kormányt
(3) bagoly egeretfogott

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Ugric*puŋɜ-(“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates includeNorthern Mansiпувуӈкве(puvuňkve).[1][2]

Verb

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fog

  2. (transitive) tohold(to keep in one’s hands)
    • 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, inGyalog Juli‎[2]:
      Valaki ült is mellette,fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.
      Somebody was sitting next to her,held her hand, but somehow she couldn’t see his face.
  3. (transitive) totake(to get into one’s hands)
    • 1885,Mór Jókai, chapterXXIII, inA lőcsei fehér asszony:
      Itt van,fogd ezt a levelet; és aztán olvasd el, mikor egyedül leszesz.
      Here,take this letter; read it when you’re alone.
  4. (transitive) tocatch, tocapture(to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
    • 1969, “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in Tekla Dömötör, editor,A mesemondó szikla‎[3]:
      Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halatfogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.
      When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he hadcaught enough fish and decided to go home.
  5. (transitive, broadcasting) toreceive(to detect a signal from a transmitter)
    • 1996, István Kamarás,István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, inOrigósdi‎[4]:
      Egyébként egészen jól lehetettfogni az adást.
      As a matter of fact, Ireceived the broadcast quite clearly.
    • 2010,Andrea Tompa,A hóhér háza, 2nd edition, Budapest:Libri Kiadó, published2015,→ISBN, page 5:
      […] azóta minden este otthon a régi VEF-en a Kossuthot próbáltákfogni – a határokat már lezárták, kívülről nem jöhetett segítség –, így amint meghallotta az egyre ütemesebb és összehangoltabb utcai kiabálást, tudta, hogy ez már nem afféle tét nélküli kóruspróba[…]
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
  6. (transitive, by extension, slang) tolisten to, tohear, tounderstand(to pay attention to someone)
    • 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, inKörbe ég‎[5]:
      Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?
      Do youhear what I’m sayin’? Are you out of your mind?
  7. (ambitransitive followed byrajta) toaffect, toharm(to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
    • 1971,Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, inA fehér tigris‎[6]:
      Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nemfogja a golyó.
      Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn’tharm it.
  8. (intransitive) towrite(of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
    • 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, inMi lenne velem nélkülem?‎[7]:
      Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nemfogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.
      It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn’twrite, and she started shaking it.
  9. (transitive) tocut(of a tool: to exert its effect on the material used in performing a task)
    A kést akkor kell megélezni, amikor már nemfog úgy, mint azelőtt.
    The knife should be sharpened when it no longer cuts like it did before.
    Az eke jólfogja a földet.
    The plowcuts/grips the ground well.
  10. (intransitive) totransfer(of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
    • 1980, Károly Gombos, “Régi kaukázusi azerbajdzsán szőnyegek”, inMűvészettörténeti Értesítő‎[8], volume29, number 1:
      A rossz festékekkel megfestett újabb szőnyegeken a kék színekfognak, mosás közben kék színt eresztenek [...]
      In newer carpets dyed with poor dyes, the blue colorstransfer, they bleed blue color when being washed [...]
  11. (transitive, ball games) tomark(to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
    • 1960, György Cseuz, “Csak a Csepel Autó nyert”, inPest Megyei Hírlap‎[9], volume 4, number139:
      Csikós I nemfogta a balösszekötőt, az kiugrott és gólt lőtt.
      Csikós I didn’tmark the inside left, who sprang forward and scored a goal.
  12. (auxiliary, with aninfinitive, only in present indicative)will,going to(used to form the future tense)
    • 1924,Margarete Böhme, translated by Elza Pogány,Egy mozgalmas élet története‎[10]:
      Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esnifog.
      But now we’d better go home quickly, because it’sgoing to rain soon.
  13. (reflexively, asfogjamagát, with definite conjugation) toup and(to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
    • 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, inCsalapinta villanytörpék‎[11]:
      Fogta magát és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.
      He justup and ran off into his room without a word.
Conjugation
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Conjugation offog
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.fogokfogszfogfogunkfogtokfognak
def.fogomfogodfogjafogjukfogjátokfogják
2nd objfoglak
pastindef.fogtamfogtálfogottfogtunkfogtatokfogtak
def.fogtamfogtadfogtafogtukfogtátokfogták
2nd objfogtalak
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.fogni fog.
archaic
preterite		indef.fogékfogálfogafogánkfogátokfogának
def.fogámfogádfogáfogánkfogátokfogák
2nd objfogálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.fog vala,fogott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.fogandokfogandaszfogandfogandunkfogandotokfogandanak
def.fogandomfogandodfogandjafogandjukfogandjátokfogandják
2nd objfogandalak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.fognékfognálfognafognánkfognátokfognának
def.fognámfognádfognáfognánk
(or fognók)		fognátokfognák
2nd objfognálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.fogott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.fogjakfogj or
fogjál		fogjonfogjunkfogjatokfogjanak
def.fogjamfogd or
fogjad		fogjafogjukfogjátokfogják
2nd objfogjalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.fogott légyen
infinitivefognifognomfognodfogniafognunkfognotokfogniuk
other
forms		verbal nounpresent part.past part.future part.adverbial participlecausative
fogásfogófogottfogandófogva (fogván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
Potential conjugation offog
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.foghatokfoghatszfoghatfoghatunkfoghattokfoghatnak
def.foghatomfoghatodfoghatjafoghatjukfoghatjátokfoghatják
2nd objfoghatlak
pastindef.foghattamfoghattálfoghatottfoghattunkfoghattatokfoghattak
def.foghattamfoghattadfoghattafoghattukfoghattátokfoghatták
2nd objfoghattalak
archaic
preterite		indef.foghatékfoghatálfoghatafoghatánkfoghatátokfoghatának
def.foghatámfoghatádfoghatáfoghatánkfoghatátokfoghaták
2nd objfoghatálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.foghat vala,foghatott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.foghatandok
or fogandhatok		foghatandasz
or fogandhatsz		foghatand
or fogandhat		foghatandunk
or fogandhatunk		foghatandotok
or fogandhattok		foghatandanak
or fogandhatnak
def.foghatandom
or fogandhatom		foghatandod
or fogandhatod		foghatandja
or fogandhatja		foghatandjuk
or fogandhatjuk		foghatandjátok
or fogandhatjátok		foghatandják
or fogandhatják
2nd objfoghatandalak
or fogandhatlak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.foghatnékfoghatnálfoghatnafoghatnánkfoghatnátokfoghatnának
def.foghatnámfoghatnádfoghatnáfoghatnánk
(or foghatnók)		foghatnátokfoghatnák
2nd objfoghatnálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.foghatott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.foghassakfoghass or
foghassál		foghassonfoghassunkfoghassatokfoghassanak
def.foghassamfoghasd or
foghassad		foghassafoghassukfoghassátokfoghassák
2nd objfoghassalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.foghatott légyen
infinitive(foghatni)(foghatnom)(foghatnod)(foghatnia)(foghatnunk)(foghatnotok)(foghatniuk)
other
forms		positive adjectivenegative adjectiveadverbial participle
foghatófoghatatlan(foghatva /foghatván)
Derived terms
[edit]

Expressions

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Uralic*piŋe. Cognates includeNorthern Mansiпуӈк(puňk),Erzyaпей(pej),Finnishpii.

Noun

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fog (pluralfogak)

  2. (anatomy)tooth
    Ez afog lyukas. ―Thistooth has a cavity.
  3. tooth,cog
    Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34fog van.
    There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.
  4. tooth(a sharpprojection on asaw or similar implement)
    A fűrész egyikfoga hiányzik. ―One of the saw’steeth is missing.
Declension
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Inflection (stem in-a-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativefogfogak
accusativefogatfogakat
dativefognakfogaknak
instrumentalfoggalfogakkal
causal-finalfogértfogakért
translativefoggáfogakká
terminativefogigfogakig
essive-formalfogkéntfogakként
essive-modal——
inessivefogbanfogakban
superessivefogonfogakon
adessivefognálfogaknál
illativefogbafogakba
sublativefografogakra
allativefoghozfogakhoz
elativefogbólfogakból
delativefogrólfogakról
ablativefogtólfogaktól
non-attributive
possessive – singular		fogéfogaké
non-attributive
possessive – plural		fogéifogakéi
Possessive forms offog
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.fogamfogaim
2nd person sing.fogadfogaid
3rd person sing.fogafogai
1st person pluralfogunkfogaink
2nd person pluralfogatokfogaitok
3rd person pluralfogukfogaik
Derived terms
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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^Entry #1830 inUralonet, online Uralic etymological database of theHungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^fog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN.  (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Further reading

[edit]
  • (to hold, catch):fog in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
  • (tooth, cog):fog in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Old English

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Etymology

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Comparefēġan(“to join”).

Noun

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fōg m

  1. ajoining,joint

References

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Swedish

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Noun

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fog n(not commonly inflected)

  1. Validcause, validreason.
    Har hanfog för sina anklagelser?
    Are his accusations made ongood grounds? / Is hejustified in his accusations?
    Hon harfog för sin oro.
    She hasreason to be worried.
  2. (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.

Derived terms

[edit]

Noun

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fog c

  1. joint,seam
    Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren.
    The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.

Declension

[edit]
Declension offog
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitefogfogs
definitefogenfogens
pluralindefinitefogarfogars
definitefogarnafogarnas

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
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