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fear

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Fear,féar,andfear-

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishfeer,fere,fer, fromOld Englishfǣr,ġefǣr(“calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack, terrible sight”), fromProto-Germanic*fērō,*fērą(“danger”), fromProto-Indo-European*per-(“to attempt, try, research, risk”). Cognate withDutchgevaar(“danger, risk, peril”),GermanGefahr(“danger, risk, hazard”),Swedishfara(“danger, risk, peril”),Latinperīculum(“danger, risk, trial”),Albanianfrikë(“fear, danger”),Romanianfrică. Doublet ofperil.

The verb is fromMiddle Englishferen, fromOld Englishfǣran(“to frighten, raven”), from the noun. Cognate with the archaicDutch verbvaren(“to fear; to cause fear”).

Noun

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fear (countable anduncountable,pluralfears)

  2. (uncountable) A strong, unpleasantemotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.
    He was struck byfear on seeing the snake.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
      I corralled the judge, and we started off across the fields, in no very mild state offear of that gentleman's wife, whose vigilance was seldom relaxed.
    • 1914 November,Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, inMunsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.:The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published1915,→OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact),page382, column 1:
      Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervatingfear.
    • 1963,Margery Allingham, chapter 18, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC:
      ‘Then the father has a great fight with his terrible conscience,’ said Munday with granite seriousness. ‘Should he make a row with the police […]? Or should he say nothing about it and condone brutality forfear of appearing in the newspapers?’
  3. (countable) Aphobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone.
    Not everybody has the samefears.I have afear ofants.
    • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter I, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with nofear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
  4. (uncountable)Terrifiedveneration orreverence, particularly towardsGod,gods, orsovereigns.
  5. (UK, with definite article, "the fear") A feeling ofdread andanxiety when waking after drinking a lot ofalcohol, wondering what one did while drunk.
    Synonym:hangxiety
    • 2019, Ruth Kelly,The Little Vineyard in Provence:
      Her feeling of humiliation had intensified as the day had gone on and her hangover had worsened. She now also had 'the fear' to contend with,[…]
    • 2020, Mark Ratcliffe,The Step Down: A Very Scottish Crime:
      He hadthe fear, that feeling of dread that you've done something really embarrassing.The fear was a hundred times worse than the hangover. No, a thousand times worse.
Synonyms
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  • (an emotion caused by actual or perceived danger; a sense of fear induced by something or someone):SeeThesaurus:fear
  • (terrified veneration):dread
Derived terms
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Translations
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uncountable: emotion caused by actual or perceived danger or threat
a phobia; sense of fear induced by something or someone
extreme veneration or awe
hangover anxiety—seehangxiety
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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fear (third-person singular simple presentfears,present participlefearing,simple past and past participlefeared)

  2. (transitive) To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm.
    Ifear the worst will happen.
    • c.1594 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii]:
      I greatlyfear my money is not safe.
    • 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Matthew10:28:
      Andfear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but ratherfear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
    • 1892,Walter Besant, chapter II, inThe Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.:Harper & Brothers, […],→OCLC:
      At twilight in the summer there is never anybody tofear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
    • 2013 July 19,Mark Tran, “Denied an education by war”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number 6, page 1:
      One particularly damaging, but often ignored, effect of conflict on education is the proliferation of attacks on schools[…]as children, teachers or school buildings become the targets of attacks. Parentsfear sending their children to school. Girls are particularly vulnerable to sexual violence.
  3. (intransitive) To feel fear.
    Neverfear; help is always near.
  5. (intransitive) Toworry about, to feelconcern for, to beafraid for [withfor].
    Shefears for her son’s safety.
  6. (transitive) To venerate; tofeelawe towards.
    People whofearGod can be found inChristian churches.
  7. (transitive) To regret.
    Ifear I have bad news for you: your husband has died.
  8. (obsolete, transitive) To cause fear to; tofrighten.
  9. (obsolete, transitive) To beanxious orsolicitous for.
  10. (obsolete, transitive) To suspect; to doubt.
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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feel fear about (something)
(used withfor) to worry about, to feel concern for, to be afraid for
venerate; to feel awe towards
to regret

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishfere,feore, fromOld Englishfēre(“able to go, fit for service”), fromProto-Germanic*fēriz(“passable”), fromProto-Indo-European*per-(“to put across, ferry”). Cognate withScotsfere,feir(“well, active, sound”),Middle High Germangevüere(“able, capable, fit, serviceable”),Swedishför(“capable, able, stout”),Icelandicfær(“able”). Related tofare.

Adjective

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fear (comparativemorefear,superlativemostfear)

  1. (dialectal)Able;capable;stout;strong;sound.
    hale andfear
Alternative forms
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Anagrams

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Irishfer,[5] fromProto-Celtic*wiros, fromProto-Indo-European*wiHrós.

Cognate withWelshgŵr,Bretongour,Cornishgour,Gaulishviros,Latinvir,Sanskritवीर(vīra),Lithuanianvýras,Avestan𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀(vīra), andOld Englishwer.

Noun

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fear m (genitive singularfir,nominative pluralfir)

  1. man(adult male)
    Tá anfear ag ól uisce.
    The man is drinking water.
    Sláinte chuig nafir agus go marfuire na mná go deo!
    Health to themen and may the women live forever!
  2. husband,malespouse
Declension
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Declension offear (first declension)
bare forms
singularplural
nominativefearfir
vocativeafhirafheara
genitivefirfear
dativefearfir
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeanfearnafir
genitiveanfhirnabhfear
dativeleis anbhfear
donfhear		leis nafir
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Irishferaid, fromOld Irishferaid.[6]

Verb

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fear (present analyticfearann,future analyticfearfaidh,verbal nounfearadh,past participlefeartha)(transitive)

  1. toshed(a liquid)
  2. toexcrete
Conjugation
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conjugation offear (first conjugation – A)
verbal nounfearadh
past participlefeartha
tensesingularpluralrelativeautonomous
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicative
presentfearaimfearann tú;
fearair†		fearann sé, sífearaimidfearann sibhfearann siad;
fearaid†		afhearann; afhearas /
abhfearann*		feartar
pastd'fhear mé;d'fhearas /
fhear mé‡;fhearas‡		d'fhear tú;d'fhearais /
fhear tú;fhearais‡		d'fhear sé, sí /
fhear sé, sí‡		d'fhearamar;d'fhear muid /
fhearamar;fhear muid‡		d'fhear sibh;d'fhearabhair /
fhear sibh;
fhearabhair‡		d'fhear siad;d'fhearadar /
fhear siad;fhearadar‡		ad'fhear /
arfhear*		fearadh
past habituald'fhearainn /
fhearainn‡;bhfearainn‡‡		d'fheartá /
fheartá‡;bhfeartᇇ		d'fhearadh sé, sí /
fhearadh sé, sí‡;bhfearadh sé, s퇇		d'fhearaimis;d'fhearadh muid /
fhearaimis;fhearadh muid‡;bhfearaimis‡‡;bhfearadh muid‡‡		d'fhearadh sibh /
fhearadh sibh‡;bhfearadh sibh‡‡		d'fhearaidís;d'fhearadh siad /
fhearaidís;fhearadh siad‡;bhfearaidís‡‡;bhfearadh siad‡‡		ad'fhearadh /
abhfearadh*		d'fheartaí /
fheartaí‡;bhfearta퇇
futurefearfaidh mé;
fearfad		fearfaidh tú;
fearfair†		fearfaidh sé, sífearfaimid;
fearfaidh muid		fearfaidh sibhfearfaidh siad;
fearfaid†		afhearfaidh; afhearfas /
abhfearfaidh*		fearfar
conditionald'fhearfainn /fhearfainn‡;bhfearfainn‡‡d'fhearfá /fhearfá‡;bhfearfᇇd'fhearfadh sé, sí /fhearfadh sé, sí‡;bhfearfadh sé, s퇇d'fhearfaimis;d'fhearfadh muid /fhearfaimis‡;fhearfadh muid‡;bhfearfaimis‡‡;bhfearfadh muid‡‡d'fhearfadh sibh /fhearfadh sibh‡;bhfearfadh sibh‡‡d'fhearfaidís;d'fhearfadh siad /fhearfaidís‡;fhearfadh siad‡;bhfearfaidís‡‡;bhfearfadh siad‡‡ad'fhearfadh /
abhfearfadh*		d'fhearfaí /fhearfaí‡;bhfearfa퇇
subjunctive
presentgobhfeara mé;
gobhfearad†		gobhfeara tú;
gobhfearair†		gobhfeara sé, sígobhfearaimid;
gobhfeara muid		gobhfeara sibhgobhfeara siad;
gobhfearaid†		—gobhfeartar
pastdábhfearainndábhfeartádábhfearadh sé, sídábhfearaimis;
dábhfearadh muid		dábhfearadh sibhdábhfearaidís;
dábhfearadh siad		—dábhfeartaí
imperative
–fearaimfearfearadh sé, sífearaimisfearaigí;
fearaidh†		fearaidís—feartar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis

Mutation

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Mutated forms offear
radicallenitioneclipsis
fearfhearbhfear

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931)Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux,§ 57, page30
  2. ^Finck, F. N. (1899)Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page106
  3. ^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 269, page95
  4. ^de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977)Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath[Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies], section 5, page 3
  5. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 fer”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  6. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “feraid”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Scots

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Noun

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fear (pluralfears)

  1. fear

Verb

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fear (third-person singular simple presentfears,present participlefearin,simple pastfeart,past participlefeart)

  1. tofear
  2. tofrighten,scare

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Irishfer, fromProto-Celtic*wiros, fromProto-Indo-European*wiHrós.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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fear m (genitive singularfir,pluralfir)

  1. man
  2. husband,malespouse

Declension

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Declension offear (type I masculine noun)
indefinite
singularplural
nominativefearfir
genitivefirfhear
dativefearfir;fearaibh✝
definite
singularplural
nominative(am)fear(na)fir
genitive(an)fhir(nam)fear
dative(an)fhear(na)fir;fearaibh✝
vocativefhirfheara

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

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Pronoun

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fear (genitivefir)

  1. somebody,something,one

Usage notes

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Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutation offear
radicallenition
fearfhear

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

See also

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Further reading

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West Frisian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frisianfethere, fromProto-West Germanic*feþru, fromProto-Germanic*feþrō, fromProto-Indo-European*péth₂r̥.

Cognate withEnglishfeather,Greekφτερό(fteró,“wing, feather”),Latinpenna(“wing, feather”) andIrishéan(“bird”).

Noun

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fear c (pluralfearren,diminutivefearke)

  1. feather
  2. spring (mechanical device)
Further reading
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  • “fear (I)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Germanic*farjǭ. Cognate withDutchveer,Englishferry.

Noun

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fear n (pluralfearen)

  1. ferry
Further reading
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  • “fear (II)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Etymology 3

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FromOld Frisian*farn, fromProto-West Germanic*farn.

Noun

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fear c (pluralfearen)

  1. fern
Further reading
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  • “fear (III)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Etymology 4

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FromOld Frisian*farch, fromProto-West Germanic*farh. Cognate withEnglishfarrow.

Adjective

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fear

  1. farrow
Inflection
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Inflection offear
uninflectedfear
inflectedfeare
comparative—
positive
predicative/adverbialfear
indefinitec. sing.feare
n. sing.fear
pluralfeare
definitefeare
partitivefears
Further reading
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  • “fear (V)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
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