| Audio(Southern England): | (file) |
els
| Audio(Southern England): | (file) |
els (notcomparable)
FromLatinillos(“those ones”). Akin toSpanishellos andPortugueseeles.
els
Inherited fromLatinillōs, fromille.
| Audio: | (file) |
els m pl (feminine pluralles,masculine singularel,feminine singularla)
els (proclitic,encliticlos,contracted enclitic'ls)
| strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | |||||
| singular | 1st person | standard | jo,mi3 | em,m’ | -me,’m | em,m’ | -me,’m | meu |
| majestic1 | nós | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | standard | tu | et,t’ | -te,’t | et,t’ | -te,’t | teu | |
| formal1 | vós | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre | ||
| very formal2 | vostè | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu | ||
| 3rd person | m | ell | el,l’ | -lo,’l | li | -li | seu | |
| f | ella | la,l’4 | -la | li | -li | seu | ||
| n | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu | |||
| plural | ||||||||
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos,’ns | ens | -nos,’ns | nostre | ||
| 2nd person | standard | vosaltres | us | -vos,-us | us | -vos,-us | vostre | |
| formal2 | vostès | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person | m | ells | els | -los,’ls | els | -los,’ls | seu | |
| f | elles | les | -les | els | -los,’ls | seu | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es,s’ | -se,’s | es,s’ | -se,’s | seu | ||
| adverbial | ablative/genitive | en,n’ | -ne,’n | |||||
| locative | hi | -hi | ||||||
1 Behaves grammatically as plural. 2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition. 4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.
els c
FromMiddle Dutchelse, fromOld Dutch*alisa, fromFrankish*alisu, fromProto-Germanic*alisō, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂élis-.
CompareGermanErle,Englishalder,Danishel,Norwegianolder,Icelandicelri.
els m (pluralelzen,diminutiveelsje n)
FromMiddle Dutchelsene, fromOld Dutch[Term?], fromProto-Germanic*alisnō,*alusnō. Related to*ēlō, whence Dutchaal, GermanAhle, Englishawl.
els f (pluralelzen,diminutiveelsje n)
els f pl (postpositive-els)(ORB, broad)
| singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | jo | mè | min | ||
| 2nd person | te | tè | tin | ||
| 3rd person masculine | il | lo /le | lui | sin | |
| 3rd person feminine | el | la | lyé | ||
| 3rd person neuter | o | y | — | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
| plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic1 | possessive2 |
| 1st person | nos | noutro | |||
| 2nd person | vos | voutro | |||
| 3rd person masculine | ils | los /les | lor | lor | |
| 3rd person feminine | els | les | lor /lyés | ||
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | |||
| 1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | 2 Generally preceded by a definite article. | ||||
FromOld Dutch*elles, genitive of*elli (Middle Dutchel), fromProto-West Germanic*alljas.
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