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even

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Even,éven,andeven-

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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  • eben(etymology 1: adverb, adjective)
  • e'en(etymology 1: adverb, etymology 2: noun; contraction, poetic, archaic)

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englisheven, fromOld Englishefn(“flat; level, even, equal”), fromProto-West Germanic*ebn, fromProto-Germanic*ebnaz, fromProto-Indo-European*(h₁)em-no-(“equal, straight; flat, level, even”).

Cognate withSaterland Frisianíeuwen(“even, flat”),West Frisianeven(“even”),Alemannic Germanëben(“even”),Cimbrianébane(“even”),Dutcheven(“even, equal, same”),effen(“leveled”),Germaneben(“even, flat, level”),Danishjævn(“even, flat, smooth”),Icelandicjafn(“even”),Norwegian Bokmåljevn(“even, smooth”),Norwegian Nynorskjamn(“even, smooth”),Swedishjämn(“even, level, smooth”),Gothic𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃(ibns,“even”),Old Cornisheun(“equal, right”) (attested in Vocabularium Cornicumeun-hinsic(“iustus, i. e., just”)),Old Bretoneun(“equal, right”) (attested in Eutychius Glossaryeunt(“aequus, i. e., equal”)),Middle Bretoneffn,Bretoneeun,Sanskritअम्नस्(amnás,“(adverb) just, just now; at once”).

The verb descends fromMiddle Englishevenen, fromOld Englishefnan; the adverb fromMiddle Englishevene, fromOld Englishefne.

The traditional proposal connecting the Germanic adjective with the rootProto-Indo-European*h₂eym- (Latinimāgō(“picture, image, likeness, copy”),Latinaemulus(“competitor, rival”),Sanskritयम(yamá,“pair, twin”)) is problematic from a phonological point of view.[1]

For the meaning development compare with Latinaequus(“equal, level, even, flat, horizontal”), Russianро́вный(róvnyj,“even, level, flat, smooth”),ра́вный(rávnyj,“equal”),по́ровну(pórovnu,“in equal parts”).

Adjective

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even (comparativemoreeven,superlativemosteven)

  1. Flat andlevel.
    Clear out those rocks. The surface must beeven.
  2. Without greatvariation.
    Despite her fear, she spoke in aneven voice.
  3. Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc.
    The distribution of food must beeven.
    Call iteven.
  4. (not comparable, of an integer)Divisible bytwo.
    Four, fourteen and forty areeven numbers.
  5. (of a number) Convenient forrounding other numbers to; for example, ending in a zero.
    • 1989,Jerry Sterner,Other People's Money, act I:
      Coles. How many shares have you bought, Mr. Garfinkle?
      Garfinkle. One hundred and ninety-six thousand.[…]
      Jorgenson.[…] How'd you figure out to buy such an odd amount? Why not two hundred thousand — niceeven number. Thought you liked niceeven numbers.
    • 1998,Marya Hornbacher, chapter 8, inWasted‎[1], paperback edition,HarperPerennial, published1999,→ISBN, page253:
      He put me on the scale in my underwear and socks: 82 pounds.[…] I left, humming all day long, remembering that once upon a time my ideal weight had been 84, and now I'd even beaten that. I decided 80 was a better number, a niceeven number to be.
  6. Onequalmonetaryterms; neitherowing nor beingowed.
  7. (colloquial) On equal terms of a moral sort;quits.
    You biffed me back at the barn, and I biffed you here—so now we'reeven.
  8. Parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.
  9. (obsolete) Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure.
  10. (obsolete) Associate; fellow; of the same condition.
    • c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe, Bible - Matthew 18.29
      Hiseven servant.
Usage notes
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  • Because of confusion with the "divisible by two" sense, use ofeven to mean "convenient for rounding" is rare; the synonymround is more common for this sense.
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of“flat and level”):uneven
  • (antonym(s) of“divisible by two”):odd
Derived terms
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Translations
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flat and level
without great variation
equal
arithmetic: divisible by two
of a number: convenient for rounding other numbers to—see alsoround
on equal monetary terms; neither owing nor being owed
on equal terms morally
parallel; on a level

Verb

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even (third-person singular simple presentevens,present participleevening,simple past and past participleevened)

  1. (transitive) To makeflat andlevel.
    We need toeven this playing field; the west goal is too low.
  2. (transitive, obsolete) Toequal orequate; to make the same.
  3. (intransitive, obsolete) To beequal.
    Thrice nineevens twenty seven.
  4. (transitive, obsolete) To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to makequits.
    We need toeven the score.
    • c.1604–05,William Shakespeare,All's Well that Ends Well, act 1, scene 3:
      Madam, the care I have had toeven your
      content I wish might be found in the calendar of my
      past endeavours, for then we wound our modesty, and
      make foul the clearness of our deservings, when of
      ourselves we publish them.
  5. (transitive, obsolete) To set right; tocomplete.
  6. (transitive, obsolete) To act up to; to keeppace with.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to make even

Adverb

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even (notcomparable)

  1. (archaic)Exactly,just,fully.
    I fulfilled my instructionseven as I had promised.
    You are leaving tonight? —Even so.
    This is my commandment, that ye love one another,even as I have loved you.
  2. In reality; implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality.
    Even a blind squirrel finds an acorn sometimes.
    Did youeven make it through the front door?
    That was before I waseven born.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter I, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,page 2:
      He used to drop into my chambers once in a while to smoke, and was first-rate company. When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. I liked the man for his own sake, andeven had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me.
    • 1910,Emerson Hough, chapter II, inThe Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, […].Even such a boat as theMount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question,even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.
    • 1921,Ben Travers, chapter 1, inA Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, Page & Company, published1925,→OCLC:
      He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom,even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
    • 2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8842, page29:
      Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, oreven thousands, of square miles.
  3. Emphasizing a comparative.
    I was strong before, but now I ameven stronger.
  4. Signalling a correction of one's previous utterance;rather,that is.
    My favorite actor is Jack Nicklaus. Jack Nicholson,even.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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exactly, fully
implying extreme example
emphasising comparative

Noun

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even (pluralevens)

  1. (mathematics, diminutive) Aneven number.
    So let's see. There are twoevens here and three odds.
Translations
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even number—seeeven number

References

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  1. ^Schaffner, Stefan (2000). “Altindischamnás, urgermanisch *eƀna-, kelt. *eμno-.” In:Indoarisch, Iranisch und die Indogermanistik. Akten des Kolloquiums der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 2. bis 5. Oktober 1997 in Erlangen, Forssman, Bernhard & Plath, Robert (eds.), Wiesbaden, pp. 491–505. In German.

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englisheven, fromOld Englishǣfen, fromProto-West Germanic*ābanþ, fromProto-Germanic*ēbanþs(“evening”).

Cognate withSaterland FrisianÄivend,Äiwend,Eeuwend(“evening”),West Frisianjûn(“evening”),Dutchavond(“evening”),Low GermanAvend(“evening”),GermanAbend(“evening”),Danishaften(“evening”). See also the related termseve andevening.

Noun

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even (pluralevens)

  2. (archaic or poetic)Evening.
    We'll meet ateven, when the sun is set.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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Evening of the day

Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglisheven oreven if oreven though.

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Mandarin?”

Conjunction

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even

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin)even though;even if

Synonyms

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Dutch

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Alternative forms

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  • effen(for the temporal senses of the adverb; colloquial; standard)
  • effe(for the temporal senses of the adverb; colloquial; non-standard)
  • ff(for the temporal senses of the adverb; slang, common chat abbreviation)

Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutcheven,effen, fromOld Dutch*evan, fromProto-West Germanic*ebn, fromProto-Germanic*ebnaz.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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even

  1. shortly,briefly
    Ik zaleven voor u kijken.
    I shall have a look for youshortly.
  2. for a shortperiod, for awhile
    In de tweede helft van de 19e eeuw bloeide Vollenhove weereven op.nl:Vollenhove#Geschiedenis
    In the second half of the 19th century, Vollenhove flourished againfor a while.
  3. for a moment;modal particle indicating that the speaker expects that something will require little time or effort.
    Zou jeeven de deur voor me dicht willen doen?
    Could you please close the door for me (for a moment)?
  4. just as, to the same degree(used with an adjective)
    In het midden van de vloer stond een tafel van wel vier meter hoog en eeneven grote stoel er bij.
    In the middle of the floor there stood a four-metre tall table and a chairjust as large beside it.
  5. (Netherlands)quite,rather
    Die iseven kwaad!
    He'srather angry!

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Adjective

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even (notcomparable)

  1. even, opposite ofodd
  2. (archaic)even,equal,level

Declension

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Declension ofeven
uninflectedeven
inflectedeven
comparative—
positive
predicative/adverbialeven
indefinitem./f. sing.even
n. sing.even
pluraleven
definiteeven
partitiveevens

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutch*evan, fromProto-West Germanic*ebn, fromProto-Germanic*ebnaz.

Adjective

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ēven

  1. even,equal

Declension

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This adjective needs aninflection-table template.

Descendants

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Adverb

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ēven

  1. just as,equally

Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Englishefn, fromProto-West Germanic*ebn, fromProto-Germanic*ebnaz.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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even

  1. smoothly,evenly
  2. impartially,justly
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Englishǣfen, fromProto-West Germanic*ābanþ, fromProto-Germanic*ēbanþs.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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even (pluralevenes)

  1. eve
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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even

  1. alternative form ofhevene

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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even m

  1. definitesingular ofeve

Anagrams

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