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expressive

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Frenchexpressif.

Pronunciation

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(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɹɛsɪv/
(General American, Canada)IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɹɛsɪv/,/ɛkˈspɹɛsɪv/
(California Vowel Shift)IPA^(key): /ɛkˈspɹæsɛv/
- Audio(Southern California): (file)
(General Australian)IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɹesɪv/
(New Zealand)IPA^(key): /əkˈspɹesəv/
Rhymes:-ɛsɪv
Hyphenation:ex‧pres‧sive

Adjective

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expressive (comparativemoreexpressive,superlativemostexpressive)

Effectivelyconveying thought orfeeling.
expressive dancing
(linguistics) Conveying the speaker'semotions and/orattitudes, in addition to thedenotative orliteral meaning.
- 2008, Louise Cummings,Clinical Linguistics, page270:
  These adults performed significantly more poorly than a group of 28 control adults on all measures of articulation andexpressive and receptive language.
- 2019, Daniel Gutzmann,The Grammar of Expressivity:
  This volume provides a detailed account of the syntax ofexpressive language, that is, utterances that express, rather than describe, the emotions and attitudes of the speaker.
(programming) Able to represent a number of ideas or concepts.
A programming language that isTuring complete is moreexpressive than one that is not.

effectively conveying feeling

Bulgarian:изразителен (bg)(izrazitelen)
Catalan:expressiu
Czech:expresivní (cs)
Dutch:uitdrukkend (nl),zeggingskrachtig,expressief (nl)
Finnish:ilmaiseva (fi),ekspressiivinen (fi)
French:expressif (fr)
Galician:expresivo
Georgian:გამომეტყველებითი(gamomeṭq̇velebiti),გამომხატველობითი(gamomxaṭvelobiti),გამომეტყველი(gamomeṭq̇veli),გამომხატველი(gamomxaṭveli)
German:ausdrucksvoll (de),ausdrucksstark (de)
Greek:εκφραστικός (el)(ekfrastikós)
Ancient:φραστικός(phrastikós)
Ido:expresiva (io)
Italian:espressivo (it)
Macedonian:изразит(izrazit),изразен(izrazen)
Maori:pūkare
Occitan:expressiu
Polish:wyrazisty (pl),ekspresywny (pl)
Portuguese:expressivo (pt),significativo (pt)
Romanian:expresiv (ro),plin de expresie
Russian:вырази́тельный (ru)(vyrazítelʹnyj)
Slovak:expresívny
Spanish:expresivo (es)
Swedish:uttrycksfull (sv)

Noun

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expressive (pluralexpressives)

(linguistics) Any word or phrase that expresses (that the speaker, writer, or signer has) a certain attitude toward or information about the referent.
- 2017, Tammi Leann Stout,An investigation of projection and temporal reference in Kaqchikel (dissertation for the University of Texas at Austin):
  Consider the case ofexpressives, where no prior knowledge of the speaker’s attitudes are required to interpret the utterance. In (43) ["That jerk Alexa keeps making me look bad"], Steve does not need to know (and in fact has no prior knowledge of) anything relating to Siri’s attitudes towards Alexa to interpret that Siri has a negative attitude about Alexa. It is theexpressivethat jerk that implies the negative attitude.
(linguistics, more narrowly) A word or phrase, belonging to a distinct word class or having distinct morphosyntactic properties, with semantic symbolism (for example, anonomatopoeia), variously considered either a synonym, a hypernym or a hyponym ofideophone.
- 2004, Nicole Kruspe,A Grammar of Semelai,→ISBN, page396:
  Cross-linguistically 'expressives' are more commonly termed 'ideophones' [...]Expressives are often cited as a distinctive shared feature of the Austroasiatic language family (Diffloth and Zide 1992; Osada 1992 (Mundari); Svantesson 1983 (Kammu)). [...] I do not make a distinction betweenexpressives and ideophones. [...] I distinguishexpressives from onomatopoeic forms, although the two probably overlap.
- 2007, N. J. Enfield,A Grammar of Lao,→ISBN, page299:
  A native metalinguistic termtoongl-toojl covers most of these, capturing a range of phenomena associated with alliterative, sound symbolic, and poetic expression. This chapter describes expressive structures under the headings ideophones, onomatopoeia, four-syllable rhyming expressions, echo formation, and interjections.
  12.1 Ideophones
  The term ideophone is roughly equivalent to the termexpressive, as well as other terms mimetic and psychomime.
- 2015,The Munda Languages, Gregory D. S. Anderson,→ISBN, page139:
  The term 'expressive' was suggested by Diffloth (1976:263–264) and adopted by Emeneau (1980:7) in the South Asian context in the following:
  ‘(E)xpressive’ is the most inclusive term for a form class with semantic symbolism and distinct morphosyntactic properties; ‘ideophones’ are a subclass in which the symbolism is phonological; ‘onomaptoetics’ are ideophones in which the reference of the symbolism is acoustic (i.e. imitative of sounds). Since the ideophones may have reference not only to sounds, but to any other objects of sense, including internal feelings as well as external perceptions (sight, taste, smell, etc.), and since the Indo-Aryan/Dravidian items already examined have this very wide type of reference, the broadest term ‘expressives’ seems appropriate.
- 2017, Sam Gray,Classifications of Mundari Expressives and Other Reduplicated Structures (thesis):
  I examine the valency ofexpressives, a class of ideophones in Mundari, comparing their behaviors as predicates to those of reduplicated verb forms.
Synonym:(or hypernym, or hyponym)sound-symbolic

Usage notes

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For spoken languages, the distinction between expressiveness,imitative harmony andsound symbolism is often unclear (if recognized at all), but “expressive” as a hyponym of “sound-symbolic” may convey an element of emotional reaction for a sound that is not necessarilyimitative; for exampleah!,hey! orow!. Insign languages, nearly allsigns tend to be expressive, depicting what they represent in a non-arbitrary way.