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dust

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Dustandďüst

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishdust,doust, fromOld Englishdūst(“dust, dried earth reduced to powder; other dry material reduced to powder”), from the fusion ofProto-Germanic*dustą(“dust”) and*dunstą(“mist, dust, evaporation”), both fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, raise dust”).

Cognate withScotsdust,dist(“dust”),Dutchduist(“pollen, dust”) anddons(“down, fuzz”),GermanDust(“dust”) andDunst(“haze”),Swedishdust(“dust”),Icelandicdust(“dust”),Latinfūmus(“smoke, steam”). Also related toSwedishdun(“down, fluff”),Icelandicdúnn(“down, fluff”). Seedown.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dust (countable anduncountable,pluraldusts)

  1. Fineparticles.
    1. (uncountable)Fine,dryparticles ofmatter found in the air andcovering thesurface ofobjects, typicallyconsisting ofsoillifted up by the wind,pollen,hair, etc.
      • 2022 September 7, “East-West track laying heads westwards”, inRAIL, number965, page 37, photo caption:
        There is so muchdust released during the process of laying ballast that the trackside operator wears a full face mask with respirator.
    2. (uncountable) Anysubstancereduced to fine particles;powder.
    3. (uncountable, astronomy)Submicron particles inouter space, largelysilicates andcarboncompounds, thatcontribute greatly toextinction atvisiblewavelengths.
    4. (uncountable, occupational health)Disintegration of asolid, likesilica.
    5. (uncountable, Australia, slang, dated)Flour.
    6. (countable, obsolete) A single fine, dry particle of earth or other material;grain of dust.
  2. (countable) The act ofcleaning by dusting.
    • 2010, Joan Busfield, Michael Paddon,Thinking About Children: Sociology and Fertility in Post-War England, page150:
      […]once they start school, I mean you can do a room out one day, the next day it only needs adust, doesn’t it?
  3. (countable) The act ofsprinkling dust, or a sprinkle of dust itself.
  4. (poetic)Earth,ground,soil,sediment.
  5. The earth as theresting place of thedead.
  6. Theearthyremains ofbodies oncealive; the remains of thehumanbody.
  7. (figurative) Thesubstance of the human body ormortalframe.
  8. (figurative) Somethingworthless.
  9. (figurative) Alow ormeancondition.
  10. (British, colloquial)Rubbish,garbage,refuse.
  11. (slang, dated)cash;money (in reference togold dust).
    • 1852, George Colvocoresses,Four Years in a Government Exploring Expedition:
      ‘And what do you ask for it?’ ‘Fifteen thousand dollars.’ ‘I’ll take it.’ ‘Then down with thedust.’
  12. (countable) Acloud of dust.
  13. (countable, figurative) Atumult,disturbance,commotion,uproar.
    to raise, or kick up, adust
  14. (countable, colloquial) Afight orrow.
  15. (countable, mathematics) A totallydisconnectedset ofpoints with afractal structure.
  16. (cryptocurrencies) Tiny amounts ofcryptocurrency left over after atransaction due torounding error.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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fine, dry particles
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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dust (third-person singular simple presentdusts,present participledusting,simple past and past participledusted)

  1. (transitive) Toremove dust from.
    The cleaning lady needs a stool todust the cupboard.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduouslydusted and greatly cherished.
  2. (intransitive) To remove dust; to clean by removing dust.
    Dusting always makes me cough.
  3. (transitive, archaic) To makedusty, tosoil with dust.
  4. (intransitive or reflexive) Of a bird, tocover itself in sand or dry, dusty earth.
  5. (transitive) Tospray orcover (something) with fine powder or liquid, tosprinkle.
    The motherdusted her baby’s bum with talcum powder.
  6. (transitive) To sprinkle (a substance) in the form of dust.
  7. (intransitive, chiefly US slang) Toleavequickly; torush off.
    • 1939,Raymond Chandler,The Big Sleep, Penguin, published2011, page75:
      He added in a casual tone: ‘The girl candust. I’d like to talk to you a little, soldier.’
  8. (transitive, obsolete) Todrink upquickly; totoss off.
  9. (transitive, obsolete) To reduce to a fine powder; topulverize, tolevigate.
    • 1667,Thomas Sprat,History of the Royal Society of London:
      good Powder differs from bad[…]in having more Peter and less Coal; and lastly, in the welldusting of it
  10. (transitive, now colloquial or dialectal) Tostrike,beat,thrash.
  11. (transitive, chiefly US slang) Todefeatbadly, to thrash.
  12. (transitive, chiefly US slang) Tokill.
  13. (transitive, baseball) Todeliberatelypitch a ballclose to (abatter); tobrush back.
  14. (cryptocurrencies) To attempt toidentify theowner of (acryptocurrencywallet) by sending tiny amounts of cryptocurrency.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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(intransitive) to clean by removing dust
(transitive) to remove dust from
of a bird, to cover itself in sand
to spray something with fine powder or liquid
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Anagrams

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Faroese

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedust.

Noun

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dust n (genitive singulardusts,uncountable)

  1. dust

Declension

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n3ssingular
indefinitedefinite
nominativedustdustið
accusativedustdustið
dativedustidustinum
genitivedustsdustsins

Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedust.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dust n (genitive singulardusts,no plural)

  1. dust
    Synonyms:ryk,duft

Declension

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Declension ofdust (sg-only neuter)
singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativedustdustið
accusativedustdustið
dativedustidustinu
genitivedustsdustsins

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Forms with a long vowel are fromOld Englishdūst, fromProto-Germanic*dunstą. Forms with a short vowel are fromOld English*dust, fromProto-Germanic*dustą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dust (uncountable)

  1. dust,powder
  2. dirt,grit
  3. (figurative)iota,modicum

Related terms

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Descendants

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Back-formation ofdustet, fromOld Norsedust (dust particle)

Noun

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dust m (definite singulardusten,indefinite pluralduster,definite pluraldustene)

  1. (derogatory)dork,moron,fool
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Norsedust.

Noun

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dust f orm (definite singulardustaordusten,indefinite pluralduster,definite pluraldustene)

  1. dust (fine, dry particles)

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsedust (dust particle), compare withdustete.

Noun

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dust m (definite singulardusten,indefinite pluraldustar,definite pluraldustane)

  1. (derogatory)dork,moron,fool
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Norsedust.

Noun

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dust f (definite singulardusta,indefinite pluralduster,definite pluraldustene)

  1. dust (fine, dry particles)

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*dunstą(“dust, vapour”), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰew-(“vapour, smoke”). Akin toHindiधुआं(dhuā̃,“smoke”),Middle Dutchdost,donst,duust (Dutchdons,duist),Old High Germantunst,dunst (GermanDunst),Low Germandust,Icelandicdust,Norwegiandust,Danishdyst.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dūst n

  1. dust;powder;mill dust

Declension

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Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativedūstdūst
accusativedūstdūst
genitivedūstesdūsta
dativedūstedūstum

Descendants

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Old Norse

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*dustą.

Noun

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dust n

  1. dust particle

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “dust”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromEnglishdust.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dust m (genitive singulardust,no plural)

  1. dust

Usage notes

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  • Also used figuratively forcorpse.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Swedish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Swedishdust,duster,diost, fromMiddle Low Germandust,diost, fromOld Frenchjoste,juste, fromLatinjuxta. Cognate ofDanishdyst,Frenchjoute.

Noun

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dust c

  1. ajoust
  2. (figuratively) a (minor) verbal or physical confrontation, about, atussle, arun-in

Declension

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Declension ofdust
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitedustdusts
definitedustendustens
pluralindefinitedusterdusters
definitedusternadusternas

References

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Zazaki

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Noun

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dust

  1. side; one half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
  2. tolevel

Derived terms

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