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fire

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:FIREandfíre

English

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A largefire (3)
A small fire from alighter (2)
The fire of a stationary minigun (7)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishfyr, fromOld Englishfȳr(fire), fromProto-West Germanic*fuir, from*fuïr, a regularised form ofProto-Germanic*fōr(fire), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*péh₂wr̥.

Cognates

See alsoScotsfeier,fyre(fire),Yolavier,vire(fire),Saterland FrisianFjuur,Fjúur(fire),West Frisianfjoer(fire),Alemannic GermanFüür(fire),BavarianFeia(fire),Central FranconianFauer,Feier,Füür(fire),Cimbrianbôar,vaür,vôar(fire),Dutchvier,vuur(fire),GermanFeuer(fire),German Low GermanFüer,Füür(fire),LuxembourgishFeier(fire),Mòchenovaier(fire),Vilamovianfaojer(fire),West Flemishvier(fire),Yiddishפֿײַער(fayer,fire),Danish,Norwegian Bokmål,Norwegian Nynorsk andSwedishfyr(fire),Icelandicfuni(fire),Gothic𐍆𐍉𐌽(fōn,fire). Also, compareArmenianհուր(hur,fire),Greekπυρ(pyr,fire),Latinpūrgō(to clean, cleanse, clear, purge, purify),Umbrian𐌐𐌉𐌓(pir,fire),Bulgarianфир(fir,ooze, pickle, soak),Polishperz(smoke),Hittite𒉺𒄴𒄯(paḫḫur,fire),Luwian𒉺𒀀𒄷𒌋𒌨(pāhūr,fire),Tocharian A/Bpor/puwar(fire). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart wasProto-Indo-European*h₁n̥gʷnis (seeignite). Cognate topyre.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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fire (countable anduncountable,pluralfires)

  1. (uncountable) A (usually self-sustaining)chemicalreaction involving thebonding ofoxygen withcarbon or otherfuel, with the production ofheat and the presence offlame orsmouldering.
  2. (countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as acampfire or ahearth fire).
    We sat about thefire singing songs and telling tales.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      We toted in the wood and got thefire going nice and comfortable. Lord James still set in one of the chairs and Applegate had cabbaged the other and was hugging the stove.
  3. (countable) The occurrence, oftenaccidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.
    There was afire at the school last night and the whole place burned down.
    During hot and dry summers manyfires in forests are caused by regardlessly discarded cigarette butts.
    • 2020 January 1, Bernard Lagan, “Thousands flee to beaches as the flames close in”, inThe Times, number73,044, page24:
      Efforts to fight thefires in New South Wales and Victoria were hampered as largefires converged and created their own violent weather systems. Thefire created dry lightning storms so severe that planes had to be grounded.
  4. (uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of theClassical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
  5. (countable, British) Aheater orstove used in place of a real fire (such as anelectric fire).
  6. (countable) The elements necessary to start a fire.
    Thefire was laid and needed to be lit.
  7. (uncountable) Thebullets or otherprojectiles fired from agun or otherranged weapon.
    Thefire from the enemy guns kept us from attacking.
  8. (countable) A planned bombardment byartillery or similar weapons, or the capability to deliver such.
    We dominated the battlespace with ourfires.
  9. (countable, African-American Vernacular, slang) Afirearm.
    • 2023 June 23, “Special K” (track 7), inBLP Kosher (lyrics),Bars Mitzva[1],2:01:
      I used to work at Five Below but now I keep that fire below
  10. (countable, figurative) Abarrage,volley
    • 1911, James George Frazer,The Golden Bough, volume 7, page136:
      In the district of Erfurt a very heavy sheaf [...] is called the Great Mother, and is carried on the last waggon to the barn, where all hands lift it down amid afire of jokes.
  11. (astronautics) An instance offiring one or morerocketengines.
  12. Strength of passion, whether love or hate.
  13. Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm.
    • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope],An Essay on Criticism, London: [] W[illiam] Lewis []; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor [], T[homas] Osborn[e] [], and J[ohn] Graves [],→OCLC:
      And bless their critic with a poet'sfire.
    • 1991 December 15, Michael Halberstadt, “Queer Proposals?”, inGay Community News, volume19, number22, page 5:
      Attendance of QN meetings has been dwindling, and the creativefire drained from the organization by the dead hand of wannabe bureaucrats bend[sic] on thought control. The action has long since been elsewhere.
  14. Splendour;brilliancy;lustre; hence, astar.
  15. Aseveretrial; anything inflaming or provoking.
  16. Redcoloration in a piece ofopal.
  17. (gemology) Thecapacity of agemstone, especially afaceted,cut gemstone, that istransparent tovisible light, todispersewhite light into itsmultispectral component parts, resulting in aflash of differentcolors, therichness anddispersion of which increases the gemstone'svalue.
    • 2009 December, Al Gilbertson, Benjamin Gudlewski, Mary Johnson, George Maltezos, Axel Scherer, James Shigley, “Cutting Diffraction Gratings to Improve Dispersion (“Fire”) in Diamonds”, inGems & Gemology[2], volume45, number 4, Gemological Institute of America,→DOI, archived fromthe original on30 July 2024, pages260–270:
      In other words, the more times a light ray reflects within a diamond, the greater the separation of the spectral colors—and the more obvious the appearance offire—will be.Fire in a gemstone is best defined as "the visible extent of light dispersed into spectral colors" (Reinitz et al., 2001). In a polished diamond, this is seen as flares or flashes of color that appear and disappear as the diamond, the observer, or the light source moves.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Translations
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Seefire/translations § Noun.

Adjective

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fire (notcomparable)(predicative only)

  1. (slang)Amazing;excellent.
    This isfire, keep up the amazing work!
Alternative forms
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Translations
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slang: amazing

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishfiren,fyren,furen, fromOld Englishfȳrian(to make a fire), from the noun (see above). Cognate withOld Frisianfioria(to light a fire),Saterland Frisianfjuurje(to fire),Middle Dutchvûren,vueren,vieren(to set fire),Dutchvuren(to fire, shoot),Old High Germanfiuren(to ignite, set on fire),Germanfeuern(to fire).

Verb

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fire (third-person singular simple presentfires,present participlefiring,simple past and past participlefired)

  1. (transitive) To set (something, often a building)on fire.
    Synonyms:inflame,kindle;see alsoThesaurus:kindle
  2. (transitive) To heat as withfire, but without settingon fire, asceramic, metal objects, etc.
    If youfire the pottery at too high a temperature, it may crack.
    Theyfire the wood to make it easier to put a point on the end.
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, inZollenstein, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar onesfired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills,[]a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
  3. (transitive) To drive away by setting afire.
  4. (transitive, employment) Toterminate theemployment contract of (an employee), especiallyfor cause (such asmisconduct,incompetence, orpoorperformance).
    Synonyms:dehire,dismiss,give someone their cards,give the boot,give the elbow,give someone the heave-ho,let go,make redundant,sack,terminate,throw out,unhire;see alsoThesaurus:lay off
    Antonym:hire
    • 1969,Vladimir Nabokov,Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published2011, page226:
      The first, obvious choice was hysterical and fantastic Blanche – had there not been her timidity, her fear of being ‘fired [].
  5. (transitive, by extension) To terminate acontract with aclient; todrop a client.
    • 1979, Richard Collins Rea,Operating a Successful Accounting Practice: A Collection of Material from the Journal of Accountancy Practitioners Forum,→ISBN,→OCLC, page288:
      Don't be hesitant tofire a client - cull out the deadwood. If a client doesn't meet the above criteria, you are better off without him. You don't do your best work for a client you'd rather not have.
    • 2020, Rebecca Migdal,Museum Mercenary: A Handbook for Independent Museum Professionals,→ISBN,→OCLC, page278:
      Maintaining a collegial attitude even when doing the more difficult business work, likefiring a client, is another part. If you are struggling through the relationship, the client might be struggling as well, sofiring them may be mutually beneficial, and you should try and do it on the best of terms.
  6. (transitive) Toshoot (agun,rocket/missile, or analogous device).
    Synonyms:let off,(archery)loose,shoot
    We willfire our guns at the enemy.
    The jetfired a salvo of rockets at the truck convoy.
    Hefired his radar gun at passing cars.
  7. (intransitive) Toshoot agun,cannon, or similarweapon.
    Synonyms:open fire,shoot
    Don'tfire until you see the whites of their eyes.
    • 1989, Dolores Zen, transl.,Last Chance in Manchuria[3],Hoover Institution Press,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,page93:
      I heard that both yesterday and today, when transports of the central government carrying our soldiers arrived at Hu-lu-tao, bandit troops on the shorefired at them.
  8. (astronautics) To operate arocketengine to producethrust.
    The RCS thrustersfired several times to stabilize the tumbling spacecraft.
  9. (transitive, mining) Toset off anexplosive in amine.
  10. (transitive, sports) Toshoot; to attempt toscore agoal.
  11. (intransitive, physiology) To cause anaction potential in a cell.
    When a neuronfires, it transmits information.
  12. (transitive) Toforciblydirect (something).
    Synonyms:propel,shoot,throw
    He answered the questions the reportersfired at him.
  13. (ambitransitive, computer sciences, software engineering) Toinitiate anevent (by means of anevent handler).
    The event handler should onlyfire after all web page content has finished loading.
    The queuefires a job whenever the thread pool is ready to handle it.
  14. (transitive) Toinflame; toirritate, as the passions.
    Synonyms:arouse,excite;see alsoThesaurus:thrill,Thesaurus:incite
    tofire the soul with anger, pride, or revenge
  15. (intransitive, dated) To beirritated orinflamed withpassion.
    • 1864, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu,Uncle Silas:
      Inexperienced girl as I was, Ifired at the idea of becoming his dupe, and fancying, perhaps, that there was more in merely answering his note than it would have amounted to, I said — "That kind of thing may answer very well with button-makers, but ladies don't like it.[]
    • 1700,[John] Dryden, “Cymon and Iphigenia, fromBoccace”, inFables Ancient and Modern; [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [],→OCLC:
      Love hadfired my mind.
  16. Toanimate; to givelife orspirit to.
    Synonyms:energize,inspirit;see alsoThesaurus:enliven
    tofire the genius of a young man
  17. Tofeed orserve thefire of.
    tofire a boiler
    • 1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, inTrains Illustrated, pages150, 151:
      We left with the "Blue Train", dead on time. This time Ifired all the way.[] The next day took me home again on No. E.16 with Henri Dutertre. Ifired from Paris to Calais.
  18. (transitive) Tolight up as if byfire; toilluminate.
    Synonyms:belight;see alsoThesaurus:illuminate
  19. (transitive, farriery) Tocauterize (a horse, or a part of its body).
  20. (intransitive, dated) Tocatch fire; to bekindled.
    Synonyms:go up in flames;see alsoThesaurus:combust
  21. (intransitive, dated) To work as afireman, one who keeps the fire under a steam boiler on a steam-powered ship or train.
    Ifired on that train until August.
  22. (slang, usually with "up") To start (an engine).
  23. (horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to race ahead with a burst of energy.
    • 1988,Chronicle of the Horse, volume51, numbers1-13, page18:
      I'd say he struggled to get around the course. He neverfired. In other years, when Buzzy Hannum rode him, he ran well enough to win, but not this time.
Conjugation
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Conjugation offire
infinitive(to)fire
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularfirefired
2nd-personsingularfire,firestfired,firedst
3rd-personsingularfires,firethfired
pluralfire
subjunctivefirefired
imperativefire
participlesfiringfired
Derived terms
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Translations
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to set on fireseeset on fire
to heat pottery, etc.
to drive away by setting a fire
to terminate the employment of
transitive: to shoot
intransitive: to shoot
sport: to shoot, to attempt to score a goal
physiology: to cause action potential in a cell
to forcibly direct
computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event
to inflame; to irritate, as the passions
to animate; to give life or spirit to
to fire a boiler
to light up as if by fire
farriery: to cauterizeseecauterize
to catch fire; to be kindled
to be irritated or inflamed with passion
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

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fire

  1. Command toshoot withfirearms.
Usage notes
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While this term is commonly used in archery in modern-day contexts, this is technically incorrect. The correct term in archery isloose.

Translations
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command to shoot

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Asturian

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Verb

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fire

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative offirir

Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanvürhin,fürhin, equivalent tofia +hi. Compare archaicGermanfürhin andAlemannic Germanfüre.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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fire

  1. ahead,forward(direction away from the speaker)
    Se sanfire gångan.They went ahead.

Usage notes

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Bavarian adverbs of direction come in pairs: endings in -i or -e denote direction away from the speaker (akin tohi), and endings in -a denote direction towards the speaker (akin toher).

Related terms

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Crimean Tatar

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Noun

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fire

  1. shrinkage,loss
  2. scrap

Danish

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Danish numbers(edit)
40
 ←  345  → 
   Cardinal:fire
   Ordinal:fjerde
Danish Wikipedia article on4

Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsefjórir, fromProto-Germanic*fedwōr, fromProto-Indo-European*kʷetwóres(four).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fiːrə/,[ˈfiːɐ]

Numeral

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fire

  1. four
Usage notes
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In compounds:fir-.

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Low Germanfīren, fromFrenchvirer(bear, veer).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /fiːrə/,[ˈfiːɐ]

Verb

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fire (imperativefir,infinitiveatfire,present tensefirer,past tensefirede,perfect tenseharfiret)

  1. tolower something fixed to a rope or something similar
    • 1871, Jens Andreas Friis,Lappisk Mythologi, page138:
      Saa gik han hen ogfirede Stenen og Vidietouget ned i Hullet.
      Then he went [to the hole] andlowered the rock and the wicker rope down into the hole.
    • 2014, Teddy Vork,Diget, Tellerup A/S,→ISBN:
      Han satte sig på knæ, famlede sig frem til tovet og vendte sig rundt så han havde ryggen til hullet, drejede overkroppen bagud,firede faklen ned i hullet.
      He kneeled, fumbled his way to the rope and turned around, such that his back was to the hole, twisted his torso backwards,lowered the torch into the hole.
Conjugation
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Conjugation offire
activepassive
presentfirerfires
pastfiredefiredes
infinitivefirefires
imperativefir
participle
present-
pastfiret
(auxiliary verbhave)
gerund

Galician

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Verb

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fire

  1. second-personsingularimperative offerir

Italian

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VerifyA user has added this entry torequests for verification(+) with the reason: “was the infinitive ever used in Italian? If not let's keep these forms only underessere. If kept forms should maybe be put as present, thoughfieno andfie are not inherited fromfiunt/fit, they are reanalyzable as present.”
If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove{{rfv}} until the request has been resolved.

Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*fīre, fromLatinfīerī(to become, be). CompareRomanianfi.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈfi.re/
  • Rhymes:-ire
  • Hyphenation:fì‧re

Verb

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fìre (third-person only,no present,no past historic,no past participle,no imperfect,third-person singular futurefìaorfìe,no subjunctive,no imperfect subjunctive)

  1. (archaic, poetic, northern Italy) tobecome;(in a future sense) to be
    Synonym:essere

Usage notes

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The only 3rd-person forms attested outside of old Northern Italian literature are morphologically and historically future (and/or subjunctive); they were used suppletively for future indicative forms ofessere, chiefly in poetry.

Conjugation

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    Conjugation offìre (-ire; third-person only; irregular; defective) (SeeAppendix:Italian verbs)
infinitivefìre
auxiliary verbgerund
present participlepast participle
personsingularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeiotului/lei, esso/essanoivoiloro, essi/esse
present
imperfect
past historic
futurefìa,fìefìano,fìeno,fìero,fìaro
conditional
subjunctiveche ioche tuche lui/che lei, che esso/che essache noiche voiche loro, che essi/che esse
present
imperfect
imperativetuLeinoivoiLoro
negative imperative

Further reading

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  • fire in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers
 <  345  > 
   Cardinal :fire
   Ordinal :fjerde

Etymology 1

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FromDanishfire,Old Norsefjórir, fromProto-Germanic*fedwōr, from*kʷetwṓr, the neuter form ofProto-Indo-European*kʷetwóres.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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fire

  1. four
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Etymology 2

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FromFrenchvirer, viaMiddle Low Germanfiren.

Verb

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fire (imperativefir,present tensefirer,passivefires,simple pastfiraorfiretorfirte,past participlefiraorfiretorfirt,present participlefirende)

  1. toslacken,ease
  2. tolower(a flag)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers
 <  345  > 
   Cardinal :fire
   Ordinal :fjerde

Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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FromDanishfire,Old Norsefjórir, fromProto-Germanic*fedwōr, from*kʷetwṓr, the neuter form ofProto-Indo-European*kʷetwóres.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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fire

  1. four
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Etymology 2

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FromFrenchvirer, viaMiddle Low Germanfiren.

Verb

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fire

  1. toslacken,ease
  2. tolower(e.g. a flag)

References

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Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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fire n

  1. plural offir

Etymology 2

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Fromfi +‎-re.

Noun

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fire f (pluralfiri)

  1. essence,substance,nature
    Synonym:natură
  2. character,temper,disposition
    Synonyms:caracter,temperament
  3. mind
    Synonym:minte
Declension
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singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativefirefireafirifirile
genitive-dativefirifiriifirifirilor
vocativefire,fireofirilor
Related terms
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Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGreekΦύρα(Fýra).

Noun

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fire (definite accusativefireyi,pluralfireler)

  1. wastage
  2. outage
  3. shrinkage,loss, loss in weight,decrease
  4. turnover
  5. ullage
  6. leakage
  7. waste,tret,deficiency

Declension

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Declension offire
singularplural
nominativefirefireler
definite accusativefireyifireleri
dativefireyefirelere
locativefiredefirelerde
ablativefiredenfirelerden
genitivefireninfirelerin
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