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The spelling, which contradicts the pronunciation, is because Middle French-eu- besides/ø/ also sometimes represented long/yː/. The latter cases were generally replaced with-û- in Early Modern French, e.g.dû,flûte for Middle Frenchdeu,fleute. However, in the case ofeu and related forms the spellingû was considered awkward and so the Middle French form was preserved.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /y/
Audio: (file)
Homophones:eue,eues,eus,eut,eût,u(general),us(one pronunciation),hue,huent,hues(aspirated)

Participle

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eu (feminineeue,masculine pluraleus,feminine pluraleues)

past participle ofavoir

Anagrams

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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ieu,i-eu(after a vowel)

Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseeu, fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈew/,(occasionally)/ˈɛw/,/ˈɪw/,(sandhi)/ˈjew/
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

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eu (after a prepositionmin,accusativeme,dativeme)

I
- 1399, M. González Garcés, editor,Historia de La Coruña. Edad Media, A Coruña: Caixa Galicia, page580:
  Saban todos queyeu Fernan Martinez, Clerigo rector da Yglesia de San Thomas da pescaria da Vila da Cruña
  Everyone know this, thatI Fernán Martinez, rector cleric of the church of Saint Tomas, of the Pescaría (fishery) of the Town of A Coruña

Galician personal pronouns
number	person	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional withcon
singular	first	eu	me	min	comigo
second	ti	te	che	ti	contigo
third	m	el	o (lo,no)	lle	el	con el
f	ela	a (la,na)	ela	con ela
plural	first	nós nosoutrosm nosoutrasf	nos	nós	connosco
second	vós vosoutrosm vosoutrasf	vos	vós	convosco
third	m	eles	os (los,nos)	lles	eles	con eles
f	elas	as (las,nas)	elas	con elas
reflexive third / indefinite	—	se	si	consigo

References

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Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “eu”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “yeu”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ieu”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
“eu”, inDicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy,2012–2025

Japanese

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Romanization

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Rōmaji transcription ofえう

Latin

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Etymology

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CompareAncient Greekεὖ(eû,“well”,adverb).

“eu”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“eu”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Latvian

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Interjection

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Use to draw somebody's attention

Manx

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /eu/

Pronoun

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eu (emphaticeuish)

second-personplural/form ofec
at you/ye
(idiomatic)your (plural)

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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Alternative form ofewe

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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(chiefly Early Middle English)Alternative form ofyow

Nias

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kahiw, fromProto-Austronesian*kaSiw.

Noun

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eu (mutated formgeu)

wood

References

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Sundermann, Heinrich. 1905.Niassisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Moers: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, p. 61.

Old French

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Verb

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past participle ofavoir

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛw/

Pronoun

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I
- 13th century,Cancioneiro da Ajuda, João Garcia de Guilhade,A 229:Amigos, non poss'eu negar (facsimile)
  [O]s ollos uerdes queeu ui / me façen ora andar aſſi.
  The green eyes whichI have seen / have made me now be like this.

Descendants

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Eonavian:eu
Fala:ei
Galician:eu
Portuguese:eu (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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ieu
ie(before an enclitic)

Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɛw/

Pronoun

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I(first-person singular subject pronoun)

Descendants

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Occitan:ieu

Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Seeiu.

Pronoun

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you (accusative)

Declension

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī,me,mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī,thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is

dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero,unka
dual	2nd person		git	ink		inker,inka

plural	1st person		wī,we	ūs,unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī,ge	eu,iu,iuu		euwar,iuwer,iuwar,iuwero,iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Portuguese

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Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseeu, fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.Doublet ofego.

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈew/[ˈeʊ̯]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈew/

(Northern Portugal)IPA^(key): (sandhi)/ˈjew/
(Alentejo, Algarve, Azores, Madeira)IPA^(key): (unstressed)[e]
Audio(Brazil): (file)
Audio(Northeast Brazil): (file)
Audio(Northern Portugal): (file)
Hyphenation:eu

Pronoun

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I(first-person singular personal pronoun)
- 2005,J. K. Rowling, translated byLia Wyler,Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco,→ISBN, page184:
  Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!
  I was hoping to meet you before dinner!
(Brazil, nonstandard, proscribed)first-person singular prepositional pronoun; me

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, seeCitations:eu.

Derived terms

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euzinho /euzinha(diminutive)

Portuguesepersonal pronouns
number	person	nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional withcom	non-declining
singular	first	eu	me	mim	comigo	—
second	tu	te	ti	contigo	você o senhorm a senhoraf
third	m	ele	o (lo,no)	lhe	ele	comele	o mesmo
f	ela	a (la,na)	ela	comela	a mesma
plural	first	nós	nos	nós	connosco(Portugal) conosco(Brazil)	a gente
second	vós	vos	vós	convosco comvós	vocês os senhoresm as senhorasf
third	m	eles	os (los,nos)	lhes	eles	comeles	os mesmos
f	elas	as (las,nas)	elas	comelas	as mesmas
reflexive third / indefinite	—	se	si	consigo	o mesmoetc.(reflexive)

Noun

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eu m (pluraleus)

(chiefly philosophy)ego;self(individual person as the object of his own reflective consciousness)
Synonym:ego

Derived terms

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eu lírico

Related terms

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Interjection

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eu!

Used todraw attention tooneself after having their namecalled.
Dr. Hélio? –Eu!
Dr. Hélio? –Here!

Descendants

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Barranquian:ê
Kristang:yo
Macanese:iou,io,ieu

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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eŭ —old orthography
io —colloquial

Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (pronoun)/jew/,(noun)/ew/
IPA^(key): (pronoun, colloquial)/jo/
Rhymes:-ew
Hyphenation:eu
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

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(nominative form)I

Declension

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Declension ofeu
	stressed	unstressed
nominative	eu
accusative	mine	mă
dative	mie	îmi

possessive forms
	singular	plural
masculine	meu	mei
neuter	meu	mele
feminine	mea	mele

Romanian personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1st person	eu	noi
2nd person	plain	tu	voi
semi-polite	dumneata	dumneavoastră
polite	dumneavoastră
3rd person	familiarm	el	ei
familiarf	ea	ele
politem	dumnealui	dumnealor
politef	dumneaei

Noun

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eu n (pluraleuri)

Declension

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Declension ofeu
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	eu	eul	euri	eurile
genitive-dative	eu	eului	euri	eurilor
vocative	eule		eurilor

Romansch

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Pronoun

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eu(Vallader)

Alternative form ofjau(“I”)

Sassarese

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈeu/

Pronoun

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Alternative form oféiu:I
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Primabéra [Springtime]”, inLa poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page13:
  […] guasi guasi credu
  chi podaristhiaeu puru
  o dubaristhia
  nascì torra.[…]
  I almost believe thatI, too, can, or should, be born again.
- 2020 March 25, Ignazio Sanna, “Di nomme fozzu Asdrubale [My name is Asdrubale]”, inIgnazio Sanna - Prosa e poesia in sassarese‎^[1]:
  Faccisigàddu, diggu grazie a Firumèna chi s’alluntàna e s’arròmba a lu muru;eu a lu muru d’aócci.
  Embarrassed, I thank Filomena, who distances herself, and leans on the wall;I [lean] to the opposite wall.

References

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Rubattu, Antoninu (2006)Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Sicilian

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Alternative forms

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jeu(paroxytone, diphthongozed)
ju(oxytone doublet)
jo(o-coloured variant, dialectal (possible italianism/hiberism))
ia(Gallo-italic of Sicily, dialectal)
iu(italianism, dialectal)
jù,jèu,jò,ìa,ìu(non-standard, redundant discritics)

Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latineo, fromClassical Latinegō̆. Cognate withAromanianiou,Corsicaneiu,Frenchje,Italian andNeapolitanio,Catalanjo,Galician andPortugueseeu,Romanianeu,Spanishyo,Sardinianego.Doublet ofju.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈɛu/,[ˈɛ.ʊ],[ˈɛw],[ˈjɛ.ʊ]
Hyphenation:è‧u

Pronoun

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(first person singular pronoun)I
Eu sacciu lèggiri 'n sicilianu. ―I can read Sicilian.

Inflection

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nominative	eu
prepositional	(a)mìa
accusative	mi
dative	mi
reflexive	mi

Welsh

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Alternative forms

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'u(after vowels)
'w(after the prepositioni)

Pronunciation

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(standard)IPA^(key): /ei̯/
- (colloquial)IPA^(key): /iː/,/ɪ/
Homophone:ei
Rhymes:-ei̯

Usage notes

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Despite being written asu, the vowel here is/i̯/ in north Wales, making it homophonous with singularei in all varieties of the spoken language.

Determiner

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eu (triggersh-prothesis of a following vowel)

their
Cwynent ameu blinder a’u hafiechyd.
They complained oftheir weariness andtheir illness.

Pronoun

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eu (triggersh-prothesis of a following vowel)

them(as the direct object of a verbal noun)
Rhaid sganio’r ffeiliau cyneu hagor a’u harchwilio.
You have to scan the files before openingthem and exploringthem.

Usage notes

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Nhw is often added after the noun or verbnoun whicheu precedes. In formal language, this is done to emphasise the determiner or pronoun. In colloquial language, it is not necessarily an indicator of emphasis, and is often included with the determiner and always included with the pronoun. The exception to the latter case is in passive constructions employingcael, wherenhw is never used.
In formal Welsh, the contraction’u is a valid form ofeu found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh,eu is often contracted to’u after almost any vowel-final word.
Pronomialeu and’u can occur before any verbal noun. Before a verb, pronomial’u is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles. See entry for’u for more information.