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fish

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Fish,FISH,andThe Fish
Languages (2)
English
Middle English
Page categories

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Picture dictionary
fish
fish
carp
carp
carp
eel
eel
eel
goldfish
goldfish
goldfish
herring
herring
herring
mackerel
mackerel
mackerel
salmon
salmon
salmon
sardine
sardine
sardine
shark
shark
shark
trout
trout
trout
tuna
tuna
tuna

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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  • FromMiddle Englishfisch, fromOld Englishfisċ(“fish”), fromProto-West Germanic*fisk, fromProto-Germanic*fiskaz(“fish”), fromProto-Indo-European*peysk-(“fish”).

    Cognates

    Cognate withYolawish(“fish”),North Frisianfasch,fask,Fesk(“fish”),Saterland FrisianFisk(“fish”),West Frisianfisk(“fish”),Cimbrianbiss,visch,viss(“fish”),Dutchvis,visch(“fish”),Dutch Low Saxon,Mòchenovisch(“fish”),GermanFisch(“fish”),German Low GermanFösch(“fish”),LuxembourgishFësch(“fish”),Yiddishפֿיש(fish,“fish”),Danish,Elfdalian,Norwegian Bokmål,Norwegian Nynorsk andSwedishfisk(“fish”),Faroese,Icelandicfiskur(“fish”),Gothic𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃(fisks,“fish”),Crimean Gothicfisct(“fish”). CompareIrishiasc(“fish”),Latinpiscis(“fish”).

    Noun

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    fish (countable anduncountable,pluralfishorfishes)

    2. (countable) A typicallycold-bloodedvertebrateanimal that lives inwater, moving with the help offins and breathing withgills.
      Salmon is afish.
      The fishmonger sellsfishes from all over the world.
      Ichthyologists study thefish of the world.
      We have manyfish in our aquarium.
    3. (zoology) Aparaphyletic grouping of the following taxonomic groups:
      1. Ajawless fish (paraphyletic infraphylumAgnatha).
      2. In infraphylumGnathostomata:
        1. Acartilaginous fish (classChondrichthyes).
        2. Abony fish (cladeOsteichthyes), includingtetrapods.
        3. Aplacoderm (paraphyletic class †Placodermi).
        4. Aspiny shark (paraphyletic class †Acanthodii)
    4. (archaic or loosely) Any animal (or anyvertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
      • 1774,Oliver Goldsmith,History of the Earth and Animated Nature, volume IV:
        The whale, the limpet, the tortoise and the oyster… as men have been willing to give them all the name offishes, it is wisest for us to conform.
      • 1851,Herman Melville,Moby-Dick‎[1]:
        Be it known that, waiving all argument, I take the good old fashioned ground that the whale is afish, and call upon holy Jonah to back me.
      1. Now used in combination: (e.g.,starfish,cuttlefish,jellyfish, etc).
    5. (Newfoundland)Cod;codfish.
    6. (uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.
      The seafood pasta had lots offish but not enough pasta.
      Though Lena is a vegetarian, she doesn't have any problem with eatingfish.
      • 2012 March, “Flexing your brain”, inConsumer Reports on Health, volume24, number 3, page 9:
        Include low-mercuryfish in your diet (such as salmon) and eat at least five servings a day of fruit and vegetables, especially dark leafy greens, broccoli, and cauliflower. Avoid saturated and trans fats, which may hasten brain aging.
    7. (Roman Catholicism) Anaquatic orsemiaquaticanimal suitable forconsumption duringfasting onFridays duringLent.
      • 2017 April 7, sjchurchadmin,Saint Joachim Catholic Church‎[2]:
        Since the semi-aquatic beaver was a skilled swimmer, the Church declared it to be afish for dietary purposes.
      • 2023 February 20, William Taylor Potter,The Daily Advertiser‎[3]:
        Throughout the Catholic Church's long history, archbishops and other prominent church leaders have made numerous declarations about which animals can be considered "fish for the purposes of Lent, even if those animals have virtually no similarities to fish in a scientific sense.
      • 2023 March 9, Jessie Molloy,Tasting Table‎[4]:
        During the 17th and 18th centuries, Catholics around the world began to liberally interpret "fish" as any aquatic-based creature, despite blood temperature, and created local meat exceptions that remain in place today.
    8. (uncountable) Acardgame in which theobject is to obtain cards in pairs or sets of four (depending on the variation), by asking the other players for cards of a particularrank.
    9. (countable, slang) An easy victim forswindling.
    10. (countable, pokerslang) A badpoker player. Compareshark (a good poker player).
    11. (countable, nautical) Amakeshiftoverlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.
    12. (nautical) Apurchase used to fish theanchor.
    13. (countable, nautical, military, slang) Atorpedo(self-propelled explosive device).
      • 1977,Richard O'Kane,Clear the Bridge: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang, Ballantine Books, published2003, page344:
        The second and thirdfish went to the middle of her long superstructure and under her forward deck.
      • 1999, John Winton,The Submariners: Life in British Submarines 1901-1999, page114:
        As we came off patrol we had some torpedoes fired at us by an enemy submarine but we dived out of the way. About April 10 we fired ourfish in two salvoes at a convoy.
    14. (cartomancy) The thirty-fourthLenormand card.
    15. (uncountable, slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes positive) A (feminine)woman.[1](See alsofishy.)
    16. (prisonslang) Anew (usuallyvulnerable)prisoner.
      • 1986 April 19, Michael Rathbone, “Tell Someone”, inGay Community News, page 4:
        When a young male enters the prison system he is looked over and is labeled aFISH.
    17. (Jamaica, offensive, derogatory) Amalehomosexual; agayman.
      • 2007, “Touch The Road” (track 18), inGangsta for Life: The Symphony of David Brooks, performed byMavado (singer):
        Him father is afish so mi know say it's sprat dat
        His father is ahomosexual, so I know that he is too.
      • 2021 August 4, “Street Cred”‎[5]performed by Skeng:
        Bere gunman deh ya we nuh frenfish (hey bwoy)
        Lots of gunmen are here, we don't befriendgay men (hey boy)
    18. (LGBTQslang, sometimesproblematic) Adrag queen ortransgender woman who looks like acisgender woman.
    20. (cellular automata, rare) Aspaceship.
    Usage notes
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    • The collective plural offish is normallyfish in the UK, except in archaic texts wherefishes may be encountered; in the US,fishes is encountered as well, but much less commonly. When referring to two or more kinds of fish, the plural isfishes.
    Synonyms
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    Hyponyms
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    Derived terms
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    Related terms
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    Descendants
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    Translations
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    Seefish/translations § Noun.

    Etymology 2

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    Deverbal fromto fish (etymology 3).

    Noun

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    fish (pluralfishes)

    1. A period of time spent fishing.
      Thefish at the lake didn't prove successful.
    2. An instance of seeking something.
      Merely twofishes for information told the whole story.

    Etymology 3

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    FromOld Englishfiscian, fromProto-West Germanic*fiskōn, fromProto-Germanic*fiskōną.

    Cognates

    Cognate withSaterland Frisianfiskje(“to fish”),Dutchvissen(“to fish”),Germanfischen(“to fish”),Limburgishvésche,vèsse(“to fish”),Luxembourgishfëschen(“to fish”),Danish,Norwegian Bokmål andNorwegian Nynorskfiske(“to fish”),Faroese,Icelandic andSwedishfiska(“to fish”),Gothic𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽(fiskōn,“to fish”).

    Verb

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    fish (third-person singular simple presentfishes,present participlefishing,simple past and past participlefished)

    1. (intransitive, transitive) Tohunt fish or otheraquatic animals in abody of water, or tocollectcoral orpearls from the bottom of thesea.
      We wentfishing for crabs by the pier.
      She went to the river tofish for trout.
      • 19th c., anonymous, "The Bonny Ship the 'Diamond'"
        It's cheer up, my lads, let your hearts never fail,
        For the bonny ship the Diamondgoes a-fishing for the whale.
      • 1828, Sir Walter Scott, chapter V, inThe Fair Maid of Perth‎[6], page133:
        Thou hastfished salmon a thousand times, and mightst have taken a lesson.
    2. (transitive) To search (a body of water) for something other than fish.
      Theyfished the surrounding lakes for the dead body.
    3. (fishing, transitive) To use asbait when fishing.
      • 1983,The Fisherman Who Laughed, page40:
        `What you need are frogs,' said the veteran. `Fish them at night. There's nothing like them on big cork floats.'
    4. (intransitive) To (attempt to) find or get hold of an object by searching among other objects.
      Synonym:rummage
      Why are youfishing through my things?
      He wasfishing for the keys in his pocket.
    5. (intransitive, followed by "for" or "around for") To talk to people in an attempt to get them to say something, or seek to obtain something byartifice.
      The detective visited the local pubsfishing around for more information.
      The actors loitered at the door,fishing for compliments.
      • 1820,Percy Bysshe Shelley,Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:
        Laoctonos isfishing for a compliment,
        But ’tis his due. Yes, you have drunk more wine,
        And shed more blood, than any man in Thebes.
    6. (intransitive, cricket) Of abatsman, toattempt to hit a balloutside offstump andmiss it.
    7. (nautical, transitive) To repair (a spar or mast) by fastening abeam or other long object (often called a fish) over the damaged part (seeNoun above).
      • 1970, James Henderson,The Frigates, an account of the lesser warships of the wars from 1793 to 1815, Wordsworth, published1998, page143:
        […] the crew were set to replacing and splicing the rigging andfishing the spars.
    8. (nautical, transitive) To hoist the flukes of.
      • 1860,Accounts and Papers of the House of Commons, page214:
        Found that the cause of the ship's having drifted on the night of the 19th, was from the bight of the chain span (used tofish the anchor,) having slipped between the shank and upper fluke, thereby preventing the lower fluke from opening[…]
    9. (transitive) To draw or guide (a wire or cable) by means offish tape.
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    to catch fish or aquatic animals
    transitive: to try to find something in a body of water
    to attempt to find by searching among other objects
    to attempt to obtain information by talking to people
    cricket: to attempt to hit outside off stump and miss
    to attempt to gain something
    nautical: to repair by beam or similar long object

    Etymology 4

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    Borrowed fromFrenchfiche(“peg, mark”).

    Noun

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    fish (pluralfishes)

    1. (obsolete) Acounter, used in variousgames.

    References

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    1. ^Reuben, David R. (1969), chapter 8, inEverything you always wanted to know about sex but were too afraid to ask, New York: David McKay Company, Inc., published1970,→LCCN, Homosexuals have their own language?, page145: “FISH: woman (contemptuously)”

    Further reading

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    Middle English

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    Noun

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    fish

    1. alternative form offisch
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